BMI and physical activity in diabetic adolescents followed Hospital Barcelos

Introduction: Physical activity is related to health and lifestyle and should be part of the daily routine of all individuals since it brings many benefits to the body. Ains: To study the adolescent population‘s body mass index (BMI). To study the relation between physical activity and gender. Materials and Methods: We performed a quantitative, observational, analytic and cross-sectional study. After the use of exclusion criteria, a sample of 36 individuals was selected from a population of diabetic adolescents. A validated questionnaire was applied to collected physical activity and personal data. SPSS 22.0 was used to treat the data. The chi-square test was applied to study the relation between the level of physical activity and gender; Fisher’s exact test was applied to study the relation between level of physical activity and BMI. Results and discussion: The chi-square test showed a significant relation between the level of physical activity and gender (p-value = 0.018) with moderate intensity (phi = .4), which corroborates other national and worldwide studies. Fisher’s exact test showed no relation between BMI and the level of physical activity (p-value=0,646). Conclusion: 86,1% of the sampled diabetic adolescents are eutrophic, and 66,7% are considered insufficient active. A significant relation was found between gender and the level of physical activity. No relation was found between BMI and level of physical activity.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS phenolic characterization and biological activity of Equisetum giganteum L.

Naturally-occurring phytochemicals have received a pivotal attention in the last years, due to the increasing evidences of biological activities. Equisetum giganteum L., commonly known as “giant horsetail”, is a native plant from Central and South America, being largely used in dietary supplements as diuretic, hemostatic, antiinflammatory and anti-rheumatic agents [1,2]. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant (scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals- RSA, reducing power- RP, β-carotene bleaching inhibition- CBI and lipid peroxidation inhibition- LPI), anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharidestimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages) and cytotoxic (in a panel of four human tumor cell lines: MCF-7- breast adenocarcinoma, NCI-H460- non-small cell lung cancer, HeLa- cervical carcinoma and HepG2- hepatocellular carcinoma; and in non-tumor porcine liver primary cells- PLP2) properties of E. giganteum, providing a phytochemical characterization of its extract (ethanol/water, 80:20, v/v), by using highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD–ESI/MS). E. giganteum presented fourteen phenolic compounds, two phenolic acids and twelve flavonol glycoside derivatives, mainly kaempferol derivatives, accounting to 81% of the total phenolic content, being kaempferol-O-glucoside-O-rutinoside, the most abundant molecule (7.6 mg/g extract). The extract exhibited antioxidant (EC50 values = 123, 136, 202 and 57.4 μg/mL for RSA, RP, CBI and LPI, respectively), anti-inflammatory (EC50 value = 239 μg/mL) and cytotoxic (GI50 values = 250, 258, 268 and 239 μg/mL for MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa and HepG2, respectively) properties, which were positively correlated with its concentration in phenolic compounds. Furthermore, up to 400 μg/mL, it did not revealed toxicity in non-tumor liver cells. Thus, this study highlights the potential of E. giganteum extracts as rich sources of phenolic compounds that can be used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.