531 resultados para Acidose ruminal subaguda


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of ruminal fluid, blood gas analysis, pedometer activity and suclinical laminitis occurrence, through the presence of secondary foot diseases in high production dairy cows, from a commercial herd. 200 Holstein cows originating from the same farm, located in Araçatuba/SP, Brazil, were divided into four groups, which are established from the daily milk production. Initially clinical examination of the cows was procedure, followed by sampling of rumen fluid, by esophageal tube. Fluid was evaluated for pH, color, odor, consistency, sedimentation, flotation and methylene blue reduction test. Venous blood samples were also collected for blood gas analysis, in addition to collecting data from pedometrics (number of steps) and daily milk production. Data were tabulated and submitted to correlation analysis. No animal had reported changes in rumen pH. Non-acid base imbalance were found, since the values of blood pH, PCO2, TCO2, HCO3- and BE were normal during hemogasimetric analysis. The pedometric was effective as a screening method to cows with foot diseases. It demonstrated reduction in the number of steps due to pain, correlated with lower milk production. However, the identification of foot lesions was only possible through specific digital clinical examination. The occurrence of 49.5 % of herd foot problems was due to the risk factors present in the farm. The abrasive concrete and inadequate facilities, also associated with the possible occurrence of sub-acute ruminal acidosis, were observed as risk factors. However, sub-acute ruminal acidosis was undiagnosed by the methods used. The correlation between the values of ruminal pH, and blood gas analysis pedometrics showed efficient for the early diagnosis of foot diseases and also in establishing the etiology of these diseases. Subclinical laminitis occurred primarily in cow's herd, considering the multifactorial etiology of this disease, occurrence and distribution of foot diseases diagnosed.

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

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Peripartum or Transition Period is, generally, defined as the period between three weeks pre-calving and three weeks after calving. It is a critical and crucial stage to the cow’s health and to economic profitability during the lactation. During this phase the cows experience several changes that prepare them to calve and milk yield. These changes contribute to metabolic disorders’ incidence, and can lead to reproductive function and milk yield reduction, and increase the herd’s disposal. This paper aimed to review the peripartum metabolic diseases, which includes Ketosis, Hypocalcemia, Hepatic Steatosis, Ruminal Acidosis and Lameness

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The rumen degradability parameters of the diet selected by two to four oesophageal-fistulated Brahman steers grazing a range of tropical pastures were determined by incubation of extrusa in nylon bags suspended in the rumen of rumen-fistulated (RF) Brahman steers. The effective protein degradability (Edg) was determined by measuring the rate of disappearance of neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) less acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) in the incubated extrusa. Six to eight RF steers also grazed each of the pastures along with the oesophageal-fistulated steers, to allow determination of key rumen parameters and rumen particulate matter fractional outflow rates (FOR). The seven pastures studied included: native tropical grass (C4) pasture (major species Heteropogon contortus and Bothriochloa bladhii), studied in the early wet (NPEW), the wet/dry transition (NPT) and the dry (NPD) seasons; introduced tropical grass (C4) pasture (Bothriochloa insculpta), studied in the mid wet season (BB); the introduced tropical legumes (C3), Lablab purpureus (LL) and Clitoria ternatea (BP); and the temperate grass (C3) pasture, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, RG). Using the measured particle FOR values in calculations, the Edg estimates were very high for both C4 and C3 species: 0.82–0.91 and 0.95–0.98 g/g crude protein (CP), respectively. Substitution of an assumed FOR (kp = 0.02/h) for the measured values for each pasture type did not markedly affect estimates of Edg. However, C4 tropical grasses had much lower effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP) fractions (23–66 g/kg DM) than the C3 pasture species RG and LL (356 and 243 g/kg DM, respectively). This was associated with a lower potential degradability and degradation rate of organic matter (OM) in sacco, lower in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and CP concentrations in the extrusa, and lower ammonia-N and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid for the tropical grasses. As tropical grass pastures senesced, there was a decline in Edg, the ERDP and rumen undegradable protein (UDP) fractions, the potential degradability and degradation rate of OM and the IVOMD. These results provide useful data for estimating protein supply to cattle grazing tropical pastures.

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A novel method for screening bacterial isolates for their potential to inhibit the growth of ruminal methanogenic Archaea was developed using a modification of the soft agar overlay technique, formally used for the isolation of lytic bacteriophages. This method may be used in the specific, hydrogen-rich conditions required for the growth of ruminal methanogenic Archaea.

