Numerical analysis of wooden slabs with perforations under fire conditions

Wood is considered an ideal solution for floors and roofs building construction, due the mechanical and thermal properties, associated with acoustic conditions. These constructions have good sound absorption, heat insulation and relevant architectonic characteristics. They are used in many civil applications: concert and conference halls, auditoriums, ceilings, walls… However, the high vulnerability of wooden elements submitted to fire conditions requires the evaluation of its structural behaviour with accuracy. The main objective of this work is to present a numerical model to assess the fire resistance of wooden cellular slabs with different perforations. Also the thermal behaviour of the wooden slabs will be compared considering different material insulation, with different sizes, inside the cavities. A transient thermal analysis with nonlinear material behaviour will be solved using ANSYS© program. This study allows to verify the fire resistance, the temperature evolution and the char-layer, throughout a wooden cellular slab with perforations and considering the insulation effect inside the cavities.

Numerical prediction of thermal and dynamic characteristics of a fireinduced ceiling-jet

The aim of this thesis is to test the ability of some correlative models such as Alpert correlations on 1972 and re-examined on 2011, the investigation of Heskestad and Delichatsios in 1978, the correlations produced by Cooper in 1982, to define both dynamic and thermal characteristics of a fire induced ceiling-jet flow. The flow occurs when the fire plume impinges the ceiling and develops in the radial direction of the fire axis. Both temperature and velocity predictions are decisive for sprinklers positioning, fire alarms positions, detectors (heat, smoke) positions and activation times and back-layering predictions. These correlative models will be compared with a 3D numerical simulation software CFAST. For the results comparison of temperature and velocity near the ceiling. These results are also compared with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, using ANSYS FLUENT.

Estudo do comportamento biomecânico de aneurismas cerebrais

Os aneurismas cerebrais são dilatações patológicas das artérias cerebrais e são conhecidos como um dos eventos cerebrovasculares mais comuns e graves. A maioria dos aneurismas cerebrais não provocam sintomas até que se tornem grandes, começando a vazar sangue ou a romperem-se. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a caracterização do comportamento biomecânico de aneurismas, tendo em consideração diferentes parâmetros geométricos e fisiológicos, de forma a analisar o comportamento da parede de um vaso sanguíneo aquando a formação de um aneurisma. O estudo numérico foi efetuado considerando diferentes modelos constitutivos híper-elásticos, que é o caso dos vasos sanguíneos, com intuito de verificar qual o que melhor se adequa a este tipo de estudos e de analisar e calcular os deslocamentos e as deformações ocorridas no aneurisma cerebral. Os diferentes modelos constitutivos foram aproximados por uma curva de tensão/deformação que contém valores experimentais de um ensaio de tração até à rutura de uma mucosa vaginal. Foram utilizados dois módulos do software Ansys®, sendo estes o Fluent e o Static Structural. O primeiro utilizou-se determinar a pressão exercida pelo fluido na parede interior do canal, sendo este resultado exportado para o Static Structural, permitindo assim fazer o estudo estrutural do canal com aneurisma. Concluiu-se que a nível qualitativo, qualquer modelo constitutivo estudado pode ser utilizado, pois todos mostram o mesmo tipo de distribuição de deslocamentos e deformações. No entanto, os modelos mais fiáveis a nível quantitativo é o modelo de Mooney-Rivlin 5 Parameter e o Polynomial 2nd Order, pois apresentam os mesmos resultados.

Effect of different feed-rate in bone drilling: experimental and numerical study

The behaviour of bone tissue during drilling has been subject of recent studies due to its great importance. Because of thermal nature of the bone drilling, high temperatures and thermal mechanical stresses are developed during drilling that affect the process quality. However, there is still a lack information with regard to the distribution of mechanical and thermal stresses during bone drilling. The present paper describes a sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis to assess the mechanical and thermal stress distribution during bone drilling. A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical model was developed using the ANSYS/LSDYNA finite element code under different drilling conditions. The model incorporates the dynamic characteristics of drilling process, as well as the thermo-mechanical properties of the involved materials. Experimental tests with polyurethane foam materials were also carried out. It was concluded that the use of higher feed-rates lead to a decrease of normal stresses and strains in the foam materials. The experimental and numerical results were compared and showed good agreement. The proposed numerical model could be used to predict the better drilling parameters and minimize the bone injuries.