Stable carbon and oxygen isotope record of diagenetic carbonates from the New Jersey shelf

Carbon cycling is an important but poorly understood process on passive continental margins. In this study, we use the ionic and stable isotopic composition of interstitial waters and the petrology, mineralogy, and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates collected from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 174A (Sites 1071 and 1072) to constrain the origin of the carbonates and the evolution of methane on the outer New Jersey shelf. The pore fluids of the New Jersey continental shelf are characterized by (1) a fresh-brackish water plume, and (2) organic matter degradation reactions, which proceed through sulfate reduction. However, only minor methanogenesis occurs. The oxygen isotopic composition of the pore fluids supports a meteoric origin of the low salinity fluids. Authigenic carbonates are found in nodules, thin (~1-cm) layers, and carbonate cemented pavements. Siderite is the most common authigenic carbonate, followed by dolomite and calcite. The oxygen isotopic composition of the authigenic carbonates, i.e. 1.3-6.5 per mil PeeDee Belemnite (PDB), indicates an origin in marine pore fluids. The carbon isotopic composition of dolomite cements range from -16.4 to -8.8 per mil PDB, consistent with formation within the zone of sulfate reduction. Siderite d13C values show a greater range (-17.67-16.4 per mil), but are largely positive (mean=2.8 per mil) and are interpreted to have formed throughout the zone of methanogenesis. In contrast, calcite d13C values are highly negative (as low as -41.7 per mil)and must have formed from waters with a large component of dissolved inorganic carbon derived from methane oxidation. Pore water data show that despite complete sulfate reduction, methanogenesis appears not to be an important process presently occurring in the upper 400 m of the outer New Jersey shelf. In contrast, the carbon isotopic composition of the siderites and calcites document an active methanogenic zone during their formation. The methane may have been either oxidized or vented from shelf sediments, perhaps during sea-level fluctuations. If this unaccounted and variable methane flux is an areally important process during Neogene sea-level fluctuations, then it likely plays an important role in long-term carbon cycling on passive continental margins

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 174 A]

A Constituinte e as formas de prevenir o agravamento dos problemas das grandes cidades. Deni Schwartz, Ministro do Desenvolvimento Urbano, considera que um dos pontos mais sérios é o da propriedade urbana, que não pode ser tratada da mesma forma que a propriedade rural. O Deputado Manoel Castro (PFL-BA) diz que a Constituição deve obrigar o governo a cuidar da habitação popular. Na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) algumas ideias já surgiram, como por exemplo a do usucapião urbano. O Senador Teotônio Vilela Filho (PMDB-AL) considera que a questão urbana está intimamente ligada e dependente a questão agrária. O Deputado Jessé Freire (PFL-RN) quer que a nova Carta garanta instrumentos de planejamento espacial capazes de resolver, como um todo, o problema agrário e urbano. O Deputado Roberto D'Ávila (PDT-RJ) reapresentou duas emendas populares, que não puderam ser aproveitadas por não cumprirem todas as exigências. Uma delas trata da obrigatoriedade de concurso público para ingresso no funcionalismo público. Outra trata de direitos humanos, como a liberdade de credo e direitos dos presos. O Deputado Eraldo Trindade (PFL-AP) apresentou emenda que garante a nacionalização das riquezas minerais. Ivan Lins convoca o povo a participar das emendas populares.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 174]

A Reforma Urbana na Constituição. Atualmente setenta por cento dos brasileiros vivem nos grandes centros enfrentando todos os tipos de privações. João Ricardo Serran, membro do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Urbano, observa que as cidades estão baixando a qualidade de vida. Deni Schwartz, Ministro do Desenvolvimento Urbano, acredita que a Reforma Urbana é um grande desafio. O Deputado Flávio Palmier da Veiga (PMDB-RJ) apresentou emenda concedendo os benefícios previdenciários para as donas de casa. A Deputada Maria de Lourdes Abadia (PFL-DF) lembra a importância da bancada feminina na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte ( ANC) e também a importância dos movimentos populares nas votações da nova Constituição do Brasil. O Deputado Tito Costa (PMDB-SP) apresentou emenda estabelecendo o mandato sem remuneração para vereadores em municípios de até 300.000 habitantes. O Deputado Victor Fontana (PFL-SC) afirma que a reforma agrária é absolutamente necessária, mas não pode ser feita sem uma política agrícola.

