Humoral autoimmune response heterogeneity in the spectrum of primary biliary cirrhosis

Objective To compare autoantibody features in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and individuals presenting antimitochondria antibodies (AMAs) but no clinical or biochemical evidence of disease. Methods A total of 212 AMA-positive serum samples were classified into four groups: PBC (definite PBC, n = 93); PBC/autoimmune disease (AID; PBC plus other AID, n = 37); biochemically normal (BN) individuals (n = 61); and BN/AID (BN plus other AID, n = 21). Samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on rat kidney (IIF-AMA) and ELISA [antibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase E2-complex (PDC-E2), gp-210, Sp-100, and CENP-A/B]. AMA isotype was determined by IIF-AMA. Affinity of anti-PDC-E2 IgG was determined by 8 M urea-modified ELISA. Results High-titer IIF-AMA was more frequent in PBC and PBC/AID (57 and 70 %) than in BN and BN/AID samples (23 and 19 %) (p < 0.001). Triple isotype IIF-AMA (IgA/IgM/IgG) was more frequent in PBC and PBC/AID samples (35 and 43 %) than in BN sample (18 %; p = 0.008; p = 0.013, respectively). Anti-PDC-E2 levels were higher in PBC (mean 3.82; 95 % CI 3.36–4.29) and PBC/AID samples (3.89; 3.15–4.63) than in BN (2.43; 1.92–2.94) and BN/AID samples (2.52; 1.54–3.50) (p < 0.001). Anti-PDC-E2 avidity was higher in PBC (mean 64.5 %; 95 % CI 57.5–71.5 %) and PBC/AID samples (66.1 %; 54.4–77.8 %) than in BN samples (39.2 %; 30.9–37.5 %) (p < 0.001). PBC and PBC/AID recognized more cell domains (mitochondria, nuclear envelope, PML/sp-100 bodies, centromere) than BN (p = 0.008) and BN/AID samples (p = 0.002). Three variables were independently associated with established PBC: high-avidity anti-PDC-E2 (OR 4.121; 95 % CI 2.118–8.019); high-titer IIF-AMA (OR 4.890; 2.319–10.314); antibodies to three or more antigenic cell domains (OR 9.414; 1.924–46.060). Conclusion The autoantibody profile was quantitatively and qualitatively more robust in definite PBC as compared with AMA-positive biochemically normal individuals.

Condiciones de vulnerabilidad social : Los detenidos y sus grupos de referencia

Fil: Azcacibar, Mariel Lucía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Condiciones de vulnerabilidad social : Los detenidos y sus grupos de referencia

Fil: Azcacibar, Mariel Lucía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Condiciones de vulnerabilidad social : Los detenidos y sus grupos de referencia

Fil: Azcacibar, Mariel Lucía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Evaluación de dos tipos de fertilizantes orgánico (gallinaza y estiércol vacuno) y un mineral en el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variedad DOR-364, postrera 2001

