Os jovens e os média numa escola de Bragança

A relação dos jovens com os média surge hoje facilitada devido aos dispositivos eletrónicos que lhes permitem aceder a variadas fontes de informação. Neste trabalho, tentou-se compreender que meios os jovens privilegiam, como os usam e durante quanto tempo, como hierarquizam as fontes que têm ao seu dispor, que lugar ocupa a imprensa escrita, áudio, audiovisual e online no seu quotidiano e o que motiva o seu uso. Para tal, aplicaram-se inquéritos a 40% dos alunos do 7.º ao 12.º ano numa escola em Bragança. Os resultados sugerem que o grau académico do agregado familiar pode influenciar a relação dos jovens com os média, que a internet é o meio mais procurado para diversos fins, que a televisão ainda ocupa um lugar preponderante e que a rádio é um meio pouco usado, apesar de disponível online.

Synthesis of waterborne polyurethane-urea dispersions with chain extension step in homogeneous and heterogeneous media

Hypothesis: The possibility of tailoring the final properties of environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane and polyurethane-urea dispersions and the films they produce makes them attractive for a wide range of applications. Both the reagents content and the synthesis route contribute to the observed final properties. Experiments: A series of polyurethane-urea and polyurethane aqueous dispersions were synthesized using 1,2-ethanediamine and/or 1,4-butanediol as chain extenders. The diamine content was varied from 0 to 4.5 wt%. Its addition was carried out either by the classical heterogeneous reaction medium (after phase inversion step), or else by the alternative homogeneous medium (prior to dispersion formation). Dispersions as well as films prepared from dispersions have been later extensively characterized. Findings: 1,2-Ethanediamine addition in heterogeneous medium leads to dispersions with high particle sizes and broad distributions whereas in homogeneous medium, lower particle sizes and narrow distributions were observed, thus leading to higher uniformity and cohesiveness among particles during film formation. Thereby, stress transfer is favored adding the diamine in a homogeneous medium; and thus the obtained films presented quite higher stress and modulus values. Furthermore, the higher uniformity of films tends to hinder water molecules transport through the film, resulting, in general, in a lower water absorption capacity.