Hábitos alimentares de jovens diabéticos

A adolescência é um período exigente do desenvolvimento humano, caracterizada por um aumento do crescimento e da maturação óssea, onde uma alimentação nutricionalmente equilibrada é fundamental. Sendo a diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 1 uma doença crónica metabólica cujo tratamento, nomeadamente a intervenção nutricional é considerado uma prioridade de saúde pública, é crucial rastrear os hábitos alimentares dos jovens diabéticos, de forma a otimizar a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o consumo de colesterol, fibras alimentares, sódio e ferro, segundo o género. Material e Métodos: Desenvolveu-se um estudo quantitativo, observacional, analítico e transversal. Aplicou-se um diário alimentar, durante três dias (2 dias da semana e 1 de fim-de-semana), a adolescentes entre os 10 e os 19 anos com DM tipo 1 que eram seguidos no Hospital Santa Maria Maior, E.P.E. de Barcelos para avaliar os hábitos alimentares. Recorreu-se ao software Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 para tratar estatisticamente os dados. Depois de classificados os consumos de macro e micronutrientes, de acordo com as DRI’s, foram calculadas as frequências dos mesmos. O teste T-Student ou o Teste de Mann-Whitney foram usados para comparar o consumo de colesterol, fibras alimentares, sódio e ferro, segundo o género, com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados evidenciam que 38,5% são raparigas 61,5% são rapazes com uma média de idades de 13,92 anos. A maioria (60%) dos adolescentes do género feminino apresenta normoconsumo de colesterol. No género masculino verifica-se que a maioria (87,5%) dos adolescentes apresenta normoconsumo de colesterol e fibra (62,5%). Estes valores estão de acordo com o estudo feito por Teles et al. 2011. Verifica-se um consumo superior ao recomendado de sódio em ambos os géneros (100% no género feminino e 62,5% no género masculino), o que vai ao encontro do estudo desenvolvido por Veiga et al. 2013, Bueno e Avozani et al. 2006. Relativamente ao consumo de ferro ambos os géneros apresentam elevado consumo (80% no género feminino e 75% no masculino), o que corrobora com o estudo de Teles et al. 2011.. Quando comparado o consumo de macro e micronutrientes segundo o género não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p-value>0,05), o que corrobora com o estudo de Chiarelli et al. 2011. Conclusões: Os adolescentes demonstraram possuir hábitos inadequados às suas necessidades, tendo-se verificado uma distribuição desajustada de macro e micronutrientes, recomendando-se uma intervenção nutricional para corrigir os hábitos incorretos, uma vez que os desvios nutricionais podem representar um comportamento de risco.

BMI and physical activity in diabetic adolescents followed Hospital Barcelos

Introduction: Physical activity is related to health and lifestyle and should be part of the daily routine of all individuals since it brings many benefits to the body. Ains: To study the adolescent population‘s body mass index (BMI). To study the relation between physical activity and gender. Materials and Methods: We performed a quantitative, observational, analytic and cross-sectional study. After the use of exclusion criteria, a sample of 36 individuals was selected from a population of diabetic adolescents. A validated questionnaire was applied to collected physical activity and personal data. SPSS 22.0 was used to treat the data. The chi-square test was applied to study the relation between the level of physical activity and gender; Fisher’s exact test was applied to study the relation between level of physical activity and BMI. Results and discussion: The chi-square test showed a significant relation between the level of physical activity and gender (p-value = 0.018) with moderate intensity (phi = .4), which corroborates other national and worldwide studies. Fisher’s exact test showed no relation between BMI and the level of physical activity (p-value=0,646). Conclusion: 86,1% of the sampled diabetic adolescents are eutrophic, and 66,7% are considered insufficient active. A significant relation was found between gender and the level of physical activity. No relation was found between BMI and level of physical activity.