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Large numbers of bacteriophages (2 x 10(7) to 1 x 10(8)/ml) were present in ruminal fluid from sheep and cattle. Twenty-six distinct types were identified and placed in three morphological groups; several phages possessed unusual structural features. The large numbers and diversity of phages observed indicates a possible role in bacterial lysis and hence in the population dynamics of the ruminal bacteria.

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El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de Evaluar la transferencia de líquido ruminal o transfaunación en terneros de 2 a 4 meses con trastornos de poco desarrollo corporal como alternativa terapéutica para mejorar el estado físico y reducir problemas de salud en la Finca las Mercedes de la UNA. Se seleccionaron 20 terneros al azar con edades de 2 a 4 meses y se dividieron en dos grupos 10 terneros por grupo, homogéneos en edades y condición corporal, donde el tratamiento I aplicación del liquido ruminal en dosis de 1 litro por animal y el tratamiento II control sin tratamiento. El estudio se realizó en seis meses iniciando el 20 de Diciembre del 2006 hasta el 20 de Junio del 2007. Obteniéndose los siguientes resultados, los animales que se les aplicó líquido ruminal tuvieron una ganancia de peso de 80 Kg y una ganancia media diaria de 444g, mientras que los no tratados tuvieron una ganancia de peso de 58Kg y una ganancia media diaria de 322g. Al realizar el análisis estadístico se encontró diferencia significativa para p<0.05 entre tratamiento ganancia de peso y ganancia media diaria siendo el mejor el tratamiento I. Los animales que se les aplicó la transfaunación alcanzaron mejor condición corporal que los no tratados. Los animales que se les suministraron líquido ruminal se enfermaron 3 animales representando el 30%, mientras que los que no se trataron enfermaron 9 animales representando el 90%.

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El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la transferencia de líquido ruminal o transfaunación en ovino de 2 a 4 meses con trastornos de poco desarrollo corporal como alternativa terapéutica para mejorar el estado físico y reducir problemas de salud en la Finca Santa Rosa de la UNA. Se tomaron 10 ovinos con edades de 2 a 4 meses y se dividieron en dos grupos 5 ovinos, homogéneos en edades y condición corporal, seleccionados al azar donde el tratamiento 1 aplicación del líquido ruminal en dosis de 50ml por animal y el tratamiento 11 control sin tratamiento. Los animales que se trataron con líquido ruminal tuvieron una ganancia de peso de 7Kg y una ganancia media diaria de 47.2g, mientras que los no tratado tuvieron una ganancia de peso de 4.9 Kg y una ganancia media diaria de 32.6g. Al realizar el análisis estadístico se encontró diferencia significativa para p<0.05 entre tratamiento ganancia de peso y ganancia media diaria siendo el mejor el tratamiento l. Los animales tratados con la transfaunación alcanzaron mejor condición corporal que los que no tratados y se enfermó 1 animal, representando el 20%, mientras que los que no tratados se enfermaron 5 animales con diferentes trastornos representando el 100%.

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Se realizó un estudio con los objetivos de determinar la tasa de degradación ruminal y calcular ecuaciones de predicción para las fracciones de materia seca, materia orgánica y proteína bruta del follaje de Moringa oleifera. El ensayo se realizó durante el período de septiembre 2009 - diciembre 2010, en la finca Santa Rosa, Universidad Nacional Agraria, Managua, Nicaragua. Se utilizaron dos vacas Reyna, secas y fistuladas en el rumen, los tratamientos fueron 9 tiempos de incubación: 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 horas con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento y vaca. Las variables evaluadas fueron: degradación de la materia seca (DMS), materia orgánica (DMO) y proteína bruta (DPB). El diseño que se utilizó fue completamente al azar con arreglo unifactorial donde se consideró el tiempo de incubación como efecto fijo. La degradabilidad de los nutrientes se estimó mediante el modelo de Orskov y McDonald (1979); para conocer el efecto del tiempo sobre la tasa de degradabilidad se realizó análisis de varianza y la prueba honesta de Tukey para conocer las diferencias entre los tiempos de incubación. En los resultados se observó diferencias altamente significativas (P< 0.01) para todas las variables del estudio. La DMS tuvo un rango de 37.43 % a las 48 horas hasta un máximo de 64.85 % a las 120 horas, para la DMO a medida que transcurría el tiempo alcanzó un máximo de 86.7 % a las 120 horas y para la DPB incrementó de 28.18 % a las 24 horas hasta 79.92 % a las 120 horas. Se concluye que la degradabilidad del follaje de Marango lo convierte en un material interesante para la alimentación bovina en sistemas tropicales y que las ecuaciones para predicción de tasas de degradación de las fracciones Materia Seca, Materia Orgánica y Proteína Bruta se ajustan a los procesos fisiológicos de las vacas en estudio.