Funções interacionais na sala de aula: da subordinação adverbial à subordinação discursiva

Taking into account the treatment offered to adverbial subordination in teaching and learning Portuguese, this article presents contributions from Functional Discourse Grammar concerning clausal (in)dependency and the acceptance of Discourse Subordination in the systematization of adverbial relation in teaching contexts.

Incompletudes da abordagem tradicional e suas implicações no ensino/aprendizagem da língua: um recorte sobre as relações de coordenação e subordinação nos períodos compostos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Subordinação discursiva no português à luz da gramática discursivo-funcional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Procedural Meaning Explicatures in the Development of New Subordination Strategies in Romance

The sociocultural changes that led to the genesis of Romance languages widened the gap between oral and written patterns, which display different discoursive and linguistic devices. In early documents, discoursive implicatures connecting propositions were not generally codified, so that the reader should furnish the correctinterpretation according to his own perception of real facts; which can still be attested in current oral utterances. Once Romance languages had undergone several levelling processes which concluded in the first standardizations, implicatures became explicatures and were syntactically codified by means of univocal new complexconjunctions. As a consequence of the emergence of these new subordination strategies, a freer distribution of the information conveyed by the utterances is allowed. The success of complex structural patterns ran alongside of the genesis of new narrative genres and the generalization of a learned rhetoric. Both facts are a spontaneous effect of new approaches to the act of reading. Ancient texts were written to be read to a wide audience, whereas those printed by the end of the XV th century were conceived to be read quietly, in a low voice, by a private reader. The goal of this paper is twofold, since we will show that: a) The development of new complex conjunctions through the history of Romance languages accommodates to four structural patterns that range from parataxis tohypotaxis. b) This development is a reflex of the well known grammaticalization path from discourse to syntax that implies the codification of discoursive strategies (Givón 2 1979, Sperber and Wilson 1986, Carston 1988, Grice 1989, Bach 1994, Blackemore 2002, among others]

Contested dominance modifies the anovulatory consequences of social subordination in female marmosets

Dominance status among female marmosets is reflected in agonistic behavior and ovarian function. Socially dominant females receive submissive behavior from subordinates, while exhibiting normal ovulatory function. Subordinate females, however, receive agonistic behavior from dominants, while exhibiting reduced or absent ovulatory function. Such disparity in female fertility is not absolute, and groups with two breeding females have been described. The data reported here were obtained from 8 female-female pairs of captive female marmosets, each housed with a single unrelated male. Pairs were classified into two groups: "uncontested" dominance (UD) and "contested" dominance (CD), with 4 pairs each. Dominant females in UD pairs showed significantly higher frequencies (4.1) of agonism (piloerection, attack and chasing) than their subordinates (0.36), and agonistic behaviors were overall more frequently displayed by CD than by UD pairs. Subordinates in CD pairs exhibited more agonistic behavior (2.9) than subordinates in UD pairs (0.36), which displayed significantly more submissive (6.97) behaviors than their dominants (0.35). The data suggest that there is more than one kind of dominance relationship between female common marmosets. Assessment of progesterone levels showed that while subordinates in UD pairs appeared to be anovulatory, the degree of ovulatory disruption in subordinates of CD pairs was more varied and less complete. We suggest that such variation in female-female social dominance relationships and the associated variation in the degree and reliability of fertility suppression may explain variations of the reproductive condition of free-living groups of common marmosets.

Exploring domination and subordination in high school physical education /

This is a critical qualitative inquiry into secondary school students' experiences of power relations within physical activity and physical education settings. More specifically the study examines the reproduction ofpower relations through the use of domination and subordination in physical activity and physical education. This study will attempt to understand power relations that take place between and among students and between teachers and students and how certain sports or activities reinforce power relationships within the gymnasium. Thirty eight first and second year university students completed a questionnaire which asked them to reflect upon their high school physical education experiences. Feedback fi*om the questionnaires described that highly skilled male students benefit the most fi-om high school physical education and receive more power and privilege when compared to lesser skilled students.

