Caracterização de alfa-galactosidase em embrião e cotilédones de sementes de Platymiscium pubescens Micheli, var. pubecens (tamboril-da-mata)

Sementes de Platymiscium pubescens foram colocadas para embeber em água, sendo retiradas amostras para as caracterizações bioquímica e cinética da enzima alfa-galactosidase do eixo embrionário e dos cotilédones. A atividade específica no eixo embrionário aumenta de zero até o tempo de 96 horas de embebição, estabilizando em seguida. A atividade da enzima dos cotilédones mostrou pequeno incremento durante esse mesmo tempo. A alfa-galactosidase do eixo embrionário apresentou atividade máxima no intervalo de pH de 4,5 a 6,0. Por outro lado, para a enzima proveniente dos cotilédones, a maior atividade foi detectada na faixa de 4,0 a 6,0. A temperatura de 55ºC foi a que mais estimulou as atividades da alfa-galactosidase do eixo embrionário e dos cotilédones. As enzimas do eixo embrionário e dos cotilédones mostraram-se termotolerantes, não se alcançando a meia vida na temperatura de 40ºC, no período de 1.500 minutos. A atividade da alfa-galactosidase do eixo embrionário foi inibida por melibiose, CuSO4 e SDS, enquanto a dos cotilédones foi por todos os efetores, exceto com SDS, CuSO4 e galactose que tiveram efeito neutro sobre a atividade da alfa-galactosidase dos cotilédones. Os valores de K M para as alfa-galactosidases do embrião e para o cotilédone foram 3,37 e 0,26 mM, respectivamente.

Alterações nas atividades das enzimas alfa-galactosidase e poligalacturonase e nas reservas de carboidratos de sementes de Schizolobium parahyba (vell.) Blake (guapuruvú) durante a germinação

A retomada do metabolismo do embrião durante a germinação é realizada por processos metabólicos que culminam na protrusão da radícula e no fornecimento de energia para o desenvolvimento inicial da plântula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as variações nas atividades das enzimas alfa-galactosidase e poligalacturonase e nas reservas de mono e oligossacarídeos em sementes de guapuruvú durante a germinação. Para tanto, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar e as reservas do eixo embrionário e cotilédones, avaliadas periodicamente. Os teores de galactose no eixo embrionário diferiram significativamente somente entre a testemunha e o oitavo dia, muito embora houvesse aumento contínuo até o quarto dia. Somente no sexto dia de germinação houve aumento no teor de galactose nos cotilédones. Houve tendência de aumento nos teores de arabinose, manose e glicose no eixo embrionário, não sendo detectada a presença de xilose no oitavo dia. Nos cotilédones os mesmos açúcares não foram originalmente detectados no tempo zero, mas apresentaram valores mais altos nas amostras do oitavo dia. Os teores de galactose oscilam tanto no eixo embrionário, quanto nos cotilédones durante o período de germinação de sementes de guapuruvu. Os teores de sacarose aumentam e os de rafinose decrescem nos cotilédones e no eixo embrionário. Os teores de estaquiose permanecem aproximadamente estáveis no eixo e nos cotilédones, com decréscimo no eixo, no oitavo dia. A enzima alfa-galactosidase é pré-formada, tendo clara redução na sua atividade específica, no segundo dia, permanecendo constante até o oitavo. A atividade nos cotilédones apresenta aumento no quarto dia, decrescendo posteriormente. A enzima polygalacturonase é tambem pré-formada, com maior atividade inicial no eixo. A atividade nos cotilédones aumenta até o sexto dia, alcançando maiores valores que o do eixo embrionário e, em seguida, decresce para valores menores do que aqueles.

Cinética da enzima alfa-galactosidase a e investigação de doença de fabry em pacientes hemodialisados

