Higher Ground : Stevie Wonder och New Age

Syftet med min uppsats är att jämföra religiösa företeelser från tre av Stevie Wonders album med New Age för att på så sätt uttröna om Stevie Wonders texter påverkats av New Age- föreställningar. Jag hittar både skillnader och likheter när jag jämför det religiösa budskapet i Stevie Wonders texter med New Age. De New Age- företeelser som går att hitta i texterna är få i förhållande till New Age i sin helhet och det är svårt att avgöra vilka influenser som kommer ifrån Stevie Wonder, New Age eller den omgivande motståndsrörelsen. Det finns dock, enligt mig, absolut en koppling.

Sydafrikanska ungdomars syn på demokrati

Uppsatsen har till syfte att belysa sydafrikanska ungdomars syn på demokrati och jämföra denna med ungas syn på demokrati under 70-talet, när de stod i främsta ledet i kampen mot apartheid. Genom att intervjua ett litet antal ungdomar i Kapstadens förorter har jag fått en aning om hur de tänker omkring det nya politiska system som styr Sydafrika idag. Jag har jämfört dessa intervjuer med material från litteratur om ungdomars kamp mot apartheid för att försöka se om synen på demokrati förändrats något medan landet gått från apartheid till demokrati. Utifrån intervjuerna tycker jag mig kunna se ett missnöje med den demokrati som vuxit fram i Sydafrika efter apartheid. Efter tio år kan man se att processen har börjat men också att det går väldigt långsamt, något som är frustrerande när man är ung.Under kampen mot apartheid fanns en fiende, den rasistiska vita maktstrukturen, som man med alla medel försökte förgöra. Det fanns också ett tydligt mål, att införa demokrati och den drömmen förverkligades 1994. I ett demokratiskt samhälle är fienden inte lika tydlig och förändringar är inte lika drastiska. Många av dagen ungdomar har en liknande syn på demokrati som de på 70-talet, men de har även fått upptäcka demokratins baksidor och är därför många gånger inte lika entusiastiska som sina föregångare.

Grundläggande förutsättningar för solfångare med interna reflektorer : en kunskapsöversikt

Syftet med föreliggande rapport har varit att visa på de grundläggande egenskaperna för solfångare med interna reflektorer. Vidare tjänar rapporten syftet att ge en bild av dagsläget inom detta område och därigenom fungera som en utgångspunkt för forskning och utveckling kring solfångare med interna reflektorer för svenskt bruk. Arbetet har därför till stor del gått ut på att leta referenser genom tidskrifter och databaser.Den stora fördelen med CPC-solfångare, som är den klart dominerande typen av solfångare med interna reflektorer, består i dess låga värmeförluster, vilket gör dem attraktiva speciellt vid högre driftstemperaturer. De optiska egenskaperna hos olika typer av CPC-solfångare har grundligt studerats sedan mitten av 70-talet, medan studier av värmeförluster varit mer begränsad. Idag har forskningen och intresset för CPC-solfångare mattats av något, men fortsatt forskning pågår t ex i ett flertal länder, t ex USA, Israel, NordIrland och Japan. Endast en kommersiell tillverkare av CPC-solfångare har hittats (Portugal), vilken dock upphört p g a yttre ekonomiska faktorer. Japans CPC-teknologi anses stå närmast kommersiellt genombrott.Idag har utvecklingen av CPC-solfångare inriktats mot i huvudsak två koncept:1. Stationära lågkoncentrerande CPC-solfångare för produktion av värme i området 60-100 grader C. Dessa konstruktioner är ofta enkla och man försöker minimera kostnaderna för dessa konstruktioner genom att minimera behovet av t ex reflektorer och isolering. Syftet med dessa är att konkurera med plana solfångare vilka producerar värme i samma temperaturintervall. Typiska solfångarparametrar 5 som rapporteras för denna typ är UL < 3.0 W/m2 ,°C och n0 = 0.65-0.75.2. Stationära lågkoncentrerande CPC-solfångare för produktion av värme i området 100-300 grader C. Ofta bygger dessa på olika teknik för evakuering av absorbatorn, antingen genom att omsluta cirkulära absorbatorer med glasrör eller genom att införa CPC-reflektorer i heatpipes. Syftet med dessa är ofta att på ett billigt sätt producera högtemperaturvärme för olika industriprocesser, och därmed konkurera med koncentrerande solfångare typ paraboliska tråg eller traditionella heat-pipes.Beräkningar av vad en Svensk CPC-solfångare, baserad på de plana absorbatorer som finns på marknaden idag, kan prestera visar att årsutbytet av energi är jämförbart med de bästa svenska plana solfångaren som finns på marknaden idag då driftstemperaturen är ca 60-65 °C. För högre driftstemperaturer ökar skillnaden till CPC-solfångarens fördel. Vidare visas att årsutbytet har en jämnare fördelning över året jämfört, med vad en plan solfångare med samma prestanda har. Den högre prestandan vid höga driftstemperaturer och den jämnare fördelningen av energiproduktion över året gör solfångare med CPC-reflektorer intressanta för större solfångarfält, kopplade till nät med höga returtemperaturer och/eller solvärmesystem med säsongslager.Det är dock brist på undersökningar av värmeförluster i CPC-solfångare med låga koncentrationer och med plana absorbatorer, vilket är av intresse ifall de svenska erfarenheterna av plana solfångare skall tas tillvara. Potentialen med ytterligare reduktion av värmeförlusterna genom att införa extra konvektionshinder i kombination med plan absorbator har inte heller undersökts tillräckligt.

