Memoria anual de las aguas y baños minero-medicinales de Sobrón, y su adjunto de Villanueva de Soportilla /

Incluye dos cuadros estadisticos de bañistas, por procedencia y clase y otro de concurrentes no bañistas.

Memoria de las aguas alcalinas frias de Sobrón en la provincia de Alava, en la temporada de 1866 /

Incluye cuadros estadísticos.

Aguas minerales de Sobron, gaseoso-alcalinas y de Villanueva Soportilla alcalino-carbonatadas, próximas á Miranda de Ebro.

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoria compendiada descriptiva y analítica,de las aguas sulfhidrico-salinoferruginosas de Luyando,Alava : 1865 /

Incluye cuadros estadísticos.

Memoria de los baños de Aramayona,provincia de Alava,en cumplimiento al artículo 90 de reglamento orgánico de 11 de marzo último,y correspondiente á la temporada oficial de 1868 /

Incluye dos cuadros estadísticos reglamentarios.

Memoria anual de los baños de Aramayona correspondiente al año de 1863 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoria de los baños de Aramayona correspondiente al año de 1865 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoria anual de los baños de Aramayona correspondiente al año de 1862 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Baños de Santa Filomena, en Gomillaz : gran establecimiento de aguas sulfohídricas sulfuradas de Santa Filomena, en la provincia de Álava : noticias acerca del mismo y de las propiedades medicinales de sus aguas.

Mode of access: Internet.

A lava park in Spain

The lava park is surrounded by the volcanic mountains of Les Preses, revealed as the edges of a vast caldera and repeated at a human scale with low walls made up of small volcanic boulders. These walls are evidence of how successive communities have gradually worked amongst this lava flow to create arable land, supported by rich soils. The people saw the land prosper and learned how to maximise its productivity. Boulders that had come to the surface during agricultural cultivation were moved with human labour to create "artigas“, the characteristic pilings of volcanic stone. They have been used to raise and lower areas, to create shelter and exposure for their crops and to make caves for storage. Amongst all this, paths weave and cross. The whole place is made up of grey and black rocks with a constant cover of green crops or grass.

Thermal stability of newberyite Mg(PO3OH)•3H2O – a cave mineral from Skipton lava tubes, Victoria, Australia.

The mineral newberyite Mg(PO3OH)•3H2O is a mineral that has been found in caves such as the Skipton Lava Tubes (SW of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia), Moorba cave, Jurien Bay, Western Australia, and in the Petrogale Cave (Madura , Eucla, Western Australia). Because these minerals contain water, the minerals lend themselves to thermal analysis. The mineral newberyite is found to decompose at 145°C with a water loss of 31.96%, a result which is very close to the theoretical value. The result shows that the mineral is not stable in caves where the temperature exceeds this value. The implication of this result rests with the removal of kidney stones, which have the same composition as newberyite. Point heating focussing on the kidney stone results in the destruction of the kidney stone.

Fred’s Flow (Canada) and Murphy Well (Australia) : thick komatiitic lava flows with contrasting compositions, emplacement mechanisms and water contents

Two Archaean komatiitic flows, Fred’s Flow in Canada and the Murphy Well Flow in Australia, have similar thicknesses (120 and 160 m) but very different compositions and internal structures. Their contrasting differentiation profiles are keys to determine the cooling and crystallization mechanisms that operated during the eruption of Archaean ultramafic lavas. Fred’s Flow is the type example of a thick komatiitic basalt flow. It is strongly differentiated and consists of a succession of layers with contrasting textures and compositions. The layering is readily explained by the accumulation of olivine and pyroxene in a lower cumulate layer and by evolution of the liquid composition during downward growth of spinifex-textured rocks within the upper crust. The magmas that erupted to form Fred’s Flow had variable compositions, ranging from 12 to 20 wt% MgO, and phenocryst contents from 0 to 20 vol%. The flow was emplaced by two pulses. A first ~20-m-thick pulse was followed by another more voluminous but less magnesian pulse that inflated the flow to its present 120 m thickness. Following the second pulse, the flow crystallized in a closed system and differentiated into cumulates containing 30–38 wt% MgO and a residual gabbroic layer with only 6 wt% MgO. The Murphy Well Flow, in contrast, has a remarkably uniform composition throughout. It comprises a 20-m-thick upper layer of fine-grained dendritic olivine and 2–5 vol% amygdales, a 110–120 m intermediate layer of olivine porphyry and a 20–30 m basal layer of olivine orthocumulate. Throughout the flow, MgO contents vary little, from only 30 to 33 wt%, except for the slightly more magnesian basal layer (38–40 wt%). The uniform composition of the flow and dendritic olivine habits in the upper 20 m point to rapid cooling of a highly magnesian liquid with a composition like that of the bulk of the flow. Under equilibrium conditions, this liquid should have crystallized olivine with the composition Fo94.9, but the most magnesian composition measured by electron microprobe in samples from the flow is Fo92.9. To explain these features, we propose that the parental liquid contained around 32 wt% MgO and 3 wt% H2O. This liquid degassed during the eruption, creating a supercooled liquid that solidified quickly and crystallized olivine with non-equilibrium textures and compositions.

[A_Laguardia_SanJuan] Levantamiento fotogramétrico de la portada Sur o “de los abuelos” de la iglesia de San Juan de Laguardia (Álava)

[ES] La documentación contenida en este registro ha servido de base para los siguientes documentos:

[A_Elvillar_Hechicera] Documentación geométrica del dolmen de la Chabola de la Hechicera (Elvillar, Álava)

[ES] Tumba megalítica compuesta por 17 losas de gran tamaño, incluida la tapa. La estructura ocupa un espacio de 10 x 4 metros en planta, unos 4 metros de altura en la cámara. Conserva restos del túmulo que forma aproximadamente un círculo de unos 10 metros de radio.

[A_Vitoria_Mariturri] Registro fotogramétrico de la cisterna del yacimiento arqueológico de Mariturri (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava)

[ES] Yacimiento arqueológico a las afueras de la ciudad de Vitora-Gasteiz que han sido afectadas por la urbanización de Zabalgana. Se trata de restos muy arrasados de varios edificios de los que sólo se conserva su interpretación en planta aunque excepcionalmente se conserva algún alzado.