Discovery of viruses lysing blue-green algae in the Dneprovsk reservoirs. [Translation of: Water blooms (ed. A. V. Topachevskii) pp.171-174. Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1968]

Viruses, which are characterised by a relative simplicity of chemical composition, are involved with all the groups of the animal and plant world. The discovery of viruses of lower organisms has special interest. Along with the already known viruses lysing bacteria and actinomycetes, viruses have been discovered in recent years which lyse algae. During investigations of water from water-bloom patches and of mud taken from zones of massive accumulation of blue-green algae in the Dneprovsk reservoirs, the authors obtained viruses lysing algae. The revealing of viruses producing lysis of blue-green algae, which one could use in the control of water-blooms, has the greatest interest. With this aim, samples of water were collected from various zones of water-bloom patches in the Kremenchug, Dneprovsk and Kukhov reservoirs. For viruses lysing algae we propose the name 'algophages'. Along with the existence of viruses of algae of the phage type, one cannot deny the possibility of the existence of viruses of another type, multiplying in the cells of algae and causing their virus illnesses.

On the nutrition of Polyphemus pediculus (L.). [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 12(15) 170-174, 1966.]

Many sides of the biology of Polyphemus pediculus are adequately studied at the present time. Most complicated is the question of its feeding. Dissection does not give an idea of the composition of the food, since Polyphemus strongly grinds its food with its mandibles. For clarification of the composition of the food of Polyphemus pediculus, the authors carried out in July and August 1962 a series of experiments with the application of radio-carbon methods in order to judge the degree of utilization of one or other foods by the quantity of C14, accumulated in the body of the crustacean after feeding. Particular attention in these experiments was given to the question of the possibility of the utilization by polyphemus of plant food - bacteria, algae and detritus.

On the population dynamics of Eudiaptomus gracilis Sars and Heterocope borealis Fischer in the Bodensee-Obersee. Part B. Eudiaptomus gracilis Sars. [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 12(15) 170-174, 1966.]

Experimental research was conducted to study the development of eggs of Eudiaptomus gracilis Sars. The egg production was studied as well as the population dynamics. Factors like losses in the lake and through the effluent Rhine at Konstanz were considered.

Keys to the larvae of the species of the genera Diamesa, Eukiefferiella, Orthocladius, Cricotopus, Psectrocladius and Chaetocladius. [Translation from: Larvae and pupae of midges of the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the fauna of the USSR (Diptera, Chironomidae = Tendipedidae) (ed. V.Y. Pankratova) p76-8,151-152,173-174,188-189. Leningrad, Nauka, 1970. ]

Eudiaptomus vulgaris Schmeil is the most abundant copepod in Lake Maggiore and forms also, in respect to other entomostraca, the most important element, through its average biomass and because it is fairly numerous throughout the year. Plankton samples collected in a systematic and quantitative way, gave the opportunity to study some aspects of the dynamics of the population of this copepod, in safety in view of the uncertainty which in this kind of study can ensue when samples are taken only at a single station - in consequence of the changes in size of population between different water masses. The results of the biometrical observations are of the population of Eudiaptomus vulgaris is presented.

Anadromous fish as marine nutrient vectors

The tidal freshwater of Virginia supports anadromous herring (Alosa spp.) spawning runs in the spring; however, their importance as nutrient delivery vectors to the freshwater fish food web remains unknown. The stable isotope signatures of fishes from 21 species and four different guilds (predators, carnivores, generalists, and planktivores) were examined in this study to test the hypothesis that marine derived nutrients (MDNs) brought by anadromous fish would be traced into the guilds that incorporated them. Spawning anadromous fish were 13C and 34S-enriched (δ13C and δ34S of approximately 18‰ and 17.7‰, respectively) relative to resident freshwater fish. Of the guilds examined, only predators showed 13C and 34S-enrichment similar to the anadromous fish; however, some generalist catfish also showed enriched signatures. Specific fatty acid δ13C signatures for gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), show a 10‰ range among fishes, clearly reflecting isotopically distinct dietary sources. The δ13C and δ34S distribution and range among the freshwater fishes suggest that both autochthonous and allochthonous (terrestrial C3 photosynthetic production and MDN) nutrient sources are important to the tidal freshwater fish community.

双奇核~(174)Re中的准粒子形状驱动效应

对双奇核174Re的在束γ谱学实验数据作了仔细分析,提取出了带间与带内E2γ跃迁分支比,并导出了其约化跃迁概率的比值。用带混合理论对约化跃迁概率的比值进行了分析,得到带间相互作用强度及转动带形变的信息。发现不同组态的转动带其跃迁电四极矩具有明显的差异。与相邻奇A核的结构特征类似,这种跃迁电四极矩的差异很可能是由于1/2-[541]准质子或1/2-[521]准中子对原子核的形状驱动效应造成的。