Heterogeneidade do desempenho de alunos da Unicamp, do ingresso à conclusão

The aim of this work is to propose a methodology to evaluate the performance of students at Unicamp [São Paulo State University at Campinas] from admission to graduation. The sample consists of all students enrolled in Unicamp from 1997 to 2000, and the population corresponds to the universe of students throughout the existence of the university. The available database was gathered from socio-cultural questionnaires applied by the University Commission on College Entrance Examination at the time of enrollment for the examination (vestibular) and from academic information provided by the Unicamp Academic Studies Board. A methodology is proposed based on the relative gain variable suggested by Dachs and Maia (2006). This new methodology is based on the diversity measures proposed by Rao (1982) and on the use of U-statistics. Homogeneity tests have been proposed to assess whether there is a difference in performance among students from different groups.

Métodos probabilístico e determinístico para diagnóstico da necessidade de subsolagem de solos agrícolas

This paper presents two techniques to evaluate soil mechanical resistance to penetration as an auxiliary method to help in a decision-making in subsoiling operations. The decision is based on the volume of soil mobilized as a function of the considered critical soil resistance to penetration in each case. The first method, probabilistic, uses statistical techniques to define the volume of soil to be mobilized. The other method, deterministic, determines the percentage of soil to be mobilized and its spatial distribution. Both cases plot the percentage curves of experimental data related to the soil mechanical resistance to penetration equal or larger to the established critical level and the volume of soil to be mobilized as a function of critical level. The deterministic method plots showed the spatial distribution of the data with resistance to penetration equal or large than the critical level. The comparison between mobilized soil curves as a function of critical level using both methods showed that they can be considered equivalent. The deterministic method has the advantage of showing the spatial distribution of the critical points.

Avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaeróbia de resíduos da bovinocultura e da suinocultura

The biodegradability of animal wastes production was evaluated through a simplified methodology that allowed the verification of the applicability of anaerobic processes. The experiments were performed in bath reactors, with granular sludge of three origins: UASB reactor treating dairy effluent, UASB reactor treating swine effluent and UASB reactor treating effluent of slaughterhouse of poultry. The experiments (1) - dairy effluent and poultry slaughterhouse non-adapted sludge; (2) -swine effluent and poultry slaughterhouse non-adapted sludge; (3) - dairy effluent and poultry slaughterhouse adapted sludge; (4) - swine effluent and poultry slaughterhouse adapted sludge; (5) - dairy effluent and dairy sludge, and (6) - swine effluent and swine sludge were performed in Incubator Shaker, at a temperature of 35 °C, under agitation at a 150 rpm, for 5 minutes, every 1 hour. A substrat:biomass relationship of 0.5 was used. Kinetic models of Monod, Zero Order, First and Second Order were tested and it was verified that the First Order model provided the best adjustment. The apparent First Order kinetic parameter (k1) was estimated for the experiments 1; 2; 3; 4; 5, and 6, as 2.51 x 10-2; 2.49 x 10-2; 1.90 x 10-2; 3.09 x 10-2; 2.54 x 10-2; 4.09 x 10-2 h-1, respectively.

Determinação da difusividade efetiva de raiz de chicória

Inulin is a fructooligosacharide found in diverse agricultural products, amongst them garlic, banana, Jerusalem artichoke and chicory root. Inulin generally is used in developed countries, as a substitute of sugar and/or fat due to its characteristics of fitting as functional and dietary food. Chicory root is usually used as source and raw material for commercial extration of inulin. The experiments consisted on drying sliced chicory roots based on a factorial experimental design in a convective dryer whose alows the air to pass perpendicularly through the tray. Effective diffusivity (dependent variable) has been determined for each experimental combination of independent variables (air temperature and velocity). The data curves have been fitted by the solution of the second Fick law and Page's model. Effective difusivity varied from 3.51 x 10-10 m² s-1 to 1.036 x 10-10 m² s-1. It is concluded that, for the range of studied values, air temperature is the only statistically significant variable. So, a first order mathematical model was obtained, representing effective diffusivity behavior as function of air temperature. The best drying condition was correspondent to the trial using the highest drying air temperature.

