Self-reported Body Changes and Associated Factors in Persons Living with HIV

The study aimed at verifying the associated factors of self-perceived body changes in adults living with HIV in highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted among people living with HIV on HAART for at least three months. A standardized questionnaire was used for assessing self-perceived body changes. Associated factors relating to self-reported body changes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) were assessed with Student`s t-test and chi-square test. In total, 507 patients were evaluated. The mean time since diagnosis was 6.6 years [standard deviation (SD)+/-4.1], and the mean duration of HAART was 5.1 years (SD+/-3.3). Self-perceived body changes were reported by 79.5% of the participants and were associated with viral load and duration of HAART. Fibre intake was lower among males who gained in abdominal fat (p=0.035). HAART-related body changes were reported by the large majority of the population and were associated with demographic and clinical variables.

Body changes: antiretroviral therapy and lipodystrophy syndrome in people living with HIV/aids

Objective: to identify the different types of morphological alterations from lipodystrophy syndrome (LS) in outpatients and relate them to the therapeutic regimen used. Method: a cross-sectional study which recruited 60 patients with HIV and LS and 79 without LS, who consented to interview and data collection from their medical notes. Results: the region most affected by lipoatrophy was the face; by lipohypertrophy, the abdomen, and by the mixed form, the alterations to the abdomen, face, and upper and lower limbs. Conclusion: among the therapeutic regimens, that comprised of zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz seemed to protect against LS. Nursing can act in the early identification of the changes, as well as providing guidance and support for patients affected by the changes in their body image.

SPO21 Is Required for Meiosis-specific Modification of the Spindle Pole Body in Yeast

During meiosis II in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole body changes from a site of microtubule initiation to a site of de novo membrane formation. These membranes are required to package the haploid meiotic products into spores. This functional change in the spindle pole body involves the expansion and modification of its cytoplasmic face, termed the outer plaque. We report here that SPO21 is required for this modification. The Spo21 protein localizes to the spindle pole in meiotic cells. In the absence of SPO21 the structure of the outer plaque is abnormal, and prospore membranes do not form. Further, decreased dosage of SPO21 leaves only two of the four spindle pole bodies competent to generate membranes. Mutation of CNM67, encoding a known component of the mitotic outer plaque, also results in a meiotic outer plaque defect but does not block membrane formation, suggesting that Spo21p may play a direct role in initiating membrane formation.

Pedagogia da roda ginástica (alemã) : análise da proposta metodológica desenvolvida no clube Bayer Leverkusen na Alemanha

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

The association between osteoporosis and static balance in elderly women

This study aimed at answering the question: do people with high bone loss have greater postural instability? Groups were separated into group 1: women with normal bone mineral density, group 2: women with osteopenia, and group 3: women with osteoporosis. The balance was evaluated in four upright postural situations. Osteoporosis group had greater oscillation in the anteroposterior displacement in all situations compared to control group and the greatest mediolateral displacement in all situations compared to other groups. It is not known whether the presence of osteoporosis can be considered a factor aggravating the postural control. This study aimed at answering the question: do people with high bone loss have greater postural instability? This study was divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 20) consisting of women with normal bone mineral density, group 2 (n = 20) women with osteopenia, and group 3 (n = 20) women with osteoporosis. All the participants were submitted to evaluation of the balance using the Polhemus system in four upright postural situations. Osteoporosis group had greater oscillation in the anteroposterior displacement in all situations compared to control group. The osteoporosis group also showed the greatest mediolateral displacement in all situations compared to other groups. The results suggest that osteoporotic women had the worst balance, possibly due to the more pronounced body changes compared to non-osteoporotic women.

Facial Lipoatrophy: Appearances Are Not Deceiving

Lipodystrophy syndrome (LS) has been reported as visible markers that cat? identify HIV status. Changes in body shape are detrimental in terms of psychological welfare and may affect well-being and increase the stigma associated with HIV disease. In the current study, the pychosocial impact of LS was evaluated. A total of 84 HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and exhibiting dyslipidemia were interviewed in an urban hospital setting in Brazil in 2006 using a standardized questionnaire. Of the 84 patients exhibiting dyslipidemia, 40 patients also exhibited body changes, and of these, 25 had facial lipoatrophy. From a psychosocial perspective, patients presenting with facial lipoatrophy reported alterations in self-image and self-esteem and believed that other people noticed their body changes. The results are relevant for nurses who need to be well-prepared to recognize lipodystrophy, to implement nursing interventions including lifestyle changes, and to provide psychosocial support to patients with LS.

