L’opération 5000/15000 logements sociaux et communautaires : une réponse au besoin en logements des ménages immigrants récents à Montréal, le cas de Côte-des-Neiges

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Migration and population expansion of Abies, Fagus, Picea, and Quercus since 15000 years in and across the Alps, based on pollen-percentage threshold values

Aims: The aim of this study is to explore the migration (colonization of new areas) and subsequent population expansion (within an area) since 15 ka cal BP of Abies, Fagus, Picea, and Quercus into and through the Alps solely on the basis of high-quality pollen data. Methods: Chronologies of 101 pollen sequences are improved or created. Data from the area delimited by 45.5–48.1°N and 6–14°E are summarized in three ways: (1) in a selection of pollen-percentage threshold maps (thresholds 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, and 32% of land pollen); (2) in graphic summaries of 250-year time slices and geographic segments (lengthwise and transverse in relation to the main axis of the Alps) as pollen-percentage curves, pollen-percentage difference curves, and pollen-percentage threshold ages cal BP graphed against both the length and the transverse Alpine axes; and (3) in tables showing statistical relationships of either pollen-percentage threshold ages cal BP or pollen expansion durations (=time lapse between different pollen-percentage threshold ages cal BP) with latitude, longitude, and elevation; to establish these relationships we used both simple linear regression and multiple linear regression after stepwise-forward selection. Results: The statistical results indicate that (a) the use of pollen-percentage thresholds between 0.5% and 8% yield mostly similar directions of tree migration, so the method is fairly robust, (b) Abies migrated northward, Fagus southward, Picea westward, and Quercus northward; more detail does not emerge due to an extreme scarcity of high-quality data especially along the southern foothills of the Alps and in the eastern Alps. This scarcity allows the reconstruction of one immigration route only of Abies into the southern Alps. The speed of population expansion (following arrival) of Abies increased and of Picea decreased during the Holocene, of Fagus it decreased especially during the later Holocene, and of Quercus it increased especially at the start of the Holocene.

High resolution paleoceanography of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15000 yeras

Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 480 (27°54.10'N, 111°39.34'W; 655 m water depth) contains a high resolution record of paleoceanographic change of the past 15000 years for the Guaymas Basin, a region of very high diatom productivity within the central Gulf of California. Analyses of diatoms and silicoflagellates were completed on samples spaced every 40-50 yr, whereas ICP-AES geochemical analyses were completed on alternate samples (sample spacing 80-100 yr). The Bolling-Allerod interval (14.6-12.9 ka) (note, ka refers to 1000 calendar years BP throughout this report) is characterized by an increase in biogenic silica and a decline in calcium carbonate relative to surrounding intervals, suggesting conditions somewhat similar to those of today. The Younger Dryas event (12.9-11.6 ka) is marked by a major drop in biogenic silica and an increase in calcium carbonate. Increasing relative percentage contributions of Azpeitia nodulifera and Dictyocha perlaevis (a tropical diatom and silicoflagellate, respectively) and reduced numbers of the silicoflagellate Octactis pulchra are supportive of reduced upwelling of nutrient-rich waters. Between 10.6 and 10.0 ka, calcium carbonate and A. nodulifera abruptly decline at DSDP 480, while Roperia tesselata, a diatom indicative of winter upwelling in the modern-day Gulf, increases sharply in numbers. A nearly coincident increase in the silicoflagellate Dictyocha stapedia suggests that waters above DSDP 480 were more similar to the cooler and slightly more saline waters of the northern Gulf during much of the early and middle parts of the Holocene (~10 to 3.2 ka). At about 6.2 ka a stepwise increase in biogenic silica and the reappearance of the tropical diatom A. nodulifera marks a major change in oceanographic conditions in the Gulf. A winter shift to more northwesterly winds may have occurred at this time along with the onset of periodic northward excursions (El Nino-driven?) of the North Equatorial Countercurrent during the summer. Beginning between 2.8 and 2.4 ka, the amplitude of biogenic silica and wt% Fe, Al, and Ti (proxies of terrigenous input) increase, possibly reflecting intensification of ENSO cycles and the establishment of modern oceanographic conditions in the Gulf. Increased numbers of O. pulchra after 2.8 ka suggest enhanced spring upwelling.

