Genetic parameters for postweaning traits in Braunvieh cattle

Genetic parameters for traits related to postweaning growth in Braunvieh cattle, reared under tropical and sub-tropical conditions in Brazil, were studied. Weight traits were weight at 365 days of age (W365, N = 4055), at 450 days (W450, N = 3453), and at 550 days (W550, N = 1946), while weight gains were gain from weaning to 365 days of age (WGW365, N = 3060), from weaning to 450 days (WGW450, N = 2764), from weaning to 550 days (WGW550, N = 1531), from 365 to 550 days of age (WG365550, N = 1528), from 365 to 450 days (WG365450, N = 2401), and from 450 to 550 days (WG450550, N = 1563). A full animal model was used for estimating the variance components, using the MTDFREML software. The dataset contained 18,688 animals with phenotypic measures and 35,188 animals in the relationship matrix. Heritability estimates for postweaning weights decreased with age. For W365, W450 and W550, respectively, the direct heritability estimates were 0.29 +/- 0.061, 0.25 +/- 0.057, 0.16 +/- 0.060, maternal heritability was 0.20 +/- 0.035, 0.18 +/- 0.035, 0.13 +/- 0.052, and total heritability was 0.30, 0.35, 0.26. In this breed, maternal influence was found to be important up to 550 days of age. The greater genetic correlations between weights were observed for weights measured at shorter intervals. A large environmental effect was observed for weight gain between weaning and 550 days; this effect was greater for the gains between 365 and 550 days.

Final height of adults with childhood-onset steroid-responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

The aim of this study was to evaluate the final stature of adults with childhood-onset steroid-responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and the influence of disease-related issues on the achievement of their target heights. We analyzed 60 (41 male) patients and/or their records, with a minimum age of 19 years or at a Tanner`s pubertal stage 4 for boys or status postmenarche for girls, and normal glomerular filtration rate. Mean age at first and last consultation was 5.3 +/- 2.4 years and 20.5 +/- 3.1 years, respectively. Mean follow-up period was 15.10 years. Mean cumulative dose of prednisone was 1254 +/- 831.40 mg/kg. Mean initial and final height Z scores (HtZ) were, respectively, -0.60 +/- 1.0 and -0.64 +/- 0.92 (p = 0.72). The final HtZ showed a significant correlation only with the initial HtZ and the target HtZ (THZ). Six patients achieved a final HtZ below -2, which in male patients correlated strongly to the initial HtZ and THZ. A strong correlation was demonstrated between final HtZ, initial HtZ, and THZ. INS-related issues did not prevent the final stature to reach the predicted target height.

Dimensionamento de um pavilhão misto (metálico + betão armado)

O presente documento refere-se ao Trabalho Final de Mestrado, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre do curso de Engenharia Civil, e compreende a elaboração do Ante-Projecto de um Pavilhão Misto destinado ao armazenamento de carvão mineral. A realização deste trabalho teve como principal objectivo o emprego dos conceitos apreendidos nas Unidades Curriculares do Mestrado e da Licenciatura, bem como o estudo de softwares utilizados na determinação de esforços e cálculo de estruturas (Robot Structural Analysi e Gala Reinforcement). A modelação da estrutura foi realizada recorrendo a um programa de cálculo automático Robot Structural Analysis, procurando sempre validar os resultados obtidos, através de folhas de cálculo em Excel desenvolvidas para o efeito. O dimensionamento do sistema estrutural foi efectuado sempre que possível de acordo com a regulamentação Europeia (Eurocódigos). Reuniram-se também alguns elementos relativos a estruturas deste tipo, consultando a priori, bibliografia da especialidade com o objectivo de adquirir conhecimentos mais profundos, necessários para realização deste projecto.

Definição de conjuntos de freguesias tipo para estimação eleitoral: eleições legislativas no período 1983 - 2005

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

Abordagem Cirúrgica da Rigidez do Cotovelo

O cotovelo é a articulação que mais frequentemente perde mobilidade na sequencia de traumatismos. Esta rigidez do cotovelo pode derivar de causas intrínsecas, extrínsecas ou mistas. A abordagem inicial desta patologia deve ser conservadora. A opinião clássica é que a abordagem cirúrgica desta situação tem fracos resultados clínicos e elevadas taxas de recidiva. Nos últimos 10 anos várias publicações contradizem esta impressão e descrevem séries com resultados satisfatórios a bons, principalmente quando a etiologia é extrínseca. À luz dos achados atuais é expectável uma melhoria da mobilidade em 95% dos casos e uma elevada satisfação dos doentes. Os autores apresentam uma revisão da literatura no que diz respeito à anatomia funcional e cirúrgica, indicação operatória, vias de abordagem, abordagem sequencial da rigidez e protocolos de reabilitação. As várias vias de abordagem são pormenorizadamente explicadas, com destaque para as suas vantagens, desvantagens e indicações.

Continuous fungal treatment of non-sterile veterinary hospital effluent: pharmaceuticals removal and microbial community assessment

Source point treatment of effluents with a high load of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), such as hospital wastewater, is a matter of discussion among the scientific community. Fungal treatments have been reported to be successful in degrading this type of pollutants and, therefore, the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was applied for the removal of PhACs from veterinary hospital wastewater. Sixty-six percent removal was achieved in a non-sterile batch bioreactor inoculated with T. versicolor pellets. On the other hand, the study of microbial communities by means of DGGE and phylogenetic analyses led us to identify some microbial interactions and helped us moving to a continuous process. PhAC removal efficiency achieved in the fungal treatment operated in non-sterile continuous mode was 44 % after adjusting the C/N ratio with respect to the previously calculated one for sterile treatments. Fungal and bacterial communities in the continuous bioreactors were monitored as well.

