Óxido nítrico: propriedades e potenciais usos terapêuticos

Nitric oxide ( NO) is a substance that acts as a second-messenger and is associated with a number of important physiological functions such as regulation of the vascular tonus, immune modulation and neurotransmission. As a physiological mediator, alteration of its concentration level may cause pathophysiological disfunctions such as hypertension, septic shock and impotence. Possible therapeutic approaches are being developed to control NO levels in vivo. We review herein the main physical and chemical properties of NO, its biological functions and available chemical interventions to reduce and increment its physiological concentration levels. Recent developments in the field are also highlighted.

Fish Biodiversity Of The Vitória-trindade Seamount Chain, Southwestern Atlantic: An Updated Database.

Despite a strong increase in research on seamounts and oceanic islands ecology and biogeography, many basic aspects of their biodiversity are still unknown. In the southwestern Atlantic, the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain (VTC) extends ca. 1,200 km offshore the Brazilian continental shelf, from the Vitória seamount to the oceanic islands of Trindade and Martin Vaz. For a long time, most of the biological information available regarded its islands. Our study presents and analyzes an extensive database on the VTC fish biodiversity, built on data compiled from literature and recent scientific expeditions that assessed both shallow to mesophotic environments. A total of 273 species were recorded, 211 of which occur on seamounts and 173 at the islands. New records for seamounts or islands include 191 reef fish species and 64 depth range extensions. The structure of fish assemblages was similar between islands and seamounts, not differing in species geographic distribution, trophic composition, or spawning strategies. Main differences were related to endemism, higher at the islands, and to the number of endangered species, higher at the seamounts. Since unregulated fishing activities are common in the region, and mining activities are expected to drastically increase in the near future (carbonates on seamount summits and metals on slopes), this unique biodiversity needs urgent attention and management.

Effects Of Pde Type 5 Inhibitors On Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction In Resistant Hypertension.

Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is a multifactorial disease characterized by blood pressure (BP) levels above goal (140/90 mmHg) in spite of the concurrent use of three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes. Moreover, it is well known that RHTN subjects have high prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), which leads to increased risk of heart failure progression. This review gathers data from studies evaluating the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (administration of acute sildenafil and short-term tadalafil) on diastolic function, biochemical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with RHTN. Acute study with sildenafil treatment found that inhibition of PDE-5 improved hemodynamic parameters and diastolic relaxation. In addition, short-term study with the use of tadalafil demonstrated improvement of LVDD, cGMP and BNP-32 levels, regardless of BP reduction. No endothelial function changes were observed in the studies. The findings of acute and short-term studies revealed potential therapeutic effects of IPDE-5 drugs on LVDD in RHTN patients.A Hipertensão arterial resistente (HAR) é uma doença multifatorial caracterizada por níveis pressóricos acima das metas (140/90 mmHg), a despeito de tratamento farmacológico otimizado de 3 ou mais fármacos anti-hipertensivos de diferentes classes. Pacientes diagnosticados como hipertensos resistentes apresentam alta prevalência de disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE) que proporciona risco aumentado para insuficiência cardíaca. Esta revisão reúne dados de estudos prévios avaliando os efeitos dos inibidores de fosfodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) (administração aguda de sildenafil e de curto prazo de tadalafil) na função diastólica e nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos em pacientes com HAR. O estudo agudo com sildenafil demonstrou que a inibição da PDE-5 melhorou os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e de relaxamento diastólico. Além disso, o estudo curto prazo com o uso de tadalafil revelou melhora da DDVE e dos níveis de GMPc e BNP-32, independente de redução de pressão arterial. A função endotelial não apresentou alteração com ambos os tratamentos. Os resultados dos estudos agudo e de curto prazo sugerem efeitos terapêuticos potenciais dos fármacos inibidores da PDE-5 na disfunção diastólica em pacientes com HAR.

Efeito da temperatura e do teor de umidade na iniciação e desenvolvimento do rizoma de Kohleria eriantha (Benth.) Hanst. (Gesneriaceae)

Kohleria eriantha (Benth.) Hanst is a plant belonging to the family Gesneriaceae, with an underground organ, which is associated with vegetative reproduction. This organ is a rhizome, whose stem bears buds covered with modified leaves that store up starch. In small sections of this rhizome, containing six buds (1.5 to 2.0cm long), only one bud sprouted. The sprouted bud could be differentiated into two morphological pattern: aerial part or rhizome. Sprouting of the rhizome pattern occurred in sections kept on substrate with low water content (1mL of water), or lacking water, whereas sprouting of the aerial part pattern occurred in sections on substrate with high water content (12mL of water). Temperature at 20ºC also stimulated sprouting of the rhizome pattern, regardless of the water volume in the substrate. Sprouting of the rhizome pattern occurred still in sections on substrate to which polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) solution was added at the concentrations of 161.2, 235.2 and 340.0g/L, resulting in potentials of -3, -6 and -12 MPa, respectively. Sections kept on substrate with low water content (1 ml of water) showed a reduction in the dry matter content and high osmotic concentration in comparison with those on substrate with high water content. The results obtained revealed that forming of the rhizome pattern was influenced by water content and temperature. It is suggested that sprouting of the rhizome pattern was induced by the low water potential in the sections, when kept on substrate with low water content. Moreover, it was observed that the rhizome buds of Kohleria eriantha showed a high degree of plasticity.

