The colonization of rural Britain; a complete scheme for the regeneration of British rural life,

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Fronteira, religião, cidade: o papel da igreja católica no processo de organização sócio-espacial de Fátima do Sul/MS (1943-1965)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Colonización y política agraria en la provincia de Buenos Aires : Demandas sectoriales y respuestas oficiales durante la primera mitad el siglo XX

Las cambiantes condiciones internas y externas que comenzaron a afectar el desarrollo del modelo agroexportador, durante las décadas iniciales del siglo XX, pusieron la "cuestión agraria" en el centro de discusión sobre el modelo de país deseable. Si la concentración de la propiedad de la tierra comenzaba a ser visualizada como causa de los mayores males que inquietaban a la sociedad, la colonización agraria era planteada como el camino para superar las contradicciones que afectaban el crecimiento del sector. Hemos buscado en este trabajo dar cuenta de algunas de las expresiones a favor de la implementación de ese tipo de políticas agrarias, poniendo particular atención en el caso bonaerense

Colonización y política agraria en la provincia de Buenos Aires : Demandas sectoriales y respuestas oficiales durante la primera mitad el siglo XX

Las cambiantes condiciones internas y externas que comenzaron a afectar el desarrollo del modelo agroexportador, durante las décadas iniciales del siglo XX, pusieron la "cuestión agraria" en el centro de discusión sobre el modelo de país deseable. Si la concentración de la propiedad de la tierra comenzaba a ser visualizada como causa de los mayores males que inquietaban a la sociedad, la colonización agraria era planteada como el camino para superar las contradicciones que afectaban el crecimiento del sector. Hemos buscado en este trabajo dar cuenta de algunas de las expresiones a favor de la implementación de ese tipo de políticas agrarias, poniendo particular atención en el caso bonaerense

Colonización y política agraria en la provincia de Buenos Aires : Demandas sectoriales y respuestas oficiales durante la primera mitad el siglo XX

Las cambiantes condiciones internas y externas que comenzaron a afectar el desarrollo del modelo agroexportador, durante las décadas iniciales del siglo XX, pusieron la "cuestión agraria" en el centro de discusión sobre el modelo de país deseable. Si la concentración de la propiedad de la tierra comenzaba a ser visualizada como causa de los mayores males que inquietaban a la sociedad, la colonización agraria era planteada como el camino para superar las contradicciones que afectaban el crecimiento del sector. Hemos buscado en este trabajo dar cuenta de algunas de las expresiones a favor de la implementación de ese tipo de políticas agrarias, poniendo particular atención en el caso bonaerense

Colonización y política agraria en la provincia de Buenos Aires : Demandas sectoriales y respuestas oficiales durante la primera mitad el siglo XX

Las cambiantes condiciones internas y externas que comenzaron a afectar el desarrollo del modelo agroexportador, durante las décadas iniciales del siglo XX, pusieron la "cuestión agraria" en el centro de discusión sobre el modelo de país deseable. Si la concentración de la propiedad de la tierra comenzaba a ser visualizada como causa de los mayores males que inquietaban a la sociedad, la colonización agraria era planteada como el camino para superar las contradicciones que afectaban el crecimiento del sector. Hemos buscado en este trabajo dar cuenta de algunas de las expresiones a favor de la implementación de ese tipo de políticas agrarias, poniendo particular atención en el caso bonaerense

Pioneer settlement in the Asiatic tropics; studies in land utilization and agricultural colonization in southeastern Asia

"This study has been made with the cooperation of the Secretariat of the Institute of Pacific relations and constitutes a report in its International research series."

Precipitation in the regions of Jewish colonization (incomplete)

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Differences in Mucosal Gene Expression in the Colon of Two Inbred Mouse Strains after Colonization with Commensal Gut Bacteria

The host genotype has been proposed to contribute to individually composed bacterial communities in the gut. To provide deeper insight into interactions between gut bacteria and host, we associated germ-free C3H and C57BL/10 mice with intestinal bacteria from a C57BL/10 donor mouse. Analysis of microbiota similarity between the animals with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed the development of a mouse strain-specific microbiota. Microarray-based gene expression analysis in the colonic mucosa identified 202 genes whose expression differed significantly by a factor of more than 2. Application of bioinformatics tools demonstrated that functional terms including signaling/secretion, lipid degradation/catabolism, guanine nucleotide/guanylate binding and immune response were significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes. We had a closer look at the 56 genes with expression differences of more than 4 and observed a higher expression in C57BL/10 mice of the genes coding for Tlr1 and Ang4 which are involved in the recognition and response to gut bacteria. A higher expression of Pla2g2a was detected in C3H mice. In addition, a number of interferon-inducible genes were higher expressed in C3H than in C57BL/10 mice including Gbp1, Mal, Oasl2, Ifi202b, Rtp4, Ly6g6c, Ifi27l2a, Usp18, Ifit1, Ifi44, and Ly6g indicating that interferons may play an essential role in microbiota regulation. However, genes coding for interferons, their receptors, factors involved in interferon expression regulation or signaling pathways were not differentially expressed between the two mouse strains. Taken together, our study confirms that the host genotype is involved in the establishment of host-specific bacterial communities in the gut. Based on expression differences after colonization with the same bacterial inoculum, we propose that Pla2g2a and interferon-dependent genes may contribute to this phenomenon.

