Epidemiological significance of subterranean Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) breeding sites to dengue virus infection in charters towers, 1993

The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological significance of subterranean mosquito breeding sites to the 1993 outbreak of dengue fever (type 2) in the northern Queensland town of Charters Towers, Australia. In recent studies on subterranean mosquito breeding, containers such as wells and service manholes have been shown to be important breeding sites to Australia's only dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (L.). This study demonstrates a direct epidemiological association between subterranean breeding sites and dengue virus infection. The mean distance between residents seropositive for dengue 2 and the nearest subterranean container (113 m) was significantly less than for a randomly selected control (191 m), (F = 81.9; df = 1, 478; P < 0.001). Residents positive for dengue 2 antibodies was 2.47 (95% confidence interval 1.88-3.24) times higher for those living within 160 m of a well or service manhole, compared with those residing further away. These findings emphasize the importance of including subterranean water containers in Ae. aegypti surveillance and control programs.

Charters of freedom: the Declaration of independence, 1776, the Constitution of the United States, 1787, the Bill of rights, 1791.

Mode of access: Internet.

The history of Saint Paul's cathedral, in London, from its foundation: extracted out of original charters, records, leiger-books, and other manuscripts,

Imperfect: two plates wanting.

List of Markets and Fairs now and formerly held in Scotland. With notes as to the charters, acts of Parliament, and other documents by which the right to hold them has been conferred. Prepared for the Royal Commissioners of Market Rights and Tolls ;

Mode of access: Internet.

Nomo-lexikon : a law dictionary, interpreting such difficult and obscure words and terms, as are found either in our common or statute, ancient or modern lawes. With references to the several statutes, records, registers, law-books, charters, ancient deeds, and manuscripts, wherein the words are used: and etymologies, where they properly occur ... /

Corrigenda, [1] leaf, inserted before sign. B.

A vindication of Elizabeth More, from the imputation of being a concubine; and her children, from the tache of bastardy: ... By Richard Hay ... In the body of this book and the appendix subjoin'd, there are several ancient and valuable charters, .

Mode of access: Internet.

The charters of the city of London, which have been granted by the kings and queens of England since the conquest.

Compiled by John Evelyn (not the diarist) cf. Brit. mus. Catalogue.

Charters and records of Hereford cathedral,

Mode of access: Internet.

Guide to the manuscripts, autographs, charters, seals, illuminations and bindings exhibited in the Department of Manuscripts and in the Grenville library.

Edited by George F. Warner, keeper of mss.

Hand-list of charters, deeds, and similar documents in the possession of the John Rylands library ...

Vol. 1 is reprinted, with addition of an index, from the Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, v. 7-8, 1922/23-1924.

The royal charters of the city of Lincoln, Henry II to William III.

Mode of access: Internet.

Descriptive catalogue of the original charters, royal grants, and donations ...

Mode of access: Internet.

An historical essay on the Magna Charta of King John : to which are added the Great Charter in Latin and English ; the charters of liberties and confirmations, granted by Henry III and Edward I ; the original charter of the forests ; and various authentic instruments connected with them ; explanatory notes on their several privileges ; a descriptive account of the principal originals and editions extant, both in print and manuscript /

Mode of access: Internet.

A guide to the autograph letters, manuscripts, original charters, and royal, baronial, and ecclesiastical seals exhibited in the Department of manuscripts and in the King's library.

Edited by Sir E. M. Thompson, keeper of mss.