A Alfa-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) humana é uma enzima lisossômica que quando deficiente causa a doença de Fabry. A doença de Fabry é uma esfingolipidose cuja principal causa de morbi-mortalidade é a insuficiência renal crônica (IRC). O objetivo deste estudo foi a implantação de um protocolo laboratorial que permita o diagnóstico da doença de Fabry em plasma e leucócitos, além da análise das características cinéticas da enzima α-Gal A em plasma e busca ativa da doença em 25 indivíduos com IRC de causa desconhecida. Também foram avaliadas a reprodutibilidade e a estabilidade do método enzimático. A padronização dos ensaios foi realizada com o substrato fluorescente 4-metilumbeliferil-α-Dgalactopiranosídeo. A reprodutibilidade foi avaliada utilizando amostras de plasma aliquotadas a 4ºC, -20ºC e -70ºC, analisadas uma vez ao mês por 6 meses e a estabilidade da fluorescência por até 24 horas após o término do ensaio enzimático. A padronização permitiu a implantação de valores de referência da α-Gal A para o estado do Pará, de 4 a 28 nmoles/h/mL (plasma) e de 20 a 96 nmoles/h/mg proteína (leucócitos). A enzima α-Gal A se mostrou termolábil, visto que com apenas 1 minuto de pré-incubação das amostras a 60ºC, sua atividade decaiu 71,09%. Com relação ao tempo de incubação, a atividade enzimática apresentou uma disposição linear crescente entre 15 a 180 minutos de incubação. A α-Gal A apresentou maior atividade no pH 4,8, o Km encontrado para a α-Gal A foi de 1,007 mM e a Vmáx foi 30,9 nmoles/h/mL. A melhor temperatura de armazenamento de plasma até o ensaio enzimático é -20ºC, onde foi observada menor variação em um período máximo de 6 meses. O método enzimático utilizado é estável, mesmo após 24 horas do término do ensaio, em temperatura ambiente. Com relação aos pacientes com IRC de causa desconhecida, todos apresentaram valor de atividade da α-Gal A dentro dos parâmetros de referência e, portanto, nenhum foi diagnosticado com doença de Fabry. O entendimento da cinética da α-Gal A e do seu comportamento in vitro possibilita um melhor diagnóstico laboratorial da doença de Fabry gerando dados para futuras comparações com indivíduos afetados por mutações nesta enzima

Purificação e caracterização de alfa-galactosidases de sementes de Platymiscium pubescens Micheli

Este trabalho objetivou foi determinar a composição bioquímica de sementes de espécies florestais e caracterizar a enzima alfa-galactosidase de sementes germinadas de Platymiscium pubescens. Os maiores teores de lipídios foram determinados em sementes de Chorisia speciosa, Caesalpinia peltophoroides, Tabebuia serratifolia e Tabebuia velanedae, enquanto sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Schizolobium parahyba e Cassia grandis apresentaram os maiores teores protéicos. A alfa-galactosidase catalisa a hidrólise dos oligossacarídeos de rafinose, em sementes de leguminosas, durante a germinação. A maior atividade da alfa-galactosidase foi detectada em sementes de Platymiscium pubescens após 72 h de embebição. Duas formas de alfa-galactosidases, C1 e C2, foram purificadas de sementes germinadas de P. pubescens, usando-se fracionamento com sulfato de amônio e cromatografias de filtração em gel e de afinidade. Essas enzimas apresentaram atividade máxima em pH 5,5 e a 50-55 ºC. Os valores de Km ap das formas C1 e C2, para o substrato ro-nitrofenil-alfa-D-galactopiranosídeo, foram de 0,54 mM e 0,78 mM, e para a rafinose, de 4,64 mM e 5,09 mM, respectivamente. Essas enzimas exibiram estabilidade térmica moderada, mantendo 70% da atividade original após 3 h de incubação a 45 ºC. A atividade enzimática da C1 e C2 foi totalmente perdida na presença de CuSO4 e dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS). Tais enzimas também hidrolisaram melibiose, rafinose e estaquiose, indicando potencial para aplicações biotecnológicas.

Verificação da adaptação à galactose e à maltose de células de Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Células de 5. carlsbergensis crescidas em meio de cultura DPE diferenciados apenas em sua principal fonte de carbono (glicose, galactose e maltose) tiveram diferentes comportamentos quando postas a fermentar glicose, galactose, maltose e rafinose, em manômetro de Warburg. Presume-se que sejam enzimas constitutivos para o citado microorganismo, sacarase e hexoquinase e enzimas adaptativos, maltase, alfa-galactosidase e galactowaldenase.

Kidney Function and 24-Hour Proteinuria in Patients with Fabry Disease during 36 Months of Agalsidase Alfa Enzyme Replacement Therapy: A Brazilian Experience

