Síntesis del compuesto Ba3 Li2 Ti8 O20 vía sol-gel y estudio de sus propiedades catalíticas y fotocatalíticas

[Tesis] ( Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación en Ing. Cerámica) U.A.N.L.

Discursos leidos ante el Claustro ordinario de la Universidad de Santiago en la recepción docente del Dr. D. Jaime Forn y Segura : Contestación /

Mode of access: Internet.

Modificaciones sitio dirigidas en la albúmina sérica humana para mejorar su afinidad en el transporte de medicamentos

La albúmina sérica humana es una proteína globular de importancia biológica. Se destacan su capacidad para mantener la presión oncótica del plasma y como transportadora de muchos compuestos, entre ellos fármacos. Muchos de estos fármacos, antimicóticos y oncológicos son altamente hidrofóbicos y son vehiculizados en medios acuosos formando complejos con la albúmina. Esta interacción ocurre por la presencia de tres dominios hidrofóbicos presentes en el interior de su estructura proteica. Esto permite deducir que la incorporación de drogas hidrofóbicas se encuentra limitado por el número de dominios hidrofóbicos. Este proyecto plantea como objetivo el desarrollo de nuevas variantes de albúmina, que presenten dominios hidrofóbicos más extendidos para mejorar su capacidad transportadora. Se procederá en primera instancia a realizar el clonado del cADN de la albúmina en un vector de expresión. Se realizarán modificaciones puntuales e inserciones de nucleótidos en el gen de la albúmina que permitan incrementar la cantidad de secuencias hidrofóbicas presentes. Se expresarán y purificarán las diferentes variantes de albúmina. De lograrse los objetivos, se caracterizarán las propiedades biológicas y fisico-químicas de estas variantes mediante análisis farmacológicos, inmunológicos y de biocompatibilidad. En una segunda etapa podremos analizar y evaluar la posibilidad de usar algunas de estas variantes como nuevos vehículos para el transporte de diversos fármacos.

Estudio de los factores que influyen sobre la fertilidad física y química del suelo

El proyecto aborda el estudio de los factores que influyen sobre la fertilidad física y química del suelo desde dos aspectos diferentes: 1. Influencia de los distintos componentes del suelo sobre su estabilidad estructural. La pérdida de propiedades físicas y químicas lleva al agotamiento de los suelos, que determina una disminución de la productividad, en muchos casos aceleran el desencadenamiento de proceso erosivo. Este fenómeno afecta prácticamente a todas las áreas agrícolas y se ve agravado por la quema del rastrojo, que provoca una disminución del contenido de materia orgánica alterando el equilibrio químico y biológico de los diferentes horizontes, lo cual va acompañado del deterioro de los procesos de agregación, de la degradación de la estructura y la pérdida o disminución de la fertilidad física, química y biológica, provocando una alteración de los ciclos naturales. 2. Residualidad de herbicidas en suelo. Los sistemas de labranza conservacionista se han difundido como consecuencia de las significativas reducciones en los niveles de materia orgánica, fertilidad química, estabilidad de los agregados y el notable aumento de la susceptibilidad a la erosión, en los suelos de la provincia de Córdoba. Estos sistemas de producción incluyen, en su conjunto tecnológico, abundante aplicación de herbicidas para el control de malezas, por lo que su uso continuado podría acelerar la acumulación de residuos de estos productos, afectando la fertilidad química de los suelos por la presencia de compuestos tóxicos para cultivos posteriores como también la potencial acumulación de herbicidas en aguas subterráneas. La dinámica de los herbicidas varía según las características de los suelos, especialmente por su contenido de materia orgánica y composición textural; características del herbicida y de las condiciones ambientales. El objetivo de esta parte del proyecto es caracterizar los suelos estudiados por su afinidad con determinados herbicidas por medio de índices obtenidos en laboratorio. Además, estudiar si existe acumulación de herbicidas en suelos que recibieron sucesivas aplicaciones.

Polímeros biomiméticos em química analítica. Parte 1: preparo e aplicações de MIP (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers) em técnicas de extração e separação

MIPs are synthetic polymers that are used as biomimetic materials simulating the mechanism verified in natural entities such as antibodies and enzymes. Although MIPs have been successfully used as an outstanding tool for enhancing the selectivity or different analytical approaches, such as separation science and electrochemical and optical sensors, several parameters must be optimized during their synthesis. Therefore, the state-of-the-art of MIP production as well as the different polymerization methods are discussed. The potential selectivity of MIPs in the extraction and separation techniques focusing mainly on environmental, clinical and pharmaceutical samples as applications for analytical purposes is presented.