Exercise-recruited NK cells display exercise-associated eHSP-70

It is hypothesized that increased plasma or serum concentrations of extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSP) serve as a danger signal to the innate immune system. Cellular binding of eHSP leads to activation of NK cells and monocytes, as measured by their increased cytokine production, mitotic division and killing capacity. We examined whether eHSP binds to NK lymphocytes in vivo in athletes performing endurance exercise in the heat. Eighteen trained male runners ran at 70% VO2max at 35 degrees C and 40% relative humidity. Venous blood collected before, after and 1.5 h after exercise was analysed for leukocyte distribution, phenotype and eHSP70. NK cell-enriched samples were examined for co-localization of CD94 and eHSP70 expression. Plasma eHSP-70 concentration was measured by ELISA. Subjects ran for approximately 50 min, which elicited a reversible leukocytosis. NK cell count increased 83% (p < 0.01) immediately after exercise, then decreased to 66% of the resting level 1.5 h after exercise (p < 0.05). Plasma eHSP concentration increased 167% after exercise and remained elevated (by up to 71%) 1.5 h after exercise (p < 0.01). eHSP was expressed on both NK cells and monocytes at all times; the count of NK cells positive for eHSP doubled from 0.04 +/- 0.02 10(9)/L (mean +/- SD) to 0.08 +/- 0.06 10(9)/L after exercise. In summary, exercise in the heat increased free plasma eHSP concentration, and the eHSP co-localized with CD94 on NK cells. These data confirm the link between exercise and activation of the innate immune system.

Election fact check : does Murdoch own 70% of newspapers in Australia?

"One of the more spirited discussions of the first week of this federal election campaign has concerned whether News Corp Australia, as our largest print media company, has a vested interest in the election outcome..."--publisher website

Consensus σ70 promoter prediction using hadoop

MapReduce frameworks such as Hadoop are well suited to handling large sets of data which can be processed separately and independently, with canonical applications in information retrieval and sales record analysis. Rapid advances in sequencing technology have ensured an explosion in the availability of genomic data, with a consequent rise in the importance of large scale comparative genomics, often involving operations and data relationships which deviate from the classical Map Reduce structure. This work examines the application of Hadoop to patterns of this nature, using as our focus a wellestablished workflow for identifying promoters - binding sites for regulatory proteins - Across multiple gene regions and organisms, coupled with the unifying step of assembling these results into a consensus sequence. Our approach demonstrates the utility of Hadoop for problems of this nature, showing how the tyranny of the "dominant decomposition" can be at least partially overcome. It also demonstrates how load balance and the granularity of parallelism can be optimized by pre-processing that splits and reorganizes input files, allowing a wide range of related problems to be brought under the same computational umbrella.