Sexual dimorphism in Amphisbaena nigricauda (Reptilia, Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from Southeastern Brazil

Amphisbaena nigricauda Gans, 1966 is a small, poorly known amphisbaenid endemic to the restinga of the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. We analyze 178 specimens collected in Vitória municipality, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, to investigate whether this species show sexual dimorphism in pre-cloacal pores and in morphological characters. Sex was determined by a ventral incision and direct inspection of gonads. A PCA analysis was performed to generate a general body size measurement. A T test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were used to assess whether this species show sexual dimorphism on five morphometric and five meristic characters, respectively. Sex could not be determined in 36 specimens because they were mutilated in the posterior portion of their bodies. The diagnosis of the species is redefined based on this sample size: the smallest number of body annuli changes from 222 to 192, the number of dorsal and ventral segments in an annulus in the middle of the body changes to 9-11/13-16 (instead of 10/16), and the autotomic tail annulus lies between annulus 7-10 (instead of 6-9). The number of tail annuli remained within the known range of variation of the species (19-24). None of the 80 females analyzed showed pre-cloacal pores, whereas within males 59 out of 62 specimens displayed four and two specimens displayed five pre-cloacal pores. A single male did not possess pre-cloacal pores, but showed irregular scales on its cloacal region. Sex-based difference based on presence or absence of pre-cloacal pores as well as males with wider head was seen in other Neotropical amphisbaenids. However, a pattern of body size differences between males and females has not been identified so far in the few amphisbaenid species studied in this regard. Further studies on this taxonomic group are still needed to elucidate the existence of general patterns of sexual dimorphism and to identify the selective pressures driving these patterns.

Procesos oncológicos y afectación de la imagen corporal

El cáncer es una enfermedad de elevada incidencia que puede desencadenar diferentes modificaciones que afectan a la autopercepción de la imagen corporal y comprometer la calidad de vida del individuo. Objetivos: Analizar los cambios corporales que se derivan del proceso oncológico y de los tratamientos aplicables. Por otro lado, se pretende averiguar cómo repercuten dichos cambios en la calidad de vida del paciente, identificar las consecuencias psicológicas y analizar las posibles intervenciones enfermeras. Material y métodos: Revisión de la literatura a través de la consulta de diferentes bases de datos. Resultados: La localización del tumor es un factor atribuible a la afectación de la imagen corporal, siendo los tumores más visibles los que comportan un mayor impacto en el individuo. Por otro lado, los diferentes tratamientos antineoplásicos así como la propia progresión del proceso tumoral conllevan, en muchos casos, cambios importantes en la apariencia física del paciente que afectan a su bienestar psicológico. La enfermera tiene un papel primordial en la identificación y manejo de problemas relacionados con la imagen corporal de los pacientes oncológicos. Establecer una relación terapéutica basada en la confianza, ofrecer apoyo emocional, así como orientar sobre posibles recursos para disminuir el impacto de los cambios físicos, son algunas de las intervenciones que este colectivo puede realizar para mejorar la autoestima y facilitar la aceptación de la nueva imagen corporal. Conclusiones: Los cambios corporales derivados del proceso neoplásico o sus tratamientos provocan un fuerte impacto emocional en el paciente y alteran su calidad de vida. Por este motivo, es aconsejable la aplicación de medidas dirigidas a favorecer la adaptación del paciente a su nueva apariencia física, a través de una atención integral y personalizada. Palabras clave: imagen corporal, cáncer, cirugía, quimioterapia, calidad de vida, anorexia-caquexia.

Impacto de la auto - percepción de imagen corporal en sujetos con VIH y lipoatrofia facial.