Polímeros biomiméticos em química analítica. Parte 2: aplicações de MIP (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers) no desenvolvimento de sensores químicos

The aim of this paper is the description of the strategies and advances in the use of MIP in the development of chemical sensors. MIP has been considered an emerging technology, which allows the synthesis of materials that can mimic some highly specific natural receptors such as antibodies and enzymes. In recent years a great number of publications have demonstrated a growth in their use as sensing phases in the construction of sensors . Thus, the MIP technology became very attractive as a promising analytical tool for the development of sensors.

Contribuição à organização da pesquisa em Química e os desafios da interação com outras áreas do conhecimento

This article provides some aspects that allow making a current reading of the situation of the Brazilian Chemistry that permit us considerate it as a strategic area. They are still presented some initial proposals related to the organization of the research as well as to win the challenges of the relationship with the other areas of the knowledge.

A importância da Química Analítica Qualitativa nos cursos de Química das instituições de ensino superior brasileiras

The results of a survey of institutions offering undergraduate studies, with the objective of evaluating the importance of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry for Chemistry courses in Brazil, are presented and discussed. Judging by the data, the content of the course of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry is considered by the Brazilian institutions offering undergraduate studies to be a body of knowledge essential for the formation of the chemist. This aspect is deemed valid for both baccalaureate and teaching license studies.

Química Analítica de Processos

Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is an important and growing area in analytical chemistry, that has received little attention in academic centers devoted to the gathering of knowledge and to optimization of chemical processes. PAC is an area devoted to optimization and knowledge acquisition of chemical processes, to reducing costs and wastes and to making an important contribution to sustainable development. The main aim of this review is to present to the Brazilian community the development and state of the art of PAC, discussing concepts, analytical techniques currently employed in the industry and some applications.

Experimentação em química de compostos organometálicos: preparação do cloreto de dicarbonilciclopentadienilferro(II)

In this work, we describe a new method for obtaining [Fe(CO)2[(eta5-C5H5)Cl] employing simple techniques and low-cost reagents. It is worth mentioning that this method is faster than others reported in the literature. It was applied in laboratory classes for undergraduate students, exploring different concepts in organometallic chemistry and discussing the steps involved in the synthetic route.

Síntese de complexo ferro(II)-nitrogênio: abordagem dos conceitos de reatividade e retro-doação para alunos de graduação em química

There has been a considerable interest in coordination complexes of molecular nitrogen (N2), partly due to a possible relationship between such complexes and the nitrogen activation process in nature. The present paper describes the synthesis and infrared spectroscopic characterization of an iron-nitrogen derivative with ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (edta) as an experiment for an undergraduate course. The topics covered here include synthesis, reactivity and spectroscopy.

Interesterificação química: alternativa para obtenção de gorduras zero trans

The function of lipids in human nutrition has been intensively debated in the last decade.This context reinforces the concern about controlling the trans fat ingestion, due to its negative implications on health. Interesterification provides an important alternative to modify the consistency of oils and fats without causing formation of trans isomers. This article reports research done towards production of zero trans fats by chemical interesterification, for different industrial purposes. Aspects related to the effect of trans fats on diet, their impact on health and modifications in Brazilian legislation are also covered.

A importância das revistas Química Nova e Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society no crescimento da área de química no Brasil

Quimica Nova and the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society are two examples of successful initiatives taken by the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ - Sociedade Brasileira de Química), and may serve as models for the scientific societies of developing countries. Pillars of the SBQ, these two periodicals are undeniable demonstrations that idealism, utopia and dignity are the essential ingredients for transforming dreams into reality. Few believed that the Brazilian chemical community would one day have, as it does today, two scientific research periodicals indexed in the principal international data banks.

Preparação do (+)-±-terpineol a partir do (+)-limoneno: monoterpenos de odor agradável em um projeto para química orgânica experimental

A synthesis of (+)-±-terpineol from (+)-limonene was proposed as a project for undergraduate organic laboratory course. Terpineol is a useful flavor and fragrance compound, and several aspects of this preparation are suited for experimental organic classes, including basic techniques for extraction and analyses of essential oils, different reaction types and the possibility of a high degree of student interest.

Acetatos homo e heterotrinucleares de ferro: um experimento para o laboratório de química de coordenação

Homo and heterotrinuclear acetates are unique compounds having μ3-oxo bridge and many interesting properties of such compounds are derived from this structure. Some undergraduate inorganic textbooks discuss several aspects of these compounds and we present here an undergraduate experiment for the high-yield synthesis of [Fe2MO(CH3CO2)6(H 2O)3], with M = Fe3+, Co2+ and Ni2+, as well as their characterization using infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltametry. The proposed experiment gives the opportunity to discuss several concepts of coordination chemistry that follow the characterization techniques, such as: types of acetate coordination, reversibility of electrochemical processes, quelate and trans effects and lability.