Tuberculose Infantil e Multirresistência

O autor descreve os mecanismos que levam ao aparecimento da resistência do bacilo de Kock (BK) aos antibacilares. A multirresistência, tal como a monorresistência, pode ser primária ou secundária. Em verdadeiro sentido clínico-epidemiológico há multirresistência quando «in vitro» o BK é resistente à isoniazida (INH) e à rifampicina (RMP). Neste caso a possibilidade de um tratamento eficaz é muito reduzida. São assinalados os factores de risco para o aparecimento da multirresistência. Esta pode ter um expressão mundial, predominando em certos continentes, mas pode ter uma expressão nacional nos grandes centros urbanos ou mesmo institucional, aparecendo até agora ligada aos hospitais, clínicas e instituições que tratam ou apoiam doentes com SIDA. Não é conhecida a prevalência da multirresistência em Portugal, mas os médicos que tratam a Tuberculose em doentes com SIDA conhecem bem o fenómeno. Na criança, a resistência secundária é muito rara e o contágio por uma estirpe multirresistente pode acontecer, embora, até ao momento, tenham sido raros os casos comunicados de TB multirresistente em menores de 15 anos. A suspeição clínica deve ser uma constante e, em todas as crianças com TB doença, deve tentar-se o isolamento do BK e submeter este a um teste de sensibilidade. O autor, aconselhando um alerta máximo em relação à multirresistência, julga prudente, por agora, manter os esquemas terapêuticos até aqui usados na TB doença e os que recomenda para a TB infecção.

Los poblados de colonización en la "zona de Levante" 1950-1970

Capítulo del libro sobre `Pueblos de colonización durante del franquismo` (2008) dedicado a los poblados de la Zona de Levante. El presente capítulo estudia tanto la arquitectura (pública y privada) como los planteamientos urbanísticos de los poblados de colonización de nueva planta como los de sustitución de poblados existentes (que quedan sepultados por las obras hidráulicas y sus zonas de afección) en el periodo de 1939 a 1973 en la 'Zona de Levante' (Castellón, Valencia, Alicante, Albacete y Murcia). En especial se presta atención a los criterios de ordenación urbanística, a los espacios y equipamientos públicos (plazas, iglesias, ayuntamientos, escuelas y cooperativas) y a las viviendas con sus anexos agropecuarios. Se plantea una revisión de las críticas que se centran en las cuestiones epidérmicas decorativas para realizar un análisis en profundidad de la 'modernidad' desde criterios de estándares urbanísticos y arquitectónicos en el contexto español y europeo de la época. Se estudian pueblos de las riberas del Turia y del Júcar en Valencia, del Segura en Albacete y Murcia (como Cañada de Agra o Jumilla) y de Alicante (como El Realengo y San Isidro de Albatera). Se termina con una valoración sobre sus valores patrimoniales arquitectónicos (individuales) y urbanísticos (de conjunto) dentro de los parámetros de la Arquitectura Moderna del siglo XX.

Presence of an oligodendroglioma-like component in newly diagnosed glioblastoma identifies a pathogenetically heterogeneous subgroup and lacks prognostic value: central pathology review of the EORTC_26981/NCIC_CE.3 trial.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a morphologically heterogeneous tumor type with a median survival of only 15 months in clinical trial populations. However, survival varies greatly among patients. As part of a central pathology review, we addressed the question if patients with GBM displaying distinct morphologic features respond differently to combined chemo-radiotherapy with temozolomide. Morphologic features were systematically recorded for 360 cases with particular focus on the presence of an oligodendroglioma-like component and respective correlations with outcome and relevant molecular markers. GBM with an oligodendroglioma-like component (GBM-O) represented 15% of all confirmed GBM (52/339) and was not associated with a more favorable outcome. GBM-O encompassed a pathogenetically heterogeneous group, significantly enriched for IDH1 mutations (19 vs. 3%, p = 0.003) and EGFR amplifications (71 vs. 48%, p = 0.04) compared with other GBM, while co-deletion of 1p/19q was found in only one case and the MGMT methylation frequency was alike (47 vs. 46%). Expression profiles classified most of the GBM-O into two subtypes, 36% (5/14 evaluable) as proneural and 43% as classical GBM. The detection of pseudo-palisading necrosis (PPN) was associated with benefit from chemotherapy (p = 0.0002), while no such effect was present in the absence of PPN (p = 0.86). In the adjusted interaction model including clinical prognostic factors and MGMT status, PPN was borderline nonsignificant (p = 0.063). Taken together, recognition of an oligodendroglioma-like component in an otherwise classic GBM identifies a pathogenetically mixed group without prognostic significance. However, the presence of PPN may indicate biological features of clinical relevance for further improvement of therapy.

Permis echangeables de pollution: solution a 3 problemes relies a leurs echanges.

Rapport de recherche

Chiral Templating Activity of Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Cation in the Design of Three-Dimensional (3D) Optically Active Oxalate-Bridged {[Ru(bpy) 3 ][Cu 2 x Ni 2(1 - x ) (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ]} n (0 ≤ x ≤ 1; bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine): Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Studies

Three-dimensional oxalate-based {[Ru(bpy)3][Cu2xNi2(1-x)(ox)3]}n (0≤ x ≤ 1, ox = C2O42-, bpy = 2,2‘bipyridine) were synthesized. The structure was determined for x = 1 by X-ray diffraction on single crystal. The compound crystallizes in the cubic space group P4132. It shows a three-dimensional 10-gon 3-connected (10,3) anionic network where copper(II) has an unusual tris(bischelated) environment. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and their Rietveld refinement show that all the compounds along the series are isostructural and single-phased. According to X-ray absorption spectroscopy, copper(II) and nickel(II) have an octahedral environment, respectively elongated and trigonally distorted. As shown by natural circular dichroism, the optically active forms of {[Ru(bpy)3][CuxNi2(1-x)(ox)3]}n are obtained starting from resolved Δ- or Λ-[Ru(bpy)3]2+. The Curie−Weiss temperatures range between −55 (x = 1) and −150 K (x = 0). The antiferromagnetic exchange interaction thus decreases when the copper contents increases in agreement with the crystallographic structure of the compounds and the electronic structure of the metal ions. At low temperature, the compounds exhibit complex long-range ordered magnetic behavior.

Solar radiation over and under sea ice and photographic quantification of Ice algal aggregates during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVII/3 (IceArc) in summer 2012

The ice cover of the Arctic Ocean has been changing dramatically in the last decades and the consequences for the sea-ice associated ecosystem remain difficult to assess. Algal aggregates underneath sea ice have been described sporadically but the frequency and distribution of their occurrence is not well quantified. We used upward looking images obtained by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to derive estimates of ice algal aggregate biomass and to investigate their spatial distribution. During the IceArc expedition (ARK-XXVII/3) of RV Polarstern in late summer 2012, different types of algal aggregates were observed floating underneath various ice types in the Central Arctic basins. Our results show that the floe scale distribution of algal aggregates in late summer is very patchy and determined by the topography of the ice underside, with aggregates collecting in dome shaped structures and at the edges of pressure ridges. The buoyancy of the aggregates was also evident from analysis of the aggregate size distribution. Different approaches used to estimate aggregate biomass yield a wide range of results. This highlights that special care must be taken when upscaling observations and comparing results from surveys conducted using different methods or on different spatial scales.