Väkivaltaa naapurissa

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kung slår dam : våldsforskningsmetodologi i ett våldsamt jämställt Sverige

King captures queen. Methodology in research on violence in violently equal Sweden Research and debate on violence against women in a Swedish context is here discussed from a perspective that focuses on the different understandings and epistemological claims behind existing positions. I crystallize a dominant perspective on violence, centred around fragmentation/deviance, and a challenging feminist understanding, centred around coherence/normality. I relate these understandings to a wider set of methodological choices and epistemological claims within research on violence against women, captured in what I call a discourse on partner violence (fragmentation) and a feminist discourse on men’s violence against women (coherence). The article also examines the reactions, in media and academic life, that a quantitative study on men’s violence against women in Sweden provoked, Captured queen, men’s violence against women in equal Sweden. A prevalence study (Lundgren et al 2001). By applying a coherent methodological approach, stemming from the feminist discourse on violence against women, the study seems to have placed itself outside what was comprehensible for many voices in the debate (from media and the academic field). I discuss the hostile reactions the study aroused, in relation to its methodology and the above presented conflicting understandings that occupy the research field “violence against women”.

Bone morphology of the femur and tibia captured by statistical shape modelling predicts rapid bone loss in acute spinal cord injury patients

We would like to thank the study participants and the clinical and research staff at the Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injury Unit, as without them this study would not have been possible. We are grateful for the funding received from Glasgow Research Partnership in Engineering for the employment of SC during data collection for this study. We would like to thank the Royal Society of Edinburgh's Scottish Crucible scheme for providing the opportunity for this collaboration to occur. We are also indebted to Maria Dumitrascuta for her time and effort in producing inter-repeatability results for the shape models.

Bone morphology of the femur and tibia captured by statistical shape modelling predicts rapid bone loss in acute spinal cord injury patients

We would like to thank the study participants and the clinical and research staff at the Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injury Unit, as without them this study would not have been possible. We are grateful for the funding received from Glasgow Research Partnership in Engineering for the employment of SC during data collection for this study. We would like to thank the Royal Society of Edinburgh's Scottish Crucible scheme for providing the opportunity for this collaboration to occur. We are also indebted to Maria Dumitrascuta for her time and effort in producing inter-repeatability results for the shape models.

Pollen foraging in colonies of Melipona bicolor (Apidae, Meliponini): effects of season, colony size and queen number

We evaluated the ratio between the number of pollen foragers and the total number of bees entering colonies of Melipona bicolor, a facultative polygynous species of stingless bees. The variables considered in our analysis were: seasonality, colony size and the number of physogastric queens in each colony. The pollen forager ratios varied significantly between seasons; the ratio was higher in winter than in summer. However, colony size and number of queens per colony had no significant effect. We conclude that seasonal differences in pollen harvest are related to the production of sexuals and to the number of individuals and their body size.

The queen is dead-long live the workers: intraspecific parasitism by workers in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris

Insect societies are well known for their high degree of cooperation, but their colonies can potentially be exploited by reproductive workers who lay unfertilized, male eggs, rather than work for the good of the colony. Recently, it has also been discovered that workers in bumblebees and Asian honeybees can succeed in entering and parasitizing unrelated colonies to produce their own male offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such intraspecific worker parasitism might also occur in stingless bees, another group of highly social bees. Based on a large-scale genetic study of the species Melipona scutellaris, and the genotyping of nearly 600 males from 45 colonies, we show that similar to 20% of all males are workers` sons, but that around 80% of these had genotypes that were incompatible with them being the sons of workers of the resident queen. By tracking colonies over multiple generations, we show that these males were not produced by drifted workers, but rather by workers that were the offspring of a previous, superseded queen. This means that uniquely, workers reproductively parasitize the next-generation workforce. Our results are surprising given that most colonies were sampled many months after the previous queen had died and that workers normally only have a life expectancy of similar to 30 days. It also implies that reproductive workers greatly outlive all other workers. We explain our results in the context of kin selection theory, and the fact that it pays workers more from exploiting the colony if costs are carried by less related individuals.

Intraspecific queen parasitism in a highly eusocial bee

Insect societies are well-known for their advanced cooperation, but their colonies are also vulnerable to reproductive parasitism. Here, we present a novel example of an intra-specific social parasitism in a highly eusocial bee, the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. In particular, we provide genetic evidence which shows that, upon loss of the mother queen, many colonies are invaded by unrelated queens that fly in from unrelated hives nearby. The reasons for the occurrence of this surprising form of social parasitism may be linked to the fact that unlike honeybees, Melipona bees produce new queens in great excess of colony needs, and that this exerts much greater selection on queens to seek alternative reproductive options, such as by taking over other nests. Overall, our results are the first to demonstrate that queens in highly eusocial bees can found colonies not only via supersedure or swarming, but also by infiltrating and taking over other unrelated nests.

The insulin signaling pathway in honey bee (Apis mellifera) caste development - differential expression of insulin-like peptides and insulin receptors in queen and worker larvae

The insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved module in the control of body size and correlated organ growth in metazoans. In the highly eusocial bees, the caste phenotypes differ not only in size and several structural features but also in individual fitness and life history. We investigated the developmental expression profiles of genes encoding the two insulin-like peptides (AmILP-1 and AmILP-2) and the two insulin receptors (AmInR-1 and AmInR-2) predicted in the honey bee genome. Quantitative PCR analysis for queen and worker larvae in critical stages of caste development showed that AmILP-2 is the predominantly transcribed ILP in both castes, with higher expression in workers than in queens. Expression of both InR genes sharply declined in fourth instar queen larvae, but showed little modulation in workers. On first sight, these findings are non-intuitive, considering the higher growth rates of queens, but they can be interpreted as possibly antagonistic crosstalk between the IIS module and juvenile hormone. Analyzing AmInR-1 and AmInR-2 expression in ovaries of queen and worker larvae revealed low transcript levels in queens and a sharp drop in AmInR-2 expression in fifth instar worker larvae, indicating relative independence in tissue-specific versus overall IIS pathway activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.