HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis of phenolic compounds in four tomato varieties and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is the second most important vegetable crop worldwide and a key component in the so-called “Mediterranean diet”. In the Northeastern region of Portugal, local populations still prefer to consume traditional tomato varieties which they find very tasty and healthy, as they are grown using extensive farming techniques. A previous study of our research team described the nutritional value of the round (batateiro), long (comprido), heart (coração) and yellow (amarelo) tomato varieties [1], but the phenolic profile was unknown until now. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the phenolic profiles of these four tomato farmers’ varieties by using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and evaluate its antioxidant capacity through four in vitro assays based on different reaction mechanisms. A cis p-coumaric acid derivative was the most abundant compound in yellow and round tomato varieties, while 4-O-caffeolyquinic acid was the most abundant in long and heart varieties. The most abundant flavonoid was quercetin pentosylrutinoside in the four tomato varieties. Yellow tomato presented the highest levels of phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, but the lowest antioxidant activity. In turn, the round tomato gave the best results in all the antioxidant activity assays. This study demonstrated that these tomato farmers’ varieties are a source of phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acid derivatives [2], and possess high antioxidant capacity [1]; being thus key elements in the diet to prevent chronic degenerative diseases associated to oxidative stress, such as cancer and coronary artery disease.

Gomphrena globosa L. como fonte alternativa de pigmentos naturais: caracterização de betacianidinas por HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS

A perceção, as opiniões e os desejos dos consumidores têm um enorme impacto na indústria alimentar. Na perceção visual, a cor torna-se um fator fundamental e, neste campo, os corantes alimentares assumem uma extrema importância. A cor pode ser considerada um dos atributos mais impressionantes dos géneros alimentícios, que influencia diretamente a preferência e a seleção dos consumidores[1]. Existem muitos corantes naturais utilizados na indústria alimentar, tais como carotenóides, antocianinas e betalaínas. As betalaínas incluem compostos com cores que vão do vermelho-violeta (betacianidinas) ao amarelo-laranja (betaxantinas). As betalaínas não têm sido tão extensamente estudadas como as antocianinas, mas possuem uma capacidade corante três-vezes maior. A única betalaína autorizada como corante natural deriva da beterraba(E-162)[2], mas existem outras fontes alternativas de betacianidinas ,como a que se apresenta neste trabalho: Gomphrenaglobosa L., vulgarmente designada por perpétua roxa.