Background. Prior to the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), management of Fabry disease (FD) consisted of symptomatic and palliative measures. ERT has been available for several years using recombinant human agalsidase alfa, an analogue of alpha-galactosidase A (GALA). However, the limitations of ERT in improving kidney function have not been established. This study evaluates the safety and therapeutic effect of agalsidase alfa replacement in terms of kidney function and reduction in 24-hour proteinuria. Methods. During the period between January 1, 2002, and August 1, 2005, nine Fabry patients (7 male, 2 female) were treated according to protocol, receiving 0.2 mg/kg agalsidase alfa IV every two weeks. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using chromium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate clearance ((51)Cr-EDTA mL/min/1.73 m(2)) at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months. 24-hour proteinuria was measured at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of ERT. Kidney disease was classified according to National Kidney Foundation Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF/DOQI) Advisory Board criteria, which define stage I chronic kidney disease (CKD) as GFR >= 90mL/min/1.73 m(2), stage II as 60-89 mL/min/1.73m(2), stage III as 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2), stage IV as 15-29 mL/min/1.73m(2), and stage V as < 15 mL/min/1.73m(2). Results. Six patients completed 36 months of therapy, 2 patients completed 18 months, and 1 patient completed 12 months. Mean patient age at baseline was 34.6 +/- 11.3 years. During the study period, kidney function remained stable in patients with stages I, II, or III CKD. One patient, who entered the study with stage IV CKD, progressed to end-stage chronic kidney disease, beginning hemodialysis after 7 months and receiving a kidney transplant after 12 months of ERT. Proteinuria also remained stable in the group of patients with pathologic proteinuria. The use of agalsidase alfa was well tolerated in 99.5% of the infusions administered. Conclusion. Over the course of 36 months of ERT, there was no change in kidney function and 24-hour proteinuria. This suggests thatagalsidase alfa may slow or halt the progression of kidney disease when used before extensive kidney damage occurs. No significant side effects were observed with ERT during the course of the study.

Enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa in patients with Fabry's disease: an analysis of registry data.

BACKGROUND: We analysed 5-year treatment with agalsidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Fabry's disease who were enrolled in the Fabry Outcome Survey observational database (FOS). METHODS: Baseline and 5-year data were available for up to 181 adults (126 men) in FOS. Serial data for cardiac mass and function, renal function, pain, and quality of life were assessed. Safety and sensitivity analyses were done in patients with baseline and at least one relevant follow-up measurement during the 5 years (n=555 and n=475, respectively). FINDINGS: In patients with baseline cardiac hypertrophy, treatment resulted in a sustained reduction in left ventricular mass (LVM) index after 5 years (from 71.4 [SD 22.5] g/m(2.7) to 64.1 [18.7] g/m(2.7), p=0.0111) and a significant increase in midwall fractional shortening (MFS) from 14.3% (2.3) to 16.0% (3.8) after 3 years (p=0.02). In patients without baseline hypertrophy, LVM index and MFS remained stable. Mean yearly fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate versus baseline after 5 years of enzyme replacement therapy was -3.17 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) for men and -0.89 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) for women. Average pain, measured by Brief Pain Inventory score, improved significantly, from 3.7 (2.3) at baseline to 2.5 (2.4) after 5 years (p=0.0023). Quality of life, measured by deviation scores from normal EuroQol values, improved significantly, from -0.24 (0.3) at baseline to -0.17 (0.3) after 5 years (p=0.0483). Findings were confirmed by sensitivity analysis. No unexpected safety concerns were identified. INTERPRETATION: By comparison with historical natural history data for patients with Fabry's disease who were not treated with enzyme replacement therapy, long-term treatment with agalsidase alfa leads to substantial and sustained clinical benefits. FUNDING: Shire Human Genetic Therapies AB.

Impact Of Severe Haemophilia A On Patients' Health Status: Results From The Guardian(™) 1 Clinical Trial Of Turoctocog Alfa (novoeight(®) ).

Haemophilia and its treatment interfere with patients' life and may affect adherence to treatment. This study explored the impact of severe haemophilia A on patients' health status, especially in young adults (YA), using data from guardian(™) 1, a multinational, open-label, non-controlled phase 3 trial investigating safety and efficacy of turoctocog alfa (NovoEight(®) ) in previously treated patients aged 12 years and older with severe haemophilia A (FVIII ≤ 1%). Health status was assessed using the EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D-3L), covering 5 dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression), and a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring self-rated overall health status. EQ-5D was administered pretreatment (screening/baseline) and posttreatment (end-of-trial). Baseline responses to the EQ-5D dimensions and VAS were described overall and by age and compared to reference values from UK general population. Guardian(™) 1 included 150 patients (16 adolescents, 83 YA aged 16-29 and 51 adults aged 30+). All five dimensions of patients' health status were impacted at baseline. The percentage of haemophilia patients reporting problems was consistently significantly greater than age-matched general population reference values. Likewise, for all age groups mean baseline EQ-5D VAS score was significantly lower for haemophilia patients (YA: 78.0) than for the general population (YA aged 18-29: 87.3). The health status of patients with severe haemophilia A entering guardian(™) 1 was markedly poorer than that of the general population, particularly regarding mobility and pain. YA patients reported better health status than older patients, but considerably lower than that of the general YA population.