Reliability and validity of physical fitness field tests for adults aged 55 to 70 years

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of field tests for assessing physical function in mid-aged and young-old people (55-70 y). Tests were selected that required minimal space and equipment and could be implemented in multiple field settings such as a general practitioner's office. Nineteen participants completed 2 field and I laboratory testing sessions. Intra-class correlations showed good reliability for the tests of upper body strength (lift and reach, R=.66), lower body strength (sit to stand, R=.80) and functional capacity (Canadian Step Test, R=.92), but not for leg power (single timed chair rise, R=.28). There was also good reliability for the balance test during 3 stances: parallel (94.7% agreement), semi-tandem (73.7%), and tandem (52.6%). Comparison of field test results with objective laboratory measures found good validity for the sit to stand (cf 1RM leg press, Pearson r=.68, p <.05), and for the step test (cf PWC140, r = -.60, p <.001), but not for the lift and reach (cf 1RM bench press, r=.43, p >.05), balance (r=-.13, -.18, .23) and rate of force development tests (r=-.28). It was concluded that the lower body strength and cardiovascular function tests were appropriate for use in field settings with mid-aged and young-old adults.

Eight dead, 70 missing as flash floods strike Queensland

"Eight people are dead and there are grave fears the toll may rise with at least 70 missing after flash floods swept through southeastern Queensland."

Corrections: Association of variants in MMEL1 and CTLA4 with rheumatoid arthritis in the Han Chinese population (Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011) 70, (1793-1797))

Patrick Danoy, Meng Wei, Hadler Johanna, et al. Association of variants in MMEL1 and CTLA4 with rheumatoid arthritis in the Han Chinese population. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:1793–97. The following authors were listed as contributing equally to the study...

Heat shock protein 70 on Neuro2a cells is a putative receptor for Japanese encephalitis virus

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope (E) protein has been shown to play a critical role in attachment to cells. However, the receptor interacting with envelope protein has not been conclusively identified. Using mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) cells and purified JEV-E protein in `Virus Overlay Protein Binding Assay' followed by MALDI-TOF analysis, we identified `heat shock protein 70' (Hsp70) as a possible receptor for JEV. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow-cytometry analysis demonstrated localization of Hsp70 on Neuro2a cell surface. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis reconfirmed the interaction between Hsp70 and JEV-E protein. Further, anti-Hsp70 polyclonal-antibodies were able to block JEV entry into Neuro2a cells. Additionally, using the bioinformatic tool - FTDOCK, clocking between the proteins was performed. Amongst six interacting structural poses studied one pose involving RGD motif on JEV-E and leucine(539) on Hsp70 displayed stable interaction. These observations indicate that Hsp70 serves as putative receptor for JEV in Neuro2A cells.

Polypharmacy among inpatients aged 70 years or older in Australia

Objectives To investigate medication changes for older patients admitted to hospital and to explore associations between patient characteristics and polypharmacy. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants and setting Patients aged 70 years or older admitted to general medical units of 11 acute care hospitals in two Australian states between July 2005 and May 2010. All patients were assessed using the interRAI assessment system for acute care. Main outcome measures Measures of physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning; and number of regular prescribed medications categorised into three groups: non-polypharmacy (0–4 drugs), polypharmacy (5–9 drugs) and hyperpolypharmacy (≥ 10 drugs). Results Of 1220 patients who were recruited for the study, medication records at admission were available for 1216. Mean age was 81.3 years (SD, 6.8 years), and 659 patients (54.2%) were women. For the 1187 patients with complete medication records on admission and discharge, there was a small but statistically significant increase in mean number of regular medications per day between admission and discharge (7.1 v 7.6), while the prevalence of medications such as statins (459 [38.7%] v 457 [38.5%] patients), opioid analgesics (155 [13.1%] v 166 [14.0%] patients), antipsychotics (59 [5.0%] v 65 [5.5%] patients) and benzodiazepines (122 [10.3%] v 135 [11.4%] patients) did not change significantly. Being in a higher polypharmacy category was significantly associated with increase in comorbidities (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20–1.34), presence of pain (OR, 1.31; 1.05–1.64), dyspnoea (OR, 1.64; 1.30–2.07) and dependence in terms of instrumental activities of daily living (OR, 1.70; 1.20–2.41). Hyperpolypharmacy was observed in 290/1216 patients (23.8%) at admission and 336/1187 patients (28.3%) on discharge, and the proportion of preventive medication in the hyperpolypharmacy category at both points in time remained high (1209/3371 [35.9%] at admission v 1508/4117 [36.6%] at discharge). Conclusions Polypharmacy is common among older people admitted to general medical units of Australian hospitals, with no clinically meaningful change to the number or classification (symptom control, prevention or both) of drugs made by treating physicians.