New insights on postglacial colonization in western Europe: the phylogeography of the Leisler’s bat (Nyctalus leisleri)

Despite recent advances in the understanding of the interplay between a dynamic physical environment and phylogeography in Europe, the origins of contemporary Irish biota remain uncertain. Current thinking is that Ireland was colonized post-glacially from southern European refugia, following the end of the last glacial maximum(LGM), some 20 000 years BP. The Leisler’s bat (Nyctalus leisleri), one of the few native Irish mammal species, is widely distributed throughout Europe but, with the exception of Ireland, is generally rare and considered vulnerable. We investigate the origins and phylogeographic relationships of Irish populations in relation to those across Europe, including the closely related species N. azoreum. We use a combination of approaches, including mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, in addition to approximate Bayesian computation and palaeo-climatic species distribution modelling. Molecular analyses revealed two distinct and diverse European mitochondrialDNAlineages,which probably diverged in separate glacial refugia. Awestern lineage, restricted to Ireland, Britain and the Azores, comprises Irish and British N. leisleri and N. azoreum specimens; an eastern lineage is distributed throughout mainland Europe. Palaeo-climatic projections indicate suitable habitats during the LGM, including known glacial refugia, in addition to potential novel cryptic refugia along the western fringe of Europe. These results may be applicable to populations of many species.

Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes

The aim of this study was to examine interrelationships between functional biochemical and microbial indicators of soil quality, and their suitability to differentiate areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes. The study included five 0.8 ha areas on a sandy-loam soil which had received contrasting fertility and cropping regimes over a 5 year period. These were organically managed vegetable, vegetable -cereal and arable rotations, an organically managed grass clover ley, and a conventional cereal rotation. The organic areas had been converted from conventional cereal production 5 years prior to the start of the study. All of the biochemical analyses, including light fraction organic matter (LFOM) C and N, labile organic N (LON), dissolved organic N and water-soluble carbohydrates showed significant differences between the areas, although the nature of the relationships between the areas varied between the different parameters, and were not related to differences in total soil organic matter content. The clearest differences were seen in LFOM C and N and LON, which were higher in the organic arable area relative to the other areas. In the case of the biological parameters, there were differences between the areas for biomass-N, ATP, chitin content, and the ratios of ATP: biomass and basal respiration: biomass. For these parameters, the precise relationships between the areas varied. However, relative to the conventionally managed area, areas under organic management generally had lower biomass-N and higher ATP contents. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization potential was extremely low in the conventional area relative to the organic areas. Further, metabolic diversity and microbial community level physiological profiles, determined by analysis of microbial community metabolism using Biolog GN plates and the activities of eight key nutrient cycling enzymes, grouped the organic areas together, but separated them from the conventional area. We conclude that microbial parameters are more effective and consistent indicators of management induced changes to soil quality than biochemical parameters, and that a variety of biochemical and microbial analyses should be used when considering the impact of management on soil quality. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The ecological impact of conquest and colonization on a medieval frontier landscape: combined palynological and geochemical analysis of lake sediments from Radzyń Chełminski, northern Poland

Slavic and German colonization of the southern Baltic between the 8th and 15th centuries A.D. is well-documented archaeologically and historically. Despite the large number of pollen profiles from Poland, few palaeoecological studies have examined the ecological impact of a process that was central to the expansion of European, Christian, societies. This study aims to redress this balance through multiproxy analysis of lake sediments from Radzyń Chełminski, Northern Poland, using pollen, element geochemistry (Inductively Coupled-Optical Emission Spectroscopy [ICP-OES]), organic content, and magnetic susceptibility. The close association between lake and medieval settlements presents the ideal opportunity to reconstruct past vegetation and land-use dynamics within a well-documented archaeological, historical, and cultural context. Three broad phases of increasing landscape impact are visible in the pollen and geochemical data dating from the 8th/9th, 10th/11th, and 13th centuries, reflecting successive phases of Slavic and German colonization. This involved the progressive clearance of oak-hornbeam dominated woodland and the development of an increasingly open agricultural landscape. Although the castles and towns of the Teutonic Order remain the most visible signs of medieval colonization, the palynological and geochemical data demonstrate that the major phase of woodland impact occurred during the preceding phase of Slavic expansion; Germans colonists were entering a landscape already significantly altered.

Integration through Land Improvment – Internal Colonization in Switzerland During the First Part of the 20th Century

Internal colonization in Switzerland is often seen in connection with the battle for cultivation in the Second World War, but the history of internal colonization in Switzerland is more complex. The food crisis in the First World War formed the horizon of experience for various actors from industry, consumer protection, the urban population and agriculture to start considering practical strategies for managing agricultural production. In this way, traditional spaces, such as rural and urban areas and economic roles, such as food producer, consumer and trader, overlapped and were newly conceived to some extent: people started thinking about utopias and how a modern society could be designed to be harmonious and resistant to crisis. The aim of this article is to trace some of the key points in this process for the interwar years in neutral Switzerland. In the process, the focus must be on the context of people’s mentalities in the past, although the relationships between the actors of internal colonization and the state also need to be considered. Internal colonization in Switzerland in the twentieth century can be understood as an open process. In principle, the project was driven by private actors, but in times of crisis, the project was claimed by the state as a possible tool for social and economic intervention. In addition, as a result of the planned dissolution of urban and rural spaces, it will be shown that modern societies in the interwar period were on an existential search to overcome the problems of the modern age. Internal colonization can therefore be seen as an attempt to find a third way between a world characterized by an agrarian society and a modern industrial nation.

Private colonization of land /

"Office of the Secretary of the American Association for Agricultural Legislation."

Report of the Commission on Land Colonization and Rural Credits of the state of California. November 29, 1916.

Running title: Land colonization and rural credits.