Análise do perfil de humor e da enzima alfa-amilase salivar em indivíduos fisicamente ativos = : Analysis of profile of mood states and salivary alpha amylase enzyme in physically active individuals

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Sertraline treatment of interferon-alfa-induced depressive disorder

Interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection is commonly associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression. These side effects may necessitate reduction or even cessation of interferon alfa, hut there is little information regarding the management of this important problem. We report 10 cases of interferon-alfa-induced depressive disorder treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. All patients obtained rapid symptom relief without the need for reduction or cessation of interferon alfa.

FibroTest is an independent predictor of virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients retreated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in the EPIC(3) program

Background & Aims: EPIC-3 is a prospective, international study that has demonstrated the efficacy of PEG-IFN alfa-2b plus weight-based ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C and significant fibrosis who previously failed any interferon-alfa/ribavirin therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess FibroTest (FT), a validated non-invasive marker of fibrosis in treatment-naive patients, as a possible alternative to biopsy as the baseline predictor of subsequent early virologic (EVR) and sustained virologic response (SVR) in previously treated patients. Methods: Of 2312 patients enrolled, 1459 had an available baseline FT, biopsy, and complete data. Uni- (UV) and multi-variable (MV) analyses were performed using FT and biopsy. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar as in the overall population; METAVIR stage: 28% F2, 29% F3, and 43% F4, previous relapsers 29%, previous PEG-IFN regimen 41%, high baseline viral load (BVL) 64%. 506 patients (35%) had undetectable HCV-RNA at TW12 (TW12neg), with 58% achieving SVR. The accuracy of FT was similar to that in naive patients: AUROC curve for the diagnosis of F4 vs F2 = 0.80 (p<0.00001). Five baseline factors were associated (p<0.001) with SVR in UV and MV analyses (odds ratio: UV/MV): fibrosis stage estimated using FT (4.5/5.9) or biopsy (1.5/1.6), genotype 2/3 (4.5/5.1), BVL (1.5/1.3), prior relapse (1.6/1.6), previous treatment with non-PEG-IFN (2.6/2.0). These same factors were associated (p <= 0.001) with EVR. Among patients TW12neg, two independent factors remained highly predictive of SVR by MV analysis (p <= 0.001): genotype 2/3 (odds ratio = 2.9), fibrosis estimated with FT (4.3) or by biopsy (1.5). Conclusions: FibroTest at baseline is a possible non-invasive alternative to biopsy for the prediction of EVR at 12 weeks and SVR, in patients with previous failures and advanced fibrosis, retreated with PEG-IFN alfa-2b and ribavirin. (C) 2010 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Peginterferon alfa-2b and Ribavirin: Effective in Patients With Hepatitis C Who Failed Interferon alfa/Ribavirin Therapy

Background & Aims: Treatment with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin produces a sustained virologic response (SVR) in approximately 60% of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Alternate options are needed for patients who relapse or do not respond to therapy. Methods: This prospective, international, multicenter, open-label study evaluated efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2b (1.5 mu g/kg/wk) plus weight-based ribavirin (800-1400 mg/day) in 2333 chronic HCV-infected patients with significant fibrosis/cirrhosis whose previous interferon alfa/ribavirin therapy failed. Patients with undetectable HCV-RNA at treatment week (TW) 12 received 48 weeks of therapy; patients with detectable HCV-RNA at TW12 could enter maintenance studies at TW18; 188 patients with low/detectable HCV-RNA at TW12 continued therapy at the investigator`s request. Results: Overall, 22% of the patients attained SVR (56% with undetectable HCV-RNA and 12% with low/detectable HCV-RNA at TW12). SVR was better in relapsers (38%) than nonresponders (14%), regardless of previous treatment, and in patients previously treated with interferon-alfa/ribavirin (25%) than peginterferon alfa-ribavirin (17%). Predictors of response in patients with undetectable HCV-RNA at TW12 were genotype (2/3 vs 1, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 2.4; P < .0001), fibrosis score (F2 vs F4; OR, 2.2; F3 vs F4; OR, 1.7; P < .0001), and baseline viral load (<= 600,000 vs >600,000 IU/mL; OR, 1.4; P = .0223). These factors plus previous treatment and response were overall predictors of SVR. Safety was similar among fibrosis groups. Conclusions: Peginterferon alfa-2b plus weight-based ribavirin is effective and safe in patients who failed interferon alfa/ribavirin therapy. Genotype, baseline viral load, and fibrosis stage were predictors of response.

