Pattern and function of woody features on the grazing itineraries of Terra Fria, Trás–os–Montes – Portugal

The trees, hedgerows and woods are current configuration of the tree network in several ecological regions of the world. In Trás–os–Montes region, Northeast of Portugal, they are a traditional component of Terra fria landscape and they could be seen in several forms: scatter trees, fencerows, small woodlots, riparian buffer strips, among others. The extensive livestock systems in this region are based on a set of circuits across the landscape. In this practice, flocks interacts with these structures using them for different functions inducing an influence on the itineraries. Our purpose will be focused on the woody features of landscape regarding their configurations, abundance and spacial distribution; in order to examine how the grazing systems depends on the currency of these formations; particularly how species flocks behaviors are related on. Depending on spatial data, The investigation attain to compare the tree network within the agriculture matrix, to the grazed territory crossed by flocks. From the other side, the importance of spatial data on interpreting the issue by suggesting different parameter that may influence the circuits. The recognition of the pressure exerciced by the occurence of the woody structures on the grazed circuits is possible. We believe that the role of these woody structures features in supporting the tradicional silvopastoral systems has been sufficiently strong for change their distribution pattern.

Synthesis of glycerol-based carbon materials as environmental application

Crude glycerol, obtained from the biodiesel production, is actually an abundant and low-cost feedstock, making the preparation of carbonaceous materials by partial carbonization and sulfonation of this by-product an interesting research focus. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this study is to explore several types of glycerol-based carbon materials synthesized by partial carbonization of glycerol in concentrated sulphuric acid solution for the removal of flumequine and tetracycline from aqueous solutions. This study is focused on the synthesis and application of glycerol-based carbon materials as adsorbents for the removal of the antibiotic compounds flumequine and tetracycline from aqueous solution. The different synthesized materials were labelled as GBCM followed by a subscript number corresponding to the activation temperature in oC (i.e., GBCM200, GBCM300, and GBCM350)