Gene Expression Profiles in Radiation Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Ionizing radiation OR) imposes risks to human health and the environment. IR at low doses and low (lose rates has the potency to initiate carcinogenesis. Genotoxic environmental agents such as IR trigger a cascade of signal transduction pathways for cellular protection. In this study, using cDNA microarray technique, we monitored the gene expression profiles in lymphocytes derived from radiation-ex posed individuals (radiation workers). Physical dosimetry records on these patients indicated that the absorbed dose ranged from 0.696 to 39.088 mSv. Gene expression analysis revealed statistically significant transcriptional changes in a total of 78 genes (21 up-regulated and 57 clown-regulated) involved in several biological processes such as ubiquitin cycle (UHRF2 and PIAS1), DNA repair (LIG3, XPA, ERCC5, RAD52, DCLRE1C), cell cycle regulation/proliferation (RHOA, CABLES2, TGFB2, IL16), and stress response (GSTP1, PPP2R5A, DUSP22). Some of the genes that showed altered expression profiles in this study call be used as biomarkers for monitoring the chronic low level exposure in humans. Additionally, alterations in gene expression patterns observed in chronically exposed radiation workers reinforces the need for defining the effective radiation dose that causes immediate genetic damage as well as the long-term effects on genomic instability, including cancer.

Viral Load Predicts New World Health Organization Stage 3 and 4 Events in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, Independent of CD4 T Lymphocyte Value

Background. Many resource-limited countries rely on clinical and immunological monitoring without routine virological monitoring for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We assessed whether HIV load had independent predictive value in the presence of immunological and clinical data for the occurrence of new World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 or 4 events (hereafter, WHO events) among HIV-infected children receiving HAART in Latin America. Methods. The NISDI (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative) Pediatric Protocol is an observational cohort study designed to describe HIV-related outcomes among infected children. Eligibility criteria for this analysis included perinatal infection, age ! 15 years, and continuous HAART for >= 6 months. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess time to new WHO events as a function of immunological status, viral load, hemoglobin level, and potential confounding variables; laboratory tests repeated during the study were treated as time-varying predictors. Results. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.5 years; new WHO events occurred in 92 (15.8%) of 584 children. In proportional hazards modeling, most recent viral load 15000 copies/mL was associated with a nearly doubled risk of developing a WHO event (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.11; P = 033), even after adjustment for immunological status defined on the basis of CD4 T lymphocyte value, hemoglobin level, age, and body mass index. Conclusions. Routine virological monitoring using the WHO virological failure threshold of 5000 copies/mL adds independent predictive value to immunological and clinical assessments for identification of children receiving HAART who are at risk for significant HIV-related illness. To provide optimal care, periodic virological monitoring should be considered for all settings that provide HAART to children.

Paleolítico médio e superior em Portugal: datas 14C, estado actual dos conhecimentos,síntese e duscussão

New radiocarbon measurements were obtained from middle and upper Paleolithic sites currently under research by the CEPUNL, in well defined stratigraphical situations. With other dates, they yield an approximative chronological global view. Measurement distribution in function of time does not seem to be an hazardous one. In the actual status of our knowledge, this distribution seems to fit in some assemblages: (a) 14000 to 15000 BP, Solutrean; (b) about 20 000 BP, Solutrean; (c) circa 25 000 BP, already Solutrean, and slightly older than 26 000 BP, still Mousterian; (d) between 29 000 and 31 000 BP, Mousterian. The persistance of Mousterian much later than its acknowledged upper limit at about 34 000 BP (and hence the survival of its neanderthalian authors) is demonstrated. For the first time it has been possible to ascertain the upper time limit of the marine 5-8 metres raised beach (Tyrrhenian III) at Serra da Arrábida, and also the age of archaeological sites without stone artifacts, or with uncharacteristic ones. The obtained measurements allow US to correlate localities and sedimentary units with last glaciation events. There seems to have been a distinct correlation between cave and shelter human occupation and events marked by the worsening of climate.