Labour stress in nursing

Based on evidence found during the empirical study we can affirm that the nursing profession is affected by work stress. Objective: Evaluate stress and engagement levels among nurses in health units in Portugal and Spain and describe the stress-generating factors among the surveyed nurses. Methods: A comparative study on a transversal level. Sample of 867 nurses (504 Portuguese, 363 Spanish), female 83.6 % (78.6 % in Portugal, 90.6 % in Spain) and average age of 37. 77.2 % of the Portuguese and 39.4 % of the Spanish nurses work on average 40 hours per week. 60.6 % and 57.7 % of the Spanish and Portuguese respectively have exercised their profession for 10 years. Pamela Gray-Toft’s Nurs- ing Stress Scale (1981) [1] and Schaufeli & Bakker’s Utrecht Work En- gagement Scale (2003) [2] were used. Results: Globally, Portuguese nurses experience higher stress levels although the difference with Spanish nurses is not statistically significant. There are statistically significant differences between Portugal and Spain in “Lack of help from colleagues” and also in the psychological domain in general. Concerning Engagement, there are statistically significant differences in the three dimensions, the p-value of the Student t-test was under 5 %, highlighting that Spanish nurses are more vigorous, dedicated and absorbed by their work. Conclusions: Portuguese nurses perceive more psychological stress and mention having less help from colleagues. Spanish nurses feel more vigorous, dedicated and absorbed by their work.

Sexual self-awareness and body Image

broadly describes the internal representations of the body structure and the physical appearance of the individual in regards him/herself and others. Sexual self-awareness (ACS) can be understood as the evaluation that each of us makes of his/her feelings and actions related to his/her sexuality and sexual behaviour, describing what each of us thinks about sex and what we feel about behaviours. Objective: Identify dimensions of sexual self-awareness and body image in sexual satisfaction of the young. Methods Correlational descriptive study, a convenience sample of 84 students of a health school (29.8 % male, 20.2 % female), with ages between 19 and 34 years. As data collection instrument a poll through questionnaire, incorporating a Body Image Satisfaction and a Multidimensional Sexual Self-awareness scale, was used. Results The majority of the sample subjects indicate having a partner (59.5 %), perceive themselves as having the ideal weight (75.0 %), the ideal height (65.5 %) and a normal appearance (76.2 %). Globally a high and statistically significant ACS was observed (t-Student = 12.520; GL = 83; p-value < 0.001) and significant statistical differences exist between having/not having a partner and the ACS (Student t = 2,965; GL = 82; p-value = 0.004) showing that those who mention having a partner have a higher average ACS (average = 3.812; SD = 0.412) compared to those without (average = 3.496; SD = 0.563). No statistically significant correlations were observed between ACS and Body Image.

Engagement and labour stress in nursing

Engagement is a useful concept in the profession of nursing as it focuses on the positive dimension of human behaviour and visualizes the work context as a positive situation. Evaluate the stress and engagement levels on Portuguese and Spanish nurses and analyse the factors related to the stress and engagement levels in the two sample groups. Comparative exploratory study in a quantitative paradigm. Sample of 867 nurses (504 Portuguese, 363 Spanish), female 83.6% (78.6% Portugal, 90.6% Spain) and average age of 37. Portuguese (77.2%) and Spanish nurses (39.4%), work on average 40 hours per week. 60.6% and 57.7% of the Spanish and Portuguese respectively exercise their profession for 10 years. Sociodemographic questionnaire, the Pamela Gray-Toft’s Nursing Stress Scale (1981) and Schaufeli & Bakker’s Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (2003) were used. In what concerns Engagement there are statistically signiicant differences in the three dimensions, the p-value of the t-Student test were under 5%, highlighting the Spanish nurses for being more vigorous, dedicated and absorbed by their work: vigour, dedication and absorption. The sample of Portuguese nurses experience higher stress levels although the difference with Spanish nurses isn’t statistically signiicant. There are statistically signiicant differences between Portugal and Spain in “Lack of help from colleagues” and also in the psychological domain in general. The Spanish nurses feel more vigorous, dedicated and absorbed by their work. The Portuguese nurses perceive more psychological stress and mention having less help from colleagues.