Spatial and temporal variability in midge (Nematocera) assemblages in shallow Finnish lakes (60−70 °N) : community-based modelling of past environmental change

Multi- and intralake datasets of fossil midge assemblages in surface sediments of small shallow lakes in Finland were studied to determine the most important environmental factors explaining trends in midge distribution and abundance. The aim was to develop palaeoenvironmental calibration models for the most important environmental variables for the purpose of reconstructing past environmental conditions. The developed models were applied to three high-resolution fossil midge stratigraphies from southern and eastern Finland to interpret environmental variability over the past 2000 years, with special focus on the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the Little Ice Age (LIA) and recent anthropogenic changes. The midge-based results were compared with physical properties of the sediment, historical evidence and environmental reconstructions based on diatoms (Bacillariophyta), cladocerans (Crustacea: Cladocera) and tree rings. The results showed that the most important environmental factor controlling midge distribution and abundance along a latitudinal gradient in Finland was the mean July air temperature (TJul). However, when the dataset was environmentally screened to include only pristine lakes, water depth at the sampling site became more important. Furthermore, when the dataset was geographically scaled to southern Finland, hypolimnetic oxygen conditions became the dominant environmental factor. The results from an intralake dataset from eastern Finland showed that the most important environmental factors controlling midge distribution within a lake basin were river contribution, water depth and submerged vegetation patterns. In addition, the results of the intralake dataset showed that the fossil midge assemblages represent fauna that lived in close proximity to the sampling sites, thus enabling the exploration of within-lake gradients in midge assemblages. Importantly, this within-lake heterogeneity in midge assemblages may have effects on midge-based temperature estimations, because samples taken from the deepest point of a lake basin may infer considerably colder temperatures than expected, as shown by the present test results. Therefore, it is suggested here that the samples in fossil midge studies involving shallow boreal lakes should be taken from the sublittoral, where the assemblages are most representative of the whole lake fauna. Transfer functions between midge assemblages and the environmental forcing factors that were significantly related with the assemblages, including mean air TJul, water depth, hypolimnetic oxygen, stream flow and distance to littoral vegetation, were developed using weighted averaging (WA) and weighted averaging-partial least squares (WA-PLS) techniques, which outperformed all the other tested numerical approaches. Application of the models in downcore studies showed mostly consistent trends. Based on the present results, which agreed with previous studies and historical evidence, the Medieval Climate Anomaly between ca. 800 and 1300 AD in eastern Finland was characterized by warm temperature conditions and dry summers, but probably humid winters. The Little Ice Age (LIA) prevailed in southern Finland from ca. 1550 to 1850 AD, with the coldest conditions occurring at ca. 1700 AD, whereas in eastern Finland the cold conditions prevailed over a longer time period, from ca. 1300 until 1900 AD. The recent climatic warming was clearly represented in all of the temperature reconstructions. In the terms of long-term climatology, the present results provide support for the concept that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index has a positive correlation with winter precipitation and annual temperature and a negative correlation with summer precipitation in eastern Finland. In general, the results indicate a relatively warm climate with dry summers but snowy winters during the MCA and a cool climate with rainy summers and dry winters during the LIA. The results of the present reconstructions and the forthcoming applications of the models can be used in assessments of long-term environmental dynamics to refine the understanding of past environmental reference conditions and natural variability required by environmental scientists, ecologists and policy makers to make decisions concerning the presently occurring global, regional and local changes. The developed midge-based models for temperature, hypolimnetic oxygen, water depth, littoral vegetation shift and stream flow, presented in this thesis, are open for scientific use on request.

Vykopirovka iz obshschego plana Bii︠u︡k-Onlarskoǐ dachi razverstanii︠a︡ na uchastok Komzet'a Nº 70/31

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