Cristalização do clorato de sódio

Este trabalho está divido em três partes, sendo a primeira a melhoria das condições operatórias da cristalização do clorato de sódio, a segunda parte o efeito dos sulfatos na quantidade de crómio no produto final e a terceira parte baseia-se na determinação de um método para remover sulfatos. A produção de clorato de sódio é realizada por via electroquímica a partir de uma solução de NaCl (salmoura). De seguida o clorato de sódio é produzido por cristalização a frio. Como a agitação e as rampas de arrefecimento são importantes na definição da granulometria, tentou-se optimizar o processo tentando aumentar o tamanho do grão, diminuindo a distribuição granulométrica e verificar se é possível obter um aumento da produção. Assim começou-se por caracterizar o sistema a 69 rpm para se verificar as diferenças quando comparadas com o aumento da agitação para 97,5 rpm. Começou-se por verificar o comportamento do C003 em termos da quantidade de sólidos ao longo do vazamento, concluindo-se que para cada nível do C003 a quantidade de sólidos é aproximadamente constante. Após a caracterização do C003, verificou-se a granulometria do produto final, onde se verificou uma grande DTC. De seguida verificou-se a eficiência do EP para diferentes tempos de residência, verificando-se que nas condições de funcionamento actuais, débito de 12 m3 /h, é eficiente assim como para um débito de 15,6 m3/h. Após a caracterização da etapa final de cristalização, começou-se por caracterizar o sistema em si de cristalização, nomeadamente o C901/3 e o C902/3. Como em cristalização a homogeneidade do cristalizador é um factor muito importante para evitar a grande DTC que se verifica no produto final, fomos verificar a homogeneidade do C901/3 e do C902/3. Assim se verifica que os dois cristalizadores são pouco homogéneos. No entanto verifica-se que na primeira etapa de cristalização deveríamos ter uma agitação de 69 rpm, para que o cristalizador seja totalmente homogéneo. Após verificarmos que o C902/3 não é homogéneo, fomos aumentar a agitação para 97,5 rpm onde verificamos que o sistema ainda não é homogéneo mas passamos de uma razão entre a massa total em baixo e a massa total em cima de 4,1 para 1,5. Verifica-se assim por extrapolação linear que a velocidade de agitação para uma razão 1 é de 103 rpm. Como se sabe que o método de secagem é importante, fomos verificar qual o método de secagem que nos daria resultados concordantes em cada um dos ensaios, assim verificou-se, que o melhor método seria após a filtração a vácuo, lavar os cristais com uma solução saturada de clorato de sódio e posteriormente secá-los com papel absorvente para lhe retirarmos a maior humidade e de seguida secá-los ao ar durante pelo menos três horas. Antes de se começarem a fazer ensaios para tentar optimizar o processo foi-se verificar o coeficiente de transferência de calor para podermos verificar o que acontece com o aumento da velocidade de agitação, assim como com as diversas rampas de arrefecimento testadas. Verifica-se assim que no C902/3 nos ensaios a 69 rpm, com a rampa de cristalização actual, temos um valor médio de 10000 Kcal/ºC.h e nos ensaios a 97,5 rpm temos um coeficiente de transferência de calor variável entre 10000 Kacl/ºC.h e 15000 Kcal/ºC.h conforme a abertura da válvula. Para se verificar o efeito do aumento da agitação na granulometria, recolheram-se amostras e determinou-se a granulometria para cada uma das rampas de cristalização testadas. Verifica-se assim que a massa total obtida não é sempre a mesma, variando de ensaio para ensaio, não se verificou realmente um aumento da granulometria, verificando-se sim um aumento da massa total. No entanto nos ensaios em que a temperatura final é inferior a 0ºC, obtivemos menor quantidade de finos. Por fim fomos determinar a zona óptima de funcionamento tendo em conta o diagrama ternário do sistema. Assim verifica-se que a zona de maior produção é entre -5ºC e -10ºC. No entanto tendo em conta a capacidade da instalação frigorífica, verifica-se que é inviável levar o sistema a -10ºC. Para verificar o efeito dos sulfatos na quantidade de crómio no produto final fizeram-se vários ensaios em laboratório de cristalização por frio em que variávamos as quantidades de cloreto de sódio, de dicromato de sódio e de sulfato de sódio. Verifica-se assim que uma maior quantidade de sal no início da cristalização provoca um aumento na quantidade de crómio no produto final. Para se remover os sulfatos do processo, foi-se testar inicialmente um método utilizando uma resina de permuta iónica para reter os sulfatos na parte de depuração da salmoura e um método de cristalização por frio para remover sulfato das águas mães do processo. Nos ensaios de remoção de sulfatos por permuta iónica verificou-se que a resina Purolite A400, a indicada para remoção de sulfatos, não remove nada. No caso da cristalização por frio para remoção de sulfatos fizeram-se ensaios para uma temperatura de cristalização a cerca de -10ºC. Neste caso verificouse que se conseguiu remover cerca de 70% dos sulfatos, mas também, se removeu cerca de 40% de clorato de sódio. Como a capacidade da instalação frigorífica é limitada, este método torna-se inviável.