Utilização de 1-metilciclopropeno e resfriamento rápido na conservação de pêssegos

Postharvest losses vary among the different vegetable products. However, among fruits and vegetables the losses generally range from 30% to 50%. Thus, this paper aimed the application of 1-methylcycloprene (1-MCP) and fast cooling with forced air (PC) on peaches, in order to estimate their effects in the ripening process of this fruit. Physiological analyses were performed, such as loss of fresh mass, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ratio and CO2 production, as well as sensorial analyses such as color, texture and flavor. The experiment was divided in two phases. In the first one, concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 nL/L 1-MCP, applied at 0 ºC and 20 ºC, were tested. The fruits treated without 1-MCP were denominated control for both temperatures studied. The second phase was composed by the following treatments: cold storage (CS) or control, cooling with forced air (CFA), cooling with forced air followed by 1-MCP application (CFA + 1-MCP) and 1-MCP application (1-MCP). Among these, the CFA + 1-MCP treatment provided more firmness of the fruits in comparison to the control fruits. The respiratory rate of peaches under CFA and CFA + 1-MCP treatments decreased in comparison to the control fruit respiratory rates.

Modelos de regressão lineares para estimativa de produtividade da soja no oeste do Paraná, utilizando dados espectrais

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the linear regression between spectral response and soybean yield in regional scale. In this study were monitored 36 municipalities from the west region of the states of Parana using five images of Landsat 5/TM during 2004/05 season. The spectral response was converted in physical values, apparent and surface reflectances, by radiometric transformation and atmospheric corrections and both used to calculate NDVI and GVI vegetation indices. Those ones were compared by multiple and simple regression with government official yield values (IBGE). Diagnostic processing method to identify influents values or collinearity was applied to the data too. The results showed that the mean surface reflectance value from all images was more correlated with yield than individual dates. Further, the multiple regressions using all dates and both vegetation indices gave better results than simple regression.

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

As Apocynaceae s. str. da região de Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil

The present study describes a survey of the Apocynaceae in different types of vegetation, in the region of Bauru, in the Center-West of São Paulo State. Of the 25 species encountered, distributed into 15 genera, representation ranges as follows: Forsteronia G. Mey, five species; Aspidosperma Mart., four species; Mandevilla Lindl., three species; Prestonia R. Br., two species; and Condylocarpon Desf., Hancornia Gomez, Himatanthus Willd. ex Roem. et Schult., Macrosiphonia Müll. Arg., Mesechites Müll. Arg., Odontadenia Benth, Peltastes Woodson, Rhodocalyx Müll Arg., Secondatia A. DC., Tabernaemontana L. and Temnadenia Miers, one species each. In addition to both distribution data, and flowering and fruiting times, identifications keys, descriptions and illustrations of the species are presented.

Flora arbórea da bacia do rio Tibagi (Paraná, Brasil): Celastrales sensu Cronquist

A study of the tree species of the order Celastrales sensu Cronquist from the Tibagi river basin, Paraná state, Brazil, is presented, based on herbarium material. This basin is subdivided into three zones, from north to south: lower Tibagi (BT), mid Tibagi (MT) and upper Tibagi (AT), each with different environmental conditions and vegetation types. The order Celastrales is represented in the basin by 15 tree species belonging to three families: Aquifoliaceae, Celastraceae and Icacinaceae. Icacinaceae has only two species, Citronella gongonha and C. paniculata. The former is distinguished by a glabrous ovary and leaves that usually bear thorns. Aquifoliaceae has six species: Ilex brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. chamaedryfolia, I. dumosa, I. paraguariensis and I. theezans. These species are found mainly in AT and MT and are distinguished by leaf size, indument, apices and margins, and by sepal features. Celastrales is represented by seven species and two genera; Plenckia populnea, a Brazilian savannah species found only in MT, and six species of Maytenus (M. evonymoides, M. robusta, M. dasyclada, M. salicifolia, M. ilicifolia and M. aquifolia) distinguished by leaf size and margins, branch shape and number of flowers per inflorescence.