El presente trabajo fue realizado en el departamento de Carazo municipio de San Marcos en El Centro Experimental La Compañía, ubicado en el km 45 de la carretera San Marcos-Masatepe, durante la época lluviosa de postrera del año 2001. Los suelos de esta zona son de origen volcánico (Andisol), pertenecen a la serie Masatepe, con textura franco limosa, presentando alto contenido de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y potasio, pero deficiente en fósforo. Este suelo puede ser considerado adecuado para la mayoría de los cultivos. En La Compañía las precipitaciones varían entre 1200 y 1500 mm/año. El propósito del experimento fue evaluar la respuesta del cultivo frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a tres fuentes de fertilizantes (gallinaza, estiércol vacuno y mineral) sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo. Se empleó un arreglo unifactorial en diseño de bloques completos al azar (BCA), definiendo siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental estuvo conformada por un área de 20 m2. La variedad en estudio fue la DOR – 364. Los tratamientos consistieron en dosis media y alta de cada material fertilizante. La dosis media se calculó basado en los requerimientos del cultivo por hectárea. La dosis media y alta usadas del fertilizante orgánico gallinaza fueron 3181 kg ha-1 y 6362 kg ha-1 respectivamente, para el estiércol vacuno (5286 kg ha-1 como dosis alta y 2643 kg ha-1 como dosis media). La fórmula empleada como fertilizante mineral fue la 18-46-00 con aplicaciones media de 130 kg ha-1, según recomendaciones del Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), y 260 kg ha-1. Las dosis alta se seleccionaron a discreción considerando el doble de las media. Las variables evaluadas se dividieron en dos categorías: variables de crecimiento como altura de planta (cm), número de hojas, área foliar (cm2) y altura de inserción de la primera vaina (cm), y las variables del rendimiento constituidas por número de vainas por planta, número de granos por vaina, número de ramas por planta, peso de cien granos (g) y rendimiento de grano (kg ha-1). Los datos provenientes del experimento se procesaron usando análisis de varianza ANDEVA, considerando además la prueba de rangos múltiple de Tukey (P≤0.05) mediante el programa estadístico (MINITAB, 1998). El análisis de presupuesto parcial (CIMMYT, 1988) fue aplicado para estimar la viabilidad económica financiera de los tratamientos. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron una respuesta significativa diferente a la aplicación de las fuentes de fertilizante, resultando estadísticamente iguales la fertilización mineral y gallinaza en dosis alta, superando a todos los tratamientos con rendimientos promedios de 2823.27 kg ha1 y 2712.82 kg ha-1 respectivamente, seguido por los tratamientos estiércol vacuno alto con rendimiento de 2528.47 kg ha-1 y gallinaza media con 2505.58 kg ha-1 en una segunda categoría estadística. En cuanto al comportamiento vegetativo, los resultados indican que estadísticamente existe significancia al evaluar el promedio de hojas a los 15, 29 y 36 días después de la siembra y promedio de área foliar a los 15, 36 y 43 días después de la siembra. La variable altura de planta os tentó los mayores promedios con los tratamientos gallinaza alta y fertilizante mineral dosis alta en una misma categoría estadística únicamente a los 36 días después de la siembra. El análisis económico muestra que el tratamiento con fertilización orgánico gallinaza con dosis media obtuvo los mayor es beneficios económicos con U$ 4.76 por cada dólar invertido, sin embargo, agronómicamente los mayores rendimientos se producen con la fertilización mineral dosis alta.

RH maps of bovine chromosomes 15 and 29: conservation of human chromosomes 11 and 5

Comparative mapping data on evolutionary conserved coding sequences and synteny maps between human and cattle are insufficient to define the extent and distribution of conserved segments between these two species, because the order of loci is often rearranged. A 5000-rad cattle whole-genome radiation hybrid (WG-RH) panel was constructed to provide high-resolution comparative maps and also to integrate linkage maps of microsatellites with evolutionary conserved genes and transcripts in a single ordered map. We used the WG-RH panel to construct radiation hybrid maps of bovine Chromosomes (Chrs) 15 and 29 (BTA15 and BTA29), integrating microsatellites from published linkage maps with selected genes. The comprehensive map of BTA15 consists of 24 markers. 13 of which were placed in the framework map. Eleven molecular markers compose the comprehensive map of BTA29. seven of which were placed in the framework map. We identified the homologous regions between bovine Chr 15 (BTA15) and human Chrs 5 and 11 (HSA5 and HSA11), as well as between BTA29 and HSA11, the present study demonstrates that WG-RH mapping is an efficient method for integrating multiple genetic maps into one map and for incorporating monomorphic Type I loci into ordered maps for comparison between species.

Researching with the Aboriginal Community, MPH2057- Aboriginal Health Course (Monash University), delivered by the Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (VACCHO) & The Burnet Institute at The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 29 September 2010

A copy of the slide presentation titled 'Researching with the Aboriginal Community'. It was presented by Bronwyn Fredericks for the Master of Public Health Program (MPH2057- Aboriginal Health Course) at Monash University. The Monash University Aboriginal Health Course (MPH2057) is delivered in partnership by the Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (VACCHO) & The Burnet Institute. The 2010 Aboriginal Health Course was run on Level 3 of The Burnet Institute, 89 Commercial Road, Prahan, Melbourne, Victoria, 29 September 2010.