[ხ რაჲ იგი მომმადლოთ: მეცა თქნ რ მეცა რაჲ მიმიმადლებიეს თქნდა წე პირსა ქესსა]

Sin 58 1r-46v Inc. ხ რაჲ იგი მომმადლოთ მეცა თქნ რ მეცა რაჲ მიმიმადლებიეს თქნდა წე პირსა ქესსა რა არა მივიანგაჰრნეთ ჩნ ეშმაკისაგნ რ გონებასა მას მისსა არა ოჳმეცარ ვართ.; Des. რ თქნ ყნი ღთით სწავლოჳლ ხართ სიყოჳაროჳლისა თჳს ოჳრთიერთას რლ ჰყოფთცა ამას ყლთა მიმართ ძმათა რნი არიან ყლსა მაკედონიასა გლოცავ თქნ ძმანო ჰმატებდითღა თოჳ ძმანო ოჳფროჲს და პატივისცემის მოყოჳარე...; ნაკლული, დასაწყისში აკლია 6 რვეული, მე-7 რვეულიდან შემორჩენილია 6 რვეული. მთავრდება მე-12 რვეულის მე-7 ფურცლით. Sin 31 1r - 121v Inc. მოძღურად ად რლ იგი იტყოდა მას ძჱ ჩემი ხარი შნ და დღეს მიშობიე შნ ვა იგი სხუასა ადგილსა იტყჳს შნ ხარ მღდელ ოკე წესსა მას ზა მელქიზედეკისსა... Des. იაკობის კთლკჱ. ძმანო ჩემნო, ნუ თუალთღებით გაქუნ სარწმ... ნაკლულია, აკლია დასაწყისი და დასასრული, აკლია 13 რვეული, აქედან 12 იხ. #58-ში, დაყოფა (იწყება ოჱ-დან) და საკითხავები გვიანაა წაწერილი. Sin 60 I – II – 1r-12v 1 წიგნი Inc. მწხრი ფნი ონ მრქოჳა მე Des. და ქრკნი იყო რჟზ და ლცყთ რდანა; წარმოადგენს Sin 58–31 ფრაგმენტს

Comprehensive Expression Analyses of Neural Cell-Type-Specific miRNAs Identify New Determinants of the Specification and Maintenance of Neuronal Phenotypes.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in both brain development and the regulation of adult neural cell functions. However, a systematic analysis of brain miRNA functions has been hindered by a lack of comprehensive information regarding the distribution of miRNAs in neuronal versus glial cells. To address this issue, we performed microarray analyses of miRNA expression in the four principal cell types of the CNS (neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) using primary cultures from postnatal d 1 rat cortex. These analyses revealed that neural miRNA expression is highly cell-type specific, with 116 of the 351 miRNAs examined being differentially expressed fivefold or more across the four cell types. We also demonstrate that individual neuron-enriched or neuron-diminished RNAs had a significant impact on the specification of neuronal phenotype: overexpression of the neuron-enriched miRNAs miR-376a and miR-434 increased the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the glia-enriched miRNAs miR-223, miR-146a, miR-19, and miR-32. In addition, glia-enriched miRNAs were shown to inhibit aberrant glial expression of neuronal proteins and phenotypes, as exemplified by miR-146a, which inhibited neuroligin 1-dependent synaptogenesis. This study identifies new nervous system functions of specific miRNAs, reveals the global extent to which the brain may use differential miRNA expression to regulate neural cell-type-specific phenotypes, and provides an important data resource that defines the compartmentalization of brain miRNAs across different cell types.

D-amphetamine fails to increase extracellular dopamine levels in mice lacking alpha 1b-adrenergic receptors: relationship between functional and nonfunctional dopamine release.

It was found recently that locomotor and rewarding effects of psychostimulants and opiates were dramatically decreased or suppressed in mice lacking alpha1b-adrenergic receptors [alpha1b-adrenergic receptor knock-outs (alpha1bAR-KOs)] (Drouin et al., 2002). Here we show that blunted locomotor responses induced by 3 and 6 mg/kg d-amphetamine in alpha1bAR-KO mice [-84 and -74%, respectively, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice] are correlated with an absence of d-amphetamine-induced increase in extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens of alpha1bAR-KO mice. Moreover, basal extracellular DA levels in the nucleus accumbens are lower in alpha1bAR-KO than in WT littermates (-28%; p < 0.001). In rats however, prazosin, an alpha1-adrenergic antagonist, decreases d-amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity without affecting extracellular DA levels in the nucleus accumbens, a finding related to the presence of an important nonfunctional release of DA (Darracq et al., 1998). We show here that local d-amphetamine releases nonfunctional DA with the same affinity but a more than threefold lower amplitude in C57BL6/J mice than in Sprague Dawley rats. Altogether, this suggests that a trans-synaptic mechanism amplifies functional DA into nonfunctional DA release. Our data confirm the presence of a powerful coupling between noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons through the stimulation of alpha1b-adrenergic receptors and indicate that nonfunctional DA release is critical in the interpretation of changes in extracellular DA levels. These results suggest that alpha1b-adrenergic receptors may be important therapeutic pharmacological targets not only in addiction but also in psychosis because most neuroleptics possess anti-alpha1-adrenergic properties.