Uso de indicadores bioquímicos na qualidade fisiológica de sementes florestais

The scientific research in seed technology is based on techniques that aim the reduction of costs and time, standardization, improvement and establishment of analytical methods while maintaining a high level of reliability of the results. This study sought to elucidate the reliability of electrical conductivity and pH of the exudate compared to the classic germination test, which was developed in two separate studies, however interrelated with each other, as to their final goals. The experimental material of this study consisted of seeds of the species Aspidosperma parvifolium (guatambu), Aspidosperma polyneuron (peroba-rosa), Cabralea canjerana (canjerana), Cariniana legalis (jequitibá), Gallesia integrifolia (pau-d'alho), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo), Lonchocarpus campestris (rabo-de-bugio) and Pterogyne nitens (amendoim-do-campo). The physiological quality of the studied seed species was evaluated through the electrical conductivity and pH test of the exudate by mass and individual methods being compared and correlated with the results obtained in the germination test. In addition to the tested methods, imbibition periods of the seeds were evaluated for conductivity and pH, which corresponded to 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was efficient in both of the used methods to evaluate the physiological quality of the studied seed species when compared to the standard germination test. The pH test of the exudate applied by the individual method was more efficient and thorough to evaluate the physiological quality of the studied seed species, than the mass method. For the species Gallesia integrifolia, Cariniana legalis and Lonchocarpus campestris the pH tests of the exudate tests were not efficient due to poor or absent correlation between germination and pH.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Moringa oleifera lam. por meio da análise de imagens

Several tests that evaluate the quality of seeds are destructive and require time, which is considered long and expensive in the processes that involves the production and marketing of seed. Thus, techniques that allow reducing the time related to assess the quality of seed lots is very favorable, considering the technical, economic and scientific point of view. The techniques images of seed analyzed both by X-ray such as digital images, represent alternative for this sector, and are considered reproducible and fast, giving greater flexibility and autonomy to the activities of production systems. Summarily, the objective was to analyze the internal morphology of seeds of this species through x-rayed images and the efficiency of weed seed area increased during soaking through image analysis and compare them with the results of germination tests and force the evaluation of physiological seed quality. For X-ray tests, the seeds were exposed for 0.14 seconds at radiation 40kV and 2.0 mAs. Were analyzed images using the ImageJ program and subsequently put to germinate in B.O.D chamber at 27 ° C, in which there was the comparison of results for germination. To determine the test area increase (% IA), seeds were used with and without seed coat, maintained the B.O.D chamber at 15 ° to 20 ° C, the seeds were photographed before and after the soaking period, the results were compared to the germination rates. For the X-ray test, it was observed that seeds with empty area greater than 20%, showed a higher percentage of abnormal seedlings. And the area increment analysis showed that it is possible to rank the batch after 8 hours of imbibition at 15 ° C according to the germination and vigor tests

Espécies arbóreas nativas ornamentais do Rio Grande do Norte

The Caatinga and Atlantic Forest exhibit great species richness, which can attend requirements for various uses. Considering the current level of degradation of vegetation in Rio Grande do Norte, and the increasing use of exotic species, it is urgent to perform actions for the conservation of these biomes. From this perspective, using native plant species in the urban forestry becomes an instrument for the conservation and enhancement of local biodiversity. In this context, the general objective of this study is to gather and provide information about the ornamental native tree species in the state in order to promote and disseminate their use in urban areas. Specific aims of this work are: (1) evaluate and verify the demand and maintenance costs of native and exotic urban forestry, comparatively, with data obtained in the state (Cap. 1); (2) Provide a ornamental native tree species list in the state, including species already widespread use and suggesting new elements with ornamental potential (Cap. 2); and (3) produce a guide of native tree species as a means of disseminating the results obtained in a way accessible to the society. Analysis of maintenance of urban trees was performed at the UFRN's Central Campus, and the ornamental native tree species survey was carried out through literature survey combined with expeditions to forest fragments in the state. As a result, it was obvious that the maintenance of native vegetation resulted in lower costs and least demand for services highlighting the visible advantage in using a afforestation with regionalized floristic composition. The survey of ornamental native tree species led to the selection of 95 species belonging to 30 families, 17 species (17.35%) occurring exclusively in the Caatinga, 27 species (25.55%) in the Atlantic Forest and more than half (55.10%) occurring in both biomes, which provides a good selection available for the composition of urban forestry, both for cities located in the area of Atlantic Forest (81 spp.) or for those located in the Caatinga (71 spp.). From these results, a guide for the recognition and cultivation of native ornamental trees was prepared, consisting in the initial step in the enhancement of existing floristic potential value with the aim to assist in the development of a regionalized perspective of urban environmental management in the state

Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. Em função do manejo microbiano, sob estresse salino

The sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) is an endemic species of the Caatinga biome, considered tolerant to salt and water stress. The process of salinization of soil and groundwater and surface water is one of the most important problems of environmental degradation, with its harmful effects being more pronounced in the areas of arid and semiarid regions, and rapidly growing in many parts of the globe, causing problems of the major crop yield. Organic conditioners as barnyard manure, and rice hulls can contribute to reducing the PST, possibly due to the release of CO2 and the production of organic acids during the decomposition of organic matter, and act as sources of calcium and magnesium and inhibit the availability sodium. The intimate association of mycorrhizae and beneficial to plants results in increased uptake of water and nutrients by plants, especially phosphorus, due to their low mobility in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of thrush seedlings under inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and fertilized with manure corral and irrigated with water of different salinity levels. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions of vegetation on the premises of the Agricultural School of Jundiaí - UFRN, Campus Macaíba. The adopted statistical design was randomized composed of twelve treatments - three substrates (sterile soil, manure and FMA), four salinity levels (0.2, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dS m-1 ) and five repetitions, totaling sixty experimental units. The results indicate that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi own contributions to the growth of plants, especially in roots and shoots, which suggests that its application is beneficial in establishing thrush plants in natural conditions, with poor soil in P. Levels salinity caused no effects with statistical significance in plant development, indicating Sabia resistance to it.

Apomixia determinando a estrutura genética de uma população de Plinia cauliflora no sudoeste do Paraná

CAPES

Ciências florestais e biológicas (CIFLORBIO)

This book is a final product of teachers initiative of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil, to increase information about forestry and biological sciences, produced by researchers from different and valuable institutions of the country. It is organized in five chapters, and the first is concerned with nutrient cycling through litter in natural ecosystems in Brazil. The second text is about the negative effects on soil properties in areas of natural trails. The third is about the forest extraction as means of reducing social and environmental vulnerability. Also in the line of research on soil, the fourth chapter discusses the physical attributes in a forest plantation. Last but not least, the fifth paper presents geostatistics applied to the characterization of forests.

Modelagem do crescimento e produção em povoamentos desbastados de Eucalyptus grandis

The aim of the study was to develop a system of growth and yield models for thinned stands of Eucalyptus spp.; and to assess the behavior of the growth in scenarios with 10% decrease or increase in rainfall. The probability distribution functions Weibull 2 and 3 parameters and Johnson SB for different methods were fitted. Correlation between the fitted parameters with age was evaluated. Dominant height growth behavior was evaluated to check if thinned stand changes its growth when compared to a non-thinned stands. The stand variables dominant height and basal area were projected and simultaneously predicted and projected, respectively. Individual tree equations were fitted, which were fitted as functions of stand level variables in order to decrease the error propagation. R software was used to fit all the proposed models and consequently all the fitted models were evaluated by their parameters significance (F-test) and graphs of predicted values in relation to the observed values around the 1:1 line. Thus, the prognosis system was made by two ways, first one using the full data set, and for the second one the dataset was restricted at age 7.5. Increase and decrease in 20% of rainfall were assessed by updating the site index function. Method of moments was the most precise to describe the diameter distribution for every age in eucalyptus stands for Johnson SB and Weibull 2 parameters pdfs. When observed for each pdf the correlation for their fitted parameters with age, we noticed that shape parameters for a thinned stand were no longer correlated with age, differently of non-thinned stands. Thus, thinning effect was accounted in the basal area prediction and projection modeling. This result emphasized the necessity of applying the Parameter Recovery method in order to assess differences and capture the right pattern for thinned and non-thinned stands in the future. Dominant height was not influenced by thinning intensity. Therefore the fitted Chapman-Richards model did not account for a stand being thinned or not. All the fitted equations behaved with good precision, no matter using full or precocious dataset. The prognosis system using full and/or precocious date set was evaluated for when using Parameter Recovery method for Sb and Weibull pdfs, and by then, graphical analysis and precision statistics showed appropriated results. Finally, the increase or decrease in rainfall regime were observed for eucalyptus stand yields and we may notice how important is to observe this effect, since the growth pattern is strictly affected by water.