Closing the case of APOE in multiple sclerosis : no association with disease risk in over 29,000 subjects

Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs429358 (ε4) and rs7412 (ε2), both invoking changes in the amino-acid sequence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, have previously been tested for association with multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. However, none of these studies was sufficiently powered to detect modest effect sizes at acceptable type-I error rates. As both SNPs are only imperfectly captured on commonly used microarray genotyping platforms, their evaluation in the context of genome-wide association studies has been hindered until recently. Methods We genotyped 12 740 subjects hitherto not studied for their APOE status, imputed raw genotype data from 8739 subjects from five independent genome wide association studies datasets using the most recent high-resolution reference panels, and extracted genotype data for 8265 subjects from previous candidate gene assessments. Results Despite sufficient power to detect associations at genome-wide significance thresholds across a range of ORs, our analyses did not support a role of rs429358 or rs7412 on MS susceptibility. This included meta-analyses of the combined data across 13 913 MS cases and 15 831 controls (OR=0.95, p=0.259, and OR 1.07, p=0.0569, for rs429358 and rs7412, respectively). Conclusion Given the large sample size of our analyses, it is unlikely that the two APOE missense SNPs studied here exert any relevant effects on MS susceptibility.

Methodology to predict the safety performance of rural multilane highways [Final Report for NCHRP Project 17-29]

The objective of this research is to develop a methodology that predicts the safety performance of various elements considered in the planning, design, and operation of nonlimited- access rural multilane highways.

Recovery from first-episode psychosis and recovering self: A qualitative study

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the subjective factors associated with the experience of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the very first stages of recovery to develop our understanding of this process and improve treatment outcomes. Method Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the experiences of 20 young people who had recently experienced FEP. Results Two broad superordinate themes captured essential thematic trends in the data: experiences of self-estrangement and self-consolidation. The concept of dialogical self was used to understand the effect of psychosis on self and the process of resuming familiar social positions to facilitate recovery. The concept of making meaning after traumatic events was also applied to the narratives of personal growth that participants formed. Those who reported subjective improvements in recovery were more likely to have developed a meaningful interpretation of their psychosis, strengthened relationships with others, and forged a stronger sense of self. Conclusions and Implications for Practice The experience of self-consolidation was strongly associated with the person’s resumption of familiar social roles and their ability to make meaning from their experience in a way that promoted personal growth. Although these processes are known to be part of personal recovery, this study highlights their importance in the very early stages of recovery immediately after the experience of FEP.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Samoan women aged 18 to 29 and assessment of possible risk factors: a community-based study

Background Knowledge about genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections in the Pacific is limited. In this study we investigated CT infection in Samoan women. Methods We recruited women having unprotected sex aged 18 to 29 years from 41 Samoan villages. They completed a questionnaire and provided a urine sample for CT testing by PCR. Associations between CT infection and possible risk factors were explored using logistic regression. Results Altogether, 239 women were recruited; 86 (36.0%; weighted estimate of prevalence: 41.9%; 95% CI: 33.4–50.5%) were positive for CT infection. A higher proportion of women aged 18 to 24 were positive (54/145; 37.2%) than those aged 25 to 29 (32/94; 34.0%; p=0.20). Being single (OR 1.92; 95% CI: 1.02–3.63) and having two or more lifetime sexual partners (OR 3.02; 95% CI: 1.19–7.67) were associated with CT infection; 27.6% of those with one lifetime partner were positive. Participants who had a previous pregnancy were less likely to be positive (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27–0.87). Primiparous and multiparous women were less likely to be positive than nulliparous women (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30–0.99 and OR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24–0.89, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of CT infection in these Samoan women is very high. Further studies, including investigating the prevalence of CT infection in men, and strategies for sustainable control are needed.