Determination of biodiesel quality parameters for optimization of production process conditions

According to many scientists third industrial revolution has already began and this primarily means the transition to renewable energy sources. Energy requirements are increasing rapidly due to fast industrialization and the increased number of vehicles on the roads. Massive consumption of fossil fuels leads to environmental pollution, therefore, biofuels are offered as an alternative. For example, the application of biodiesel in diesel engines instead of diesel results in the proven reduction of harmful exhaust emissions. One of the most important technologies, which has been already explored at the commercial level, is the production of a liquid biofuel applicable in compression-ignition engines (or diesel engines), from biomass rich in fats and oils. This biofuel is generically referred as biodiesel, and consists essentially of a mixture of FAME's (fatty acid methyl esters). This current work describes modern approaches of biodiesel production from vegetable oil and subsequent analysis of produced biodiesel main characteristics such as density, acidity, iodine value and FAME content.

Consumo de oxigénio em bivalves

Os organismos vivos obtêm energia degradando moléculas orgânicas através da respiração celular. Esse processo pode ocorrer com ou sem consumo de oxigénio. Em muitos seres vivos com células complexas, a respiração celular ocorre com consumo de oxigénio pelo que se designa de respiração aeróbia. O consumo de oxigénio pode ser observado utilizando uma substância indicadora de presença/ausência de O2. O indicador utilizado neste experiencia foi o azul-de-metileno que muda de cor conforme está na forma reduzida ou na forma oxidada. Os resultados mostram que ocorreu a redução do azul-de-metileno, o que significa que o oxigénio foi consumido. O objetivo desta atividade é observar a mobilização de energia em bivalves (Scrobicularria plana) vulgarmente chamada de Lambujinha através do consumo de O2.