Caracterização de frutos, divergência genética e estrutura espacial de jaboticabeiras nativas de fragmento florestal em Clevelândia - PR

To design strategies for the conservation and use of genetic resources of tree species such as jaboticaba tree, it is essential to make the characterization. In southwestern Paraná region, there are several forest fragments containing native jaboticaba tree (Plinia cauliflora), whose materials have broad potential for commercial orchards or breeding programs. As is the potential genetic diversity of a population to produce different genotypes, it would be able to start in such a characterization one of these fragments. The aim was to characterize fruits of jaboticaba tree (P. caulifora) of forest fragment kept in Clevelândia - PR for the presence of phenotypic variability, seeking to identify those superiors named for future selection as farming or male parent, as well as estimate genetic divergence between them, as a complementary tool for this purpose. Also, verify the regeneration and spatial distribution of the species. For the study was defined portion of a hectare (10.000 m²), with all individuals identified, mapped, with local coordinate system, and measured height and diameter. Fruits were characterized by sensory and biochemical characteristics in two years, 70 genotypes at 2013 and 56 at 2014, and of these 33 genotypes in both years. As a pre-selection criteria was adopted the choice of 20% of the genotypes that showed the highest frequency of superiority in the evaluated characteristics of the fruit. Genetic divergence among 33 genotypes per year was analyzed. The distribution pattern and spatial association was evaluated by Ripley's K function. It was classified for the first time the following ontogenetic stages of jaboticaba tree, by plant height, seedling (from 0.01 to 0.99 m), juvenile (1.0 to 4.99 m), immature (> 5.0 m, non-reproductive), adult (reproductive). It was also have been describe for the first time the naturally occurring juxtaposed seedlings, indicating polyembryony. The number of regenerating identified in the population (seedlings: n = 2163; juveniles: n = 330; immature: n = 59) was much larger than the number of adults (n = 132). The species showed reverse J-shaped size structure standard, with high concentration of regenerating. The regeneration distribution occurs in aggregate pattern and there is seedling-adult dependence, due seed dispersal and seedling emergence closest to mothers. The jaboticaba tree regeneration is sufficient to maintain the species for long term in this population, which should serve as reference to regeneration success for other studies of this important fruiting species from Ombrofile Mixed Forests. Has been pre-selected the jaboticaba trees 7, 42, 43, 47, 54, 91, 97, 104, 105, 118, 134, 153, 154, 157, 163, 169, 177, 186, 212, J7-01 and J7- 02, and 16 and 194 the ones that can now be selected by the superior characteristics of both cycles. It was recommended to carry out hybridization between genotypes 79 and 119, and 96 to 148. The quality of fruit analyzed showed potential for use as a dual purpose serving both in natura market or processing.