Abundância de ramos reprodutivos e produção de sementes em populações de Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. na Ilha de Santa Catarina, Brasil

The variation in the proportion of reproductive branches, fruit, and seed production of Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated at ten beaches on Santa Catarina Island, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Three patches per beach of Ipomoea pes-caprae were monitored, involving two reproductive cycles. Ipomoea pes-caprae presented initially an average length of patches of 14 m, with 9.6 branches/m² and 39% of reproductive branches. The proportion of reproductive branches varied between the cycles, but there was not noticed an alternation of reproductive effort between the subsequent cycles. There was a reduction in the percentage of reproductive branches at six localities. In four beaches where Ipomoea pes-caprae populations declined, occurred reduction in the reproductive vigor, and in the seed production, being these declines associated to strong sea erosion. In another hand, in one beach with population increase, there were little reproductive branches due to the occurrence of young stolons. Four patches never maturated fruits, being three of these located at small beaches. The fruit and seed productions in the patches showed values up to 40 fruits/m² and up to 140 seeds/m², respectively. Populations with great seed production were localized in areas adjacent to great coastal plains, which may represent potential seed sources for areas with small seed production in the island.

Florivory and sex ratio in Annona dioica St. Hil. (Annonaceae) in the Pantanal at Nhecolândia, southwestern Brazil

Annona dioica St. Hil. is a species that grows to approximately 2 m tall and is very widespread in the cerrados. Individual plants of this androdioecious species produce numerous hermaphroditic or male flowers, but few fruits. The aim of this study was to determine the sex ratio among the plants and to compare the frequency of herbivory between male and hermaphroditic flowers. The fieldwork was done by studying flowering plants in grasslands used as pasture for cattle at Fazenda Nhumirim. One hundred and forty-seven male plants and 71 hermaphroditic plants were examined and produced a total of 194 and 94 flowers, respectively, during the study period. The male:hermaphrodite sex ratio was 2.07:1, and was similar to the male:hermaphrodite flower ratio of 2.06:1. The frequency of florivory rate in hermaphrodites was significantly higher than in male flowers (33.0%, n = 31, and 25.7%, n = 50, respectively; G = 14.83; d.f. = 1; p < 0.001). The mean fresh weights of male and hermaphroditic flowers were significantly different (8.38 ± 2.40 g vs. 6.93 ± 2.68 g, respectively; 0 ± SEM; n = 50 each; t = 2.479; d.f. = 49; p = 0.017). These results indicate that the low fruit set in this species can be explained by the sex ratio, the greater herbivory of hermaphroditic flowers and the probable absence of pollinators.

Reproductive biology of Davilla kunthii A. St-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) in Central Amazonia

This survey aimed at describing the interactions of floral visitors and Davilla kunthii A. St.-Hil. as well as characteristics of its reproductive biology in Itacoatiara, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Tests of the breeding system were performed. The guild of visitors was described according to richness, abundance, relative frequency and constancy. The breeding system tests indicated that D. kunthii is self-compatible. The pollination system was characterized as generalist, with 39 visitor species, from three different orders. Bees were the main group of pollinators, thus some behavioural aspects were described. Th e period of highest foraging activity was between 7 and 10 am. Some species presented agonistic and monopolistic behaviour. Given the behaviour and destructive potential, the Curculionidae seem to have a greater impact as seed predators than pollinators.

Medalhistas de ouro nas Paraolimpiadas de Atenas 2004 : reflexões de suas trajetorias no desporto adaptado

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Resposta eletromiografica do musculo iliocostal lombar e abordagem da pressão intradiscal da coluna lombar

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Stress no trabalho em professores de educação fisica do sistema municipal de educação, na comunidade de Concepcion, oitava região, Chile

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Comportamento da ativação dos musculos : reto femoral, vasto lateral e vasto medial durante a realização do movimento de extensão do joelho

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A estimulação da inteligencia corporal cinestesica no contexto na educação fisica escolar

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Lazer e participação em um grupo de praticantes de escalada

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Analise eletromiografica dos musculos reto abdominal e obliquo externo, em crianças na faixa etaria de 08 a 10 anos

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Centro esportivo virtual : um recurso de informação em educação fisica e esportes na internet

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física