1000 resultados para 7136-152
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This study investigates the landscape evolution and soil development in the loess area near Regensburg between approximately 6000-2000 yr BP (radiocarbon years), Eastern Bavaria. The focus is on the question how man and climate influenced landscape evolution and what their relative significance was. The theoretical background concerning the factors that controlled prehistoric soil erosion in Middle Europe is summarized with respect to rainfall intensity and distribution, pedogenesis, Pleistocene relief, and prehistoric farming. Colluvial deposits , flood loams, and soils were studied at ten different and representative sites that served as archives of their respective palaeoenvironments. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and pedological methods were applied. According to the findings presented here, there was a high asynchronity of landscape evolution in the investigation area, which was due to prehistoric land-use patterns. Prehistoric land use and settlement caused highly difIerenciated phases of morphodynamic activity and stability in time and space. These are documented at the single catenas ofeach site. In general, Pleistocene relief was substantially lowered. At the same time smaller landforms such as dells and minor asymmetric valleys filled up and strongly transformed. However, there were short phases at many sites, forming short lived linear erosion features ('Runsen'), resulting from exceptional rainfalls. These forms are results of single events without showing regional trends. Generally, the onset of the sedimentation of colluvial deposits took place much earlier (usually 3500 yr BP (radiocarbon) and younger) than the formation of flood loams. Thus, the deposition of flood loams in the Kleine Laaber river valley started mainly as a consequence of iron age farming only at around 2500 yr BP (radiocarbon). A cascade system explains the different ages of colluvial deposits and flood loams: as a result of prehistoric land use, dells and other minor Pleistocene landforms were filled with colluvial sediments. After the filling of these primary sediment traps , eroded material was transported into flood plains, thus forming flood loams. But at the moment we cannot quantify the extent ofprehistoric soil erosion in the investigation area. The three factors that controlled the prehistoric Iandscapc evolution in the Ioess area near Regensburg are as follows: 1. The transformation from a natural to a prehistoric cultural landscape was the most important factor: A landscape with stable relief was changed into a highly morphodynamic one with soil erosion as the dominant process of this change. 2. The sediment traps of the pre-anthropogenic relief determined where the material originated from soil erosion was deposited: either sedimentation took place on the slopes or the filled sediment traps of the slopes rendered flood loam formation possible. Climatic influence of any importance can only be documented as the result of land use in connection with singular and/or statistic events of heavy rainfalls. Without human impact, no significant change in the Holocene landscape would have been possible.
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Electroencephalography is mandatory to determine the epilepsy syndrome. However, for the precise localization of the irritative zone in patients with focal epilepsy, costly and sometimes cumbersome imaging techniques are used. Recent small studies using electric source imaging suggest that electroencephalography itself could be used to localize the focus. However, a large prospective validation study is missing. This study presents a cohort of 152 operated patients where electric source imaging was applied as part of the pre-surgical work-up allowing a comparison with the results from other methods. Patients (n = 152) with >1 year postoperative follow-up were studied prospectively. The sensitivity and specificity of each imaging method was defined by comparing the localization of the source maximum with the resected zone and surgical outcome. Electric source imaging had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% if the electroencephalogram was recorded with a large number of electrodes (128-256 channels) and the individual magnetic resonance image was used as head model. These values compared favourably with those of structural magnetic resonance imaging (76% sensitivity, 53% specificity), positron emission tomography (69% sensitivity, 44% specificity) and ictal/interictal single-photon emission-computed tomography (58% sensitivity, 47% specificity). The sensitivity and specificity of electric source imaging decreased to 57% and 59%, respectively, with low number of electrodes (<32 channels) and a template head model. This study demonstrated the validity and clinical utility of electric source imaging in a large prospective study. Given the low cost and high flexibility of electroencephalographic systems even with high channel counts, we conclude that electric source imaging is a highly valuable tool in pre-surgical epilepsy evaluation.
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Review of the Nurse Consultant Role Northern Ireland 2005
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Summary of the findings for 2002/03 from the five collaborating centres in NI
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Dass der Weg der parlamentarischen Mitwirkung im Bereich der Aussenpolitik steinig werden sollte, widerspiegelte sich bereits in der Entstehungsgeschichte der Aussenpolitischen Kommissionen (APK). Diese haben zum heutigen Zeitpunkt unter anderem dafür zu sorgen, dass das Parlament seine Mitwirkungsrechte in auswärtigen Angelegenheiten frühzeitig und wirk¬sam wahrnehmen kann. Nebst verschiedensten Instrumenten auf Verfassungs- und Gesetzesebene steht den APK ein wichtiges Mitwirkungsinstrument zur Verfügung: die Information und Konsultation gemäss Art. 152 Parlamentsgesetz (ParlG). Seit Inkrafttreten dieser Bestimmung im Dezember 2003 offenbart sich jedoch, dass sich die praktische Umsetzung des Gesetzesartikels mit den damaligen Vorstellungen des Gesetzgebers anlässlich der Erarbeitung dieses parlamentarischen Instrumentes nicht deckt. Der Gesetzgeber wies seiner¬zeit auf das für die Umsetzung bedeutende Vertrauensverhältnis zwischen Bundesrat und Parlament hin. Allerdings beeinflussen nun Spannungen und Konkurrenz zwischen der Exekutive und der Legislative die Umsetzung von Art. 152 ParlG. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, die geschichtlichen Hintergründe, die Entstehung, den Sinn und Zweck sowie die Praxis von Art. 152 ParlG vor dem Hintergrund des erwähnten Spannungsfelds und im Zusammenspiel mit den weiteren Mitwirkungsinstrumenten im Bereich der Aussenpolitik darzulegen. Comme le montre déjà l'historique des Commissions de politique extérieure (CPE), la participation du Parlement à la politique extérieure n'est pas dénuée d'obstacles. A l'heure actuelle, les CPE doivent notamment faire en sorte que le Parlement puisse faire valoir, en amont et avec efficacité, son droit de participation dans le domaine de la politique étrangère de la Suisse. Outre divers instruments figurant dans la Constitution et les lois, les CPE disposent d'un important moyen de participation: l'information et la consultation au sens de l'art. 152 de la loi sur le Parlement (LParl). Depuis l'entrée en vigueur de cette disposition en décembre 2003, il s'avère toutefois que l'application concrète de cet article de loi ne ré¬pond pas entièrement aux attentes du législateur lors de l'élaboration de cet instrument parlementaire. En effet, le législateur s'était alors basé sur la relation de confiance entre le Conseil fédéral et le Parlement, relation essentielle à la mise en oeuvre de cet article. La pratique montre cependant que la mise en oeuvre de l'art. 152 LParl est influencée par des tensions et par une relation de concurrence existant entre l'exécutif et le législatif. Le présent travail entend exposer le contexte historique de l'art. 152 LParl, son élaboration, son but et sa mise en oeuvre, tout en tenant compte des éléments de tension et des autres instruments permettant la participation en matière de politique extérieure.
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Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.
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Ninety-six clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Nigeria were characterized phenotypically and genetically. Twelve multidrug-resistant methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates carrying a new staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element and a high proportion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were observed. The cooccurrence of multidrug-resistant MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA isolates entails the risk of emergence of a multidrug-resistant PVL-positive MRSA clone.