Processos de inovação curricular : a experiência dos cursos de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal do Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

Esta dissertação aborda os processos de inovação curricular dos Cursos de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal do Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, enquanto um movimento que ainda está acontecendo, com o objetivo de compreender o que significam mudanças curriculares inovadoras e contribuir com reflexões sobre a formação dos profissionais da Área das Ciências Agrárias. Esta área apresenta problemas que se agravaram nas últimas décadas. Para atender a necessidade de maior produtividade, mecanizou-se, passando a utilizar os recursos naturais como se fossem inesgotáveis, acarretando enormes problemas ambientais. Com isso, exige-se rever a formação desses profissionais, buscando maior comprometimento com o modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável, englobando os aspectos econômico, social e ambiental. A opção metodológica para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi a qualitativa, na perspectiva da pesquisa participante, pois houve uma atuação prolongada e comprometida da minha parte como pesquisadora, assim como dos demais participantes da pesquisa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram aqueles diretamente envolvidos com o processo de mudança, professores dos Colegiados de Curso, uma representação de alunos dos diversos semestres, egressos e agricultores da Região do COREDE/Centro1. No primeiro capítulo discuto a importância das determinações das políticas públicas e institucionais na definição dos currículos. No segundo, o referencial teórico que diferencia as concepções de currículo, reforma e inovação no ensino superior, emanadas da Nova Sociologia da Educação e da Teoria Crítica do Currículo, em autores que vêem o currículo como uma construção cultural, imbricado no contexto sócio-cultural onde é gerado e desenvolvido. Examino também as racionalidades que orientam ou podem orientar o profissional em relação às questões ambientais No terceiro, faço a descrição da dinâmica do processo de mudança curricular, detalhando como foi desencadeado com a finalidade de apontar caminhos para outras experiências de reformulação curricular, inclusive na própria Universidade. No quarto, analiso como os sujeitos-participantes interpretam as legislações e vêem os problemas e perspectivas para os currículos, quais sejam: a concepção de currículo e de ensino; a função social atribuída aos cursos, a falta de integração entre as disciplinas e a desatualização dos currículos. Incluo ainda, a visão externa da atuação profissional dos egressos formados pelos currículos vigentes. No quinto, analiso a importância da inserção ambiental nos currículos. E, finalmente no sexto, faço as considerações finais a que cheguei nesta pesquisa. No processo de mudança curricular dos cursos estudados, observam-se sinais de inovação curricular, devido ao modo como está acontecendo esse processo, valorizando a participação de todos os segmentos nas discussões e tomada de decisões, mas também pelo currículo que está sendo construído, não se restringindo a formação de caráter técnico, incluindo as dimensões social, política, cultural e ambiental. Ressalte-se ainda que sua reelaboração deverá inserir seus currículos em forma de Projetos Político-Pedagógicos de Curso, como forma consistente de organização de um curso.

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias

Dado que la investigación científica es una función ineludible de toda Universidad y que la publicación de sus resultados es la manera de validarlos y difundirlos, la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo edita semestralmente su Revista para cumplir tales objetivos dentro de las áreas de la Agronomía, la Bromatología, los Recursos naturales renovables y especialidades afines.

Implementación del protocolo de depósitos OK-CASAFE en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la UCA

Resumen: Los agroquímicos son definidos por FAO como “cualquier sustancia o mezcla de sustancias destinadas a prevenir, destruir o controlar cualquier plaga que perjudique o interfiera en la producción agrícola”. Durante el transporte, almacenamiento y utilización de los mismos se corre el riesgo de sufrir intoxicaciones y de ocasionar daños al medio ambiente. El correcto transporte y seguro almacenamiento y utilización de agroquímicos es un punto clave para minimizar estos riesgos. Existe normativa y programas internacionales que brindan los lineamientos para el correcto almacenamiento de agroquímicos. La República Argentina no posee normativa sobre este tema. Sin embargo existe el Programa de Certificación en Seguridad de Depósitos de Agroquímicos denominado “Depósitos OK” perteneciente a la Cámara de Sanidad Agropecuaria y Fertilizantes (CASAFE). Considerando que una universidad como la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) debe ser ejemplo del correcto transporte, almacenamiento y utilización de agroquímicos y ante la ausencia de normativa oficial sobre almacenamiento de agroquímicos; En este trabajo se analizó en forma crítica la implementación del Programa “Depósitos OK” en el depósito de agroquímicos de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA) de la UCA. En base al análisis realizado se elaboraron tres alternativas para la implementación de mejoras en materia de seguridad y calidad de almacenamiento de agroquímicos.