A teoria e a prática: a questão da diferençano discurso sobre e da sala de aula

The main purpose of this paper is to question the relationship between theory and practice or basic and applied research in the domain of Applied Linguistics and classroom discourse. In order to achieve our aim, some theoretical texts, some recorded and transcribed classes as well as some teachers and students opinions about reading and writing were analysed. Results have shown that 1) practice is not the direct application of theoretical data: the relationship between them is not as simple as some applied linguists seem to believe because of the action of the unconscious in the constitution of subjectivity; 2) the conceptualization of the theoretical issues takes place in a confused and disorderly manner mixed up with personal experiences and previous knowledge (practice). We intend to question the fact that practice comes as secondary to theory.

Hipotaxe e Gramaticalização: uma Análise das Construções de Tempo e de Condição

This paper studies complex sentences with temporal hypotatic clauses and with conditional hypotatic clauses in order to investigate the degree of grammaticalization shown by these two kinds of utterances. Our hypothesis is that the more the hypotatic clause is integrated to the nuclear clause, the greater is the degree of grammaticalization. Such degree of integration was measured according to three groups of factors, and the results show that, regarding two of the variables evaluated, the conditional clauses are the most integrated to their nucleus, but, in another rank of evaluation, the temporal clauses are the most integrated ones. Considering that this study is based on a functionalist view, the results may be interpreted according to the principle that there is a competition of motivations in the use of language, so that each utterance reflects the balance of such forces.

A metalinguagem como lugar da interpretação: terminologia e bases de dados informatizadas

The main objective of this work is to discuss the notion of metalanguage concerning the use of thesaurus (symbols systems, functions indicators, descriptors) utilized by indexers for article representation in computerized bibliographical databases. Our corpus comprises article abstracts and bibliographical database descriptors LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde) and SOCIOFILE Sociological Abstracts. We aim at clarifying the effects of subjectivity in the functioning of indexing taking account the grounds for interpretation that allow different meanings.

Gênero e estresse em trabalhadores de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo

The aim of this paper was to identify, according to gender, the indexes of Mental Health and the Psychosocial Risk Factors in workers at a state University. A sample of 400 was randomly selected, 253 female and 147 male. They were assessed by means of The Questionnaire SWS Survey (Self, Work and Social) (Ostermann & Gutiérrez, 1992), validated in Brazil by Guimarães and Macfadden (1999). Univariate, bivariate, multivariate statistics were assessed. Significant associations emerged from Mental Health and Gender, and Psychosocial Risk Factors and Gender. Women showed greater Psychosocial Risk Factors, Work and Social Stress, worst mental health than men (p < 0.05), which place them at greater risk for developing physical and/or mental illness.

CROMATOGRAFIA DE AFINIDADE COM CORANTE RED A versus TROCA IÔNICA-PERMEABILIDADE EM GEL: COMPARAÇÃO DA PRATICIDADE NA PURIFICAÇÃO DE ENTEROTOXINA ESTAFILOCÓCICA A

Culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus 722 in 3% triptone plus 1% yeast extract was used for EEA purification, proceeding comparison between dye ligand Red A affinity chromatography and classic chromatography. The capture of SEA with Amberlite CG-50 allowed rapid enterotoxin concentration from the culture supernatant. However, the ratio of 15 mg of the resin to a total of 150 mg of the toxin satured the resin, giving only 10 to 30% of SEA recuperation from the supernatant. The elution of concentrated material throught the Red A column resulted in a recovery of 60,87% of the toxin, and required 76 hours, indicating advantage on classic chromatography. Ion exchange column plus gel filtration recovered only 6,5 % of the SEA, and required 114 hours to conclude the procedure. The eletrophoresis of purified SEA indicated high grade of toxin obtained from Red A column, with 90 % of purity, compared to 60 % of classic column.

As dimensões da linguagem em livros didáticos de inglês para o Ensino Fundamental I

This article aims at discussing and articulating views of language under sociocultural, dialogic and discourse perspectives, in order to present a theoretical framework as far as the analysis of textbooks of English as a foreign language for the Brazilian Ensino Fundamental I is concerned. Due to the limited number of studies in this field, to the still considerably structural approach of the English language teaching and learning in our country nowadays and to the important mediation role textbooks play in language education, we believe our work can contribute positively to the construction of critical and multiple literacies, which, in turn, can support an active and transformative educacional process in the present times.