La lipoatrofia facial es uno de los efectos secundarios que con más frecuencia se presenta y afecta la calidad de vida del paciente con VIH que recibe tratamiento antiretroviral. Metodología: Estudio observacional de corte transversal que involucró 126 sujetos, a quienes se aplicó una encuesta semi-estructurada para determinar cómo percibe el paciente que la lipoatrofia facial lo afecta en áreas afectiva, social, laboral y ocupacional; evaluar la percepción de la imagen corporal; caracterizar sociodemográficamente; determinar la prevalencia de lipoatrofia facial y establecer si hay diferencias de percepción de la imagen corporal según la caracterización sociodemográfica. Resultados: La Prevalencia de lipoatrofia facial fue del 57.1%. El grado de satisfacción en cuanto a apariencia física tuvo un promedio de 5.01±2.69. El 88.7% y 80.3% de los pacientes evaluados sintieron tristeza y frustración con su apariencia respectivamente. El 53.5% y el 42.9% informaron menos oportunidades laborales y educativas. La orientación sexual reportada con mayor frecuencia fue homosexualidad. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grado de satisfacción de apariencia con aspectos sociodemográficos excepto en pacientes que recibieron apoyo psicológico. Conclusión: Primer estudio en el país que evalúa el impacto de la lipoatrofia facial en pacientes con VIH y tratamiento antiretroviral. Aunque la presencia de lipoatrofia facial sobre la cotidianidad no es estadísticamente significativa, si resulta trascendental pues existen porcentajes importantes de emociones y alteraciones psicológicas que afectan directamente a estos sujetos en las áreas afectiva, social, laboral y ocupacional. Se hace necesaria la realización de más estudios que permitan obtener mayor de evidencia.

Glacially striated, soft sediment surfaces on late Paleozoic tillite at São Luiz do Purunã, PR

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da radioterapia sobre o estado nutricional, gasto energético e níveis corpóreos de minerais em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Percepção da imagem corporal em mulheres com depressão

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Sexualidade e envelhecimento na percepção de pessoas idosas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento do útero grávido e da glândula mamária e mudanças corporais em cabras leiteiras durante a gestação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e moleculares do papilomavírus genital em adolescentes gestantes

O câncer cervical representa o terceiro câncer mais comum no mundo. Tem como agente etiológico o HPV. O HPV é a doença sexualmente transmissível mais prevalente no mundo, sendo que a faixa etária mais acometida é de mulheres jovens. A adolescência é uma época de transformações corporais, sociais e comportamentais, que se reflete no despertar consciente da adolescente pelo sexo, o que pode levar ao contato com as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e à gravidez prematura. Sendo assim, é uma época na qual a mulher está mais susceptível a infecção, como a do HPV. Dedicou-se a estimar a prevalência de HPV e avaliar os fatores associados a essa infecção em gestantes adolescentes no Sistema Único de Saúde de Belém, Estado do Pará. Foi um estudo transversal prospectivo incluindo 257 grávidas de 12 a 19 anos assistidas nas unidades de saúde municipal (Curió e Tapanã) e estadual (Unidade de Referência Materno-infantil e ambulatório da Mulher do Hospital Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará). As pacientes selecionadas foram submetidas a um questionário clínico epidemiológico e a colheita de material cervico-vaginal para detecção de DNA-HPV por técnica da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A associação da infecção por HPV e fatores de risco selecionados foram avaliadas por meio do teste do Qui-quadrado (χ2) e/ou exato de Fisher, todos com um nível alfa de significância de 0,05. A prevalência do HPV foi de 38,1% (98/257) acometendo preferencialmente adolescentes no terceiro trimestre gestacional (44,4%, p=0,0312), entre 11 e 14 anos, com menos de 6 anos de estudo e as que não possuíam companheiro. Os fatores de risco associados com a infecção pelo HPV na população, podendo variar também de acordo com o trimestre, foram “2 ou mais parceiros na vida”, “primeira gestação” e “problemas genitais”. Estes achados mostram a susceptibilidade das adolescentes à infecção pelo HPV e, consequentemente, ao desenvolvimento de lesões pré-neoplásicas e malignas. Com isso, há necessidade de políticas públicas educativas na promoção da saúde.