Les contrats de performance et les universités québécoises : une orchestration étatique de la subordination du champ universitaire aux règles du jeu économique

Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sociologie

L'enchaînement de phrases par coordination et par subordination à l'écrit chez les élèves de première secondaire : mise à l'essai d'une séquence didactique

Ce mémoire de maîtrise propose une séquence didactique travaillant l’enchaînement de phrases par subordination et coordination en vue de favoriser le transfert de connaissances grammaticales en situation de production écrite. Nous avons d’abord fait ressortir que les élèves apprennent et revoient diverses règles de grammaire, mais qu’ils ont une grande difficulté à transférer ces connaissances en contexte d’écriture. Plusieurs chercheurs soulignent la pertinence de décloisonner l’enseignement de la grammaire et de l’écriture (Paret, 1992; Chartrand, 2003; Bilodeau, 2005) pour favoriser le transfert, notamment au moyen de la démarche active de découverte (Chartrand, 1996). Nous nous sommes intéressée à la syntaxe de la phrase, plus précisément à la construction de phrases complexes par enchaînement. Nous considérons les notions grammaticales qui en découlent difficiles pour plusieurs élèves et nous constatons que cet enseignement se fait peu fréquemment et souvent de manière magistrale, sans travailler l’écriture en parallèle. Nous avons donc élaboré une séquence didactique travaillant ces concepts grammaticaux, tout en ayant en tête de favoriser le transfert des notions grammaticales vers un contexte d’écriture. Nous avons ensuite mis à l’essai cette séquence dans un groupe de première secondaire et avons vérifié son efficacité à l’aide d’un prétest et d’un posttest (production écrite). Nous avons pu constater que la séquence didactique expérimentée dans le cadre de ce mémoire produit de bons résultats. Il y a une amélioration notable dans les enchaînements de phrases dans les textes produits par les élèves. Par contre, nous n’avons pas pu conclure que ceux-ci étaient significatifs d’un point de vue statistique. La séquence didactique semble toutefois aider les élèves, même les plus faibles, puisque les entretiens métagraphiques montrent qu’ils ont meilleure compréhension des enchaînements de phrases.

Procedural Meaning Explicatures in the Development of New Subordination Strategies in Romance

The sociocultural changes that led to the genesis of Romance languages widened the gap between oral and written patterns, which display different discoursive and linguistic devices. In early documents, discoursive implicatures connecting propositions were not generally codified, so that the reader should furnish the correct interpretation according to his own perception of real facts; which can still be attested in current oral utterances. Once Romance languages had undergone several levelling processes which concluded in the first standardizations, implicatures became explicatures and were syntactically codified by means of univocal new complex conjunctions. As a consequence of the emergence of these new subordination strategies, a freer distribution of the information conveyed by the utterances is allowed. The success of complex structural patterns ran alongside of the genesis of new narrative genres and the generalization of a learned rhetoric. Both facts are a spontaneous effect of new approaches to the act of reading. Ancient texts were written to be read to a wide audience, whereas those printed by the end of the XV th century were conceived to be read quietly, in a low voice, by a private reader. The goal of this paper is twofold, since we will show that: a) The development of new complex conjunctions through the history of Romance languages accommodates to four structural patterns that range from parataxis to hypotaxis. b) This development is a reflex of the well known grammaticalization path from discourse to syntax that implies the codification of discoursive strategies (Givón 2 1979, Sperber and Wilson 1986, Carston 1988, Grice 1989, Bach 1994, Blackemore 2002, among others]

Why an ESM programme could be a kiss of death: Recovery values and subordination. CEPS Commentary, 27 June 2012

Spain, needing a bailout for its banks, was granted a vague promise by EZ leaders for up to €100 billion. The details remain obscure, yet they matter enormously. This column argues that the so-called ‘subordination effect’ of fresh official lending could put Spain on the slippery road to ruin. It argues that if sovereign bonds must be bought, this should be done in the secondary market which, would be on an equal footing with private investors and thus avoid the subordination trap.