Paleolítico médio e superior em Portugal: datas 14C, estado actual dos conhecimentos, síntese e discussão

New radiocarbon measurements were obtained from middle and upper Paleolithic sites currendy under research by the CEPUNL, in well defined stratigraphical situations. With other dates, they yield an approximative chronological global view. Measurement dístribution in function of time does not seem to be an hazardous one. ln the actual status of our knowledge, this distribution seems to fit in some assemblages: (a) 14000 to 15000 BP, Solurrean ; (b) about 20 000 BP, Solurrean ; (e) area 25 000 BP, already Solurrean, and slightly older than 26 000 BP, still Mousterian ; (d) between 29 000 and 31 000 BP, Mousterian. The persistance of Mousterian much later than its acknowledged upper limit at about 34 000 BP (and hence the survival of its neanderthalian authors) is demonstrated. For the first time it has been possible to ascertain the upper time limit of the marine 5-8 metres raised beach (Tyrrhenian III) at Serra da Arrábida, and also the age of archaeological sires wirhout srone arrifacts, or with uncharacteristic ones. The obtained measurements allow us to correlate localities and sedimentary units with last glaciation events. There seems to have been a distinct correlation between cave and shelter human occupation and events marked by the worsening of climate.

Internationalization strategy of Skypro Shoes to Japan

Skypro is a footwear brand targeted at the aviation professionals’ niche market, explored by the Portuguese microenterprise Abotoa Lda..The saturation of the Portuguese market led Skypro to expand to different worldwide countries and to be a footwear supplier of Airlines from the USA, Qatar or Australia, among others. Abotoa aims for its 2014’s exports to represent around 80% of total sales and this Internationalization Plan for Japan represents the possibility of further exploring the Asian market. Japan appears as the 2nd worldwide footwear importer and the 5th footwear consumer, with a high purchasing power – GDP per capita (PPP). This country possesses two enormous Airlines (ANA and JAL) that employ more than 15000 on-board personnel, the world’s 4th busiest Airport in 2013 (Tokyo’s Haneda International Airport) and a geographic structure with more than 6500 islands, implying high frequency of aerial transportation in the medium-run. These aspects make Japan an adequate country to invest in. At the course of this Work Project, trustworthy recommendations are provided for the current state of Abotoa and for the introduction and implementation of this Internationalization Plan. These findings strongly suggest that Skypro should indeed penetrate Japan’s market.

NHL 3.5 mortars with scrap tire rubber

The use of wastes and industrial by-products as building materials is an important issue in order to decrease costs with waste management and the embodied energy of building products. Scrap tire rubber has been studied as aggregate for cementitious materials. Natural hydraulic limes are natural binders with particular characteristics of both air and hydraulic binders. Their specifications became stricter with the last version of EN 459-1:2010. In this study scrap tire rubber was used as additional aggregate of mortars, based on NHL3.5 and natural sand. Different particle size fractions and proportions of scrap tire rubber were used: a mix obtained almost directly from industry (only after sieving for preparation of particle sizes similar to mortar aggregate) and separated fine, medium and coarse fractions; 0%, 18%, 36% and 54% weight of binder, corresponding to 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% weight of sand. The influence of the rubbers´ additions on the mortars´ fresh state, mechanical and physical performance is presented, namely by flow table consistency, water retention, fresh bulk density, dynamic elasticity modulus, flexural and compressive strength, open porosity and bulk density, capillary absorption, drying and thermal conductivity. The use of the rubber mix coming from the waste tire industry seems advantageous and may open possibilities for use as raw material by the mortars industry.