Very early prediction of response to HCV treatment with PEG-IFN-alfa-2a and ribavirin in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients

The objective of this study was to find very early viral kinetic markers to predict nonresponse to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients. Twenty-six patients (15 HCV genotype-1 and 11 genotype-3) were treated with a 48-week regimen of peginterferon-alfa-2a (PEG-IFN) (180 mu g/week) and weight-based ribavirin (11 mg/kg/day). Samples were collected at baseline; 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h; days 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 15, 22, 29, 43 and 57 then weekly and monthly. Five patients discontinued treatment. Seven patients (27%) achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). Nadir HCV RNA levels were observed 1.6 +/- 0.3 days after initiation of therapy, followed by a 0.3- to 12.9-fold viral rebound until the administration of the second dose of PEG-IFN, which were not associated with SVR or HCV genotype. A viral decline < 1.19 log for genotype-1 and < 0.97 log for genotype-3, 2 days after starting therapy, had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for SVR. The day 2 virological response had a similar positive predictive value for SVR as a rapid virological response at week 4. In addition, a second-phase viral decline slope (i.e., measured from day 2 to 29) < 0.3 log/week had a NPV = 100% for SVR. We conclude that first-phase viral decline at day 2 and second-phase viral decline slope (< 0.3 log/week) are excellent predictors of nonresponse. Further studies are needed to validate these viral kinetic parameters as early on-treatment prognosticators of nonresponse in patients with HCV and HIV.

A Sustained Virologic Response Is Durable in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated With Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A sustained virologic response (SVR) to therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is defined as the inability to detect HCV RNA 24 weeks after completion of treatment. Although small studies have reported that the SVR is durable and lasts for long periods, it has not been conclusively shown. METHODS: The durability of treatment responses was examined in patients originally enrolled in one of 9 randomized multicenter trials (n = 1343). The study included patients who received pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa-2a alone (n = 166) or in combination with ribavirin (n = 1077, including 79 patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels and 100 patients who were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and HCV) and whose serum samples were negative for HCV RNA (<50 IU/mL) at their final assessment. Patients were assessed annually, from the date of last treatment, for a mean of 3.9 years (range, 0.8-7.1 years). RESULTS: Most patients (99.1%) who achieved an SVR had undetectable levels of HCV RNA in serum samples throughout the follow-up period. Serum samples from 0.9% of the patients contained HCV RNA a mean of 1.8 years (range, 1.1-2.9 years) after treatment ended. It is not clear if these patients were reinfected or experienced a relapse. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of patients monitored for the durability of an SVR, the SVR was maintained for almost 4 years after treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a alone or in combination with ribavirin. In patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, the SVR is durable and these patients should be considered as cured.

Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

Background & Aims: This multi-center study aimed to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of a genotype-based Pegylated Interferon alfa-2a/Ribavirin therapy in treatment-naive hepatitis C virus (HCV), positive HCV serology, and quantifiable HCV RNA, infected children. Methods: Eighteen children with genotypes 2 and 3 patients (group A) were assigned to medication for 24 weeks, and 47 children with genotypes 1, 4, 5 and 6 patients (group B) for 48 weeks. Results: Early response at week 12 was observed in 83% of group A patients and in 57% of group B patients (p <0.05). End of treatment response was achieved in 94% of patients in group A and in 57% in group B (p <0.001). Sustained virologic response was maintained in 89% of patients in group A and in 57% of patients in group B (p <0.01). Ten patients stopped prematurely the treatment, 2 for serious adverse event (acute hepatitis and thyrotoxicosis), and 8 because of no virologic response at week 24. Peginterferon alfa-2a and Ribavirin dose was adjusted in 15 patients (23%), 11 for neutropenia (17%), and 3 patients (5%), for anemia, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events included fever and flu-like symptoms (54%), irritability depression change of mood (34%), vomiting (23%), abdominal pain (38%), loss of appetite (21.5%) and dermatitis (29%). No influence on height growth was observed. Conclusions: Pegylated inteferon alfa-2a and Ribavirin treatment allowed to achieve SVR in 57% of pediatric patients with genotypes 1, 4, 5 and 6, and in 94% of genotypes 2 and 3. These results show an improved SVR as compared to reference series in adults with similar regimen. (c) 2010 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.