Certificação florestal

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VI - Direito Agrário e Política Fundiária.

Un nuevo perfil para los profesionales en ciencias agrarias del próximo siglo

p.199-212

“No fim não vai ficar nada”: exploração dos recursos florestais em Cabo Delgado relatório do trabalho de campo em Namiune, Nkonga e 5º Congresso: Relatório do trabalho de campo nas concessões COMADEL e a FMJ, Cabo Delgado, Novembro de 2010

This report focuses on forest product users in the COMADEL and FMJ forest concessions, Cabo Delgado, as well as the effects of their combined strategies and activities on sustainable use of natural resources and sustainable socio-economic development of the region. The aim is to contribute to understanding the effects of these strategies and activities on forest regeneration, ecosystem services and on resource sustainability. The study examines the role played by the Committees of Natural Resources in forest exploitation. Data obtained from interviews and observations were used to complement and update a variety of existing data from oral and written sources dealing with forest regeneration in Cabo Delgado. These existing materials originate from previous studies conducted in the context of the ESAPP project that started more than two years ago. They include results from Learning for Sustainability workshops (LforS, http://www.cde.unibe.ch/Pages/Project/2/14/Learningfor- Sustainability-Extension-Approach.aspx), as well as field reports, academic studies, management plans used by concessionaires, and others. The interviews and observations took place more or less continuously from the beginning of this phase of the project in 2008. Interviews were systematically conducted with owners of concessions operating in the region, employees of logging companies, residents of villages within the existing concessions, government officials and others. It was not possible to collect information directly from poachers in part due to the illegal nature of their work. Information on these activities was obtained indirectly through members of the Committees of Natural Resources, the concessionaire, and its workers, as well as by observing the traces of extraction – traps, bones and parts of slaughtered animals, tree stumps, material ready for transportation, etc. The main results indicate that extraction by the logging company MITI Ltd. and others acting in the region, by poachers and by other actors – e.g. sawyers using manual saws – put a lot of pressure on marketable species, particularly Millettia stuhlmannii, Afzelia quanzensis and Swartzia madagascariensis. Natural regeneration of forests in northern Cabo Delgado is being compromised by the combination of various extracting activities and uncontrolled fires. MITI Ltd. continued the pattern of exploitation of forest resources that was characteristic of companies operating in the region earlier, such as COMADEL. MITI Ltd. failed to implement the broad range of development and conservation activities encouraged by the new legislation on forest concessions that was created to promote sustainable use of resources.

¿Quién es la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias? : : desarrollo del modelo de la identidad institucional de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.

Poseer una Identidad Visual es una de las estrategias fundamentales de comunicación de las empresas e instituciones y es aplicada en la actualidad en forma creciente. Esta estrategia genera modos, procesos de identificación y la presencia de una imagen visual que actúa como un sistema mnemotécnico, el cual a su vez produce en el medio una inmediata identificación de la institución. En la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (en adelante FCA), para difundir sus diversas actividades, han proliferado distintos signos visuales que no guardan relación entre sí, lo que ha perjudicado su identificación. El objetivo de esta investigación es lograr un Modelo de Identidad Institucional que permita generar un sistema de signos que comuniquen, en forma coherente y sistemática, sus funciones y actividades. Se obtuvieron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos de los procesos internos de la institución y de aquéllos dirigidos al medio, que permitieron la construcción del Discurso de Identidad Institucional de la FCA, o sea el conjunto de características de identidad de la misma. De esta forma se definió la base conceptual que permitió obtener siete propuestas gráficas de sistemas de identidad con una variedad de formas, textos, texturas y colores.