35 resultados para Arzneimittel
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Die Ende Oktober 2009 vom Bundesrat eröffnete ordentliche Revision des Heilmittelgesetzes sieht im Bereich der Kinderarzneimittel erhebliche Neuerungen vor. Zur Verbesserung der Versorgung mit sicheren Kinderarzneimitteln soll in der Schweiz ein in Europa und den USA bereits etabliertes Anreizsystem für die Pharmaindustrie eingeführt werden. Das Ziel der Neuerungen ist die Anpassung des schweizerischen Heilmittelrechts an europäische Standards, wodurch die Versorgung mit pädiatrischen Arzneimitteln verbessert und die Sicherheit der Medikation in der Pädiatrie erhöht werden soll.
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Arzneimittel für seltene Krankheiten (orphan drugs) lassen sich unter normalen Marktbedingungen kaum kostendeckend erforschen, entwickeln und vermarkten, was zu einem Mangel an geeigneten Therapien und zugelassenen Arzneimitteln für seltene Krankheiten führt. Um den fortdauernden Ausschluss von betroffenen Patienten vom medizinischen Fortschritt zu verhindern und die Defizite in der Erforschung und Entwicklung von orphan drugs zu beseitigen, schuf die Europäische Union – nach US-amerikanischem Vorbild – ein Anreizsystem. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen für orphan drugs in der EU und zeigt auf, dass die Schweiz in der Schaffung günstiger Rahmenbedingungen für Patientinnen und Patienten, die an einer seltenen Krankheit leiden, anderen Ländern um Jahre hinter her hinkt, sich aber allmählich etwas tut.
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Contiene: Vol. 1 (VIII, 816 p.), Vol. 2 ([1] h., 914 p.)
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Contiene : Vol.1 - Vol. 2.
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Theses--Bern.
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"Aus des verfassers Lehrbuch der pharmaceutischen chemie und pharmacognosie besonders abgedruckt."
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Bibliographical footnotes.
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A method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of 6,7-dimethylesculetin (CAS 120-08-1) and geniposide (CAS 24512-63-8) in rat plasma has been developed, using validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with solid phase extraction (SPE). The HPLC analysis was performed on a commercially available column (200 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with acetonitrile-methanol-0.1% aqueous formic acid as mobile phase and the UV detection at 343 nm and 238 nm for 6,7-dimethylesculetin and geniposide, respectively. The calibration curves for 6,7-dimethylesculetin and geniposide were linear over the range 0.4-25.6 microg/mL and 1.12-71.68 microg/mL, respectively. The lower limits of quantitation were 0.40 microg/ mL and 1.12 microg/mL, and the lower limits of detection were 0.06 microg/mL and 0.09 microg/ mL, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision for 6,7-dimethylesculetin and geniposide were < 5%, whereas the absolute recovery percentages were > 74%. A successful application of the developed HPLC analysis was demonstrated for the pharmacokinetic study of a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula of Yin Chen Hao Tang preparation.
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High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with the solid phase extraction method was developed for determining cimifugin (a coumarin derivative; one of Saposhnikovia divaricatae's constituents) in rat plasma after oral administration of Saposhnikovia divaricatae extract (SDE), and the pharmacokinetics of cimifugin either in SDE or as a single compound was investigated. The HPLC analysis was performed on a commercially available column (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 pm) with the isocratic elution of solvent A (Methanol) and solvent B (Water) (A:B=60:40) and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.100-10.040 microg/mL. The limit of detection was 30 ng/mL. At the rat plasma concentrations of 0.402, 4.016, 10.040 microg/mL, the intra-day precision was 6.21%, 3.98%, and 2.23%; the inter-day precision was 7.59%, 4.26%, and 2.09%, respectively. The absolute recovery was 76.58%, 76.61%, and 77.67%, respectively. When the dosage of SDE was equal to the pure compound calculated by the amount of cimifugin, it was found to have two maximum peaks while the pure compound only showed one peak in the plasma concentration-time curve. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of SDE showed the superiority of the extract and the properties of traditional Chinese medicine.
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The novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound GU285 (4-amino-6-alpha-carbamoylethylthio-1- phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, CAS 134896-40-5) was examined for its ability (1) to inhibit binding of adenosine (ADO) receptor ligands in rat brain membranes, (2) to antagonise functional responses to ADO agonists in rat right and left atria and coronary resistance vessels, and (3) to reduce the fall in heart rate and arterial blood pressure produced by the ADO A1 agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) in the intact, anaesthetized rat. GU285 competitively inhibited binding of the ADO A1 agonist [3H]-R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) yielding a Ki value of 11 (7-18) nmol.l-1 (geometric mean +/- 95% Cl). When assayed against the ADO A2A selective agonist [3H]-2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)- phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, (CGS21680), a Ki of 15 (10-24) nmol.l-1 was obtained. In spontaneously beating right atria, GU285 competitively antagonized negative chronotropic effects of R-PIA with a pA2 of 8.7 +/- 0.3 and in electrically paced left atria, GU285 competitively antagonized negative inotropic effects of R-PIA with a pA2 of 9.0 +/- 0.1. In the potassium-arrested, perfused rat heart GU285 (1 mumol.l-1) antagonized only the high sensitivity, ADO A2B mediated component of the biphasic relaxation of the coronary vasculature produced by NECA. The low sensitivity component was unchanged. GU285 (1 mumol.kg-1) antagonized the negative chronotropic and hypotensive effects of the adenosine A1 agonist CPA in anaesthetized rats, producing a 10-fold rightward shift in the dose-response relationship. These data demonstrate that in the rat, GU285 is a potent, non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist that maintains its activity in vivo.