Three types of transnational players: differing women's football mobility projects in core and developing countries

Mobile players in men's football are highly skilled professionals who move to a country other than the one where they grew up and started their careers. They are commonly described as migrants or expatriate players. Due to a much less advanced stage of professionalism and production of the game in women's football mobility projects are different. At describing the cases of Brazil, Equatorial Guinea, Mexico, Colombia and Portugal, the aim of this paper is to conceptualise an umbrella category for mobile players that can include current realities in the women's game, namely the transnational player who has gained and displays transnational football experience in different countries and socio-culturally contexts. Furthermore, analyses allow introducing two new subcategories besides the “expatriate”, namely diaspora players and new citizens.

Les 'ulamã' à la veille de la bataille d'al-Kasr al-Kabir: fatwa contre l'alliance de mawlay al-Mutawakkil avec D. Sebastião

Osʿulamā’ exercem uma infuência sobre a comunidade, através do controlo do espaço religioso, a fim de dar a conhecer as normas do islão e garantir a sua boa aplicação. Do quadro social e cultural, onde se inserem estes sabios religiosos, abordamos o seu papel jurídico e religioso, mediante un aviso jurídico, « fatwā», na legitimação do poder. Num contexto marcado pela crise política e pela ameaça ibérica e otomana, osʿulamā’ unificam as linhas em torno do poder para melhor combater o perigo português.