Mães ouvintes com filhos surdos: concepção de surdez e escolha da modalidade de linguagem

The aim of this study was to analyze the conceptions that hearing mothers of deaf children have about deafness and relate it to the language mode used by the mother and the child. We interviewed 10 mothers of deaf children, five of whom were prescholars and five of school age. The content was analyzed as to thematic and category types, with emphasis on the categories conception of deafness and choice of language mode . Data analysis showed that one mother seems to see deafness as a disease, another as a difference and the other mothers were found to be somewhere between these two views. In relation to the preferred language mode, half the mothers reported that their children predominantly use signs, the other half uses speech and signs, with the exception of one child who uses only speech. The child whose mother acts as if deafness is a disease uses speech while another one whose mother acts as if deafness is a difference uses speech as well as signs.

A formação de personalidades éticas: representações de si e moral

The article presents studies of a current investigation among 75 adolescents from 12 to 15 years old, students of private schools of Campinas city, that have as main objective to notice a possible correspondence among the moral judgments and the representation that individuals have about themselves. From a questionnaire, the studies bring out the representations of these individuals and answer a questioning if they would have an ethical character or not and if these individuals would correspond to their moral judgments. The results point out to a correspondence among those whose self representations are characterized by more evolved ethical contents and judgments related to sensitivity and to the characters feelings involved in the situations described. Such studies validate the intention of this article to discuss the correspondences between ethics (how the individual sees himself/herself) and moral (how he/she judges the situations moral).

Movimento humano em uma perspectiva psicossomática: estudos de Judith Kestenberg

This paper considers Judith Kestenberg's approach to the psychic contextualization of human body movements, presenting: 1) the main movement categories identified by Kestenberg and their meanings; 2) the relations (affinities and shocks) within these movement patterns; 3) the relations between the initial preferences of a child for certain rhythms of movements and his/her movement patterns in adult life. The aim of this research was to present Kestenberg's studies, which offer a necessary knowledge to those willing to comprehend human body movement in a therapeutic context.

Estratégias de aprendizagem e desempenho acadêmico: evidências de validade

The purpose of the present study was to verify the factorial validity of a learning strategy scale as well as to explore the concurrent validity of the instrument in regard to students´ academic achievement. The sample was composed of 815 basic education children from both public and private schools of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The Learning Strategy Scale was collectively applied. Exploratory factorial analyses were conducted to achieve the purposes of the study. The alphas of Cronbach of the instrument and of its three subscales showed good reliability. Variance analyses showed significant differences between school achievement and punctuation in the scale. The data were discussed in terms of their possible implications for the psycho-educational evaluation area.

Implante coclear em crianças: a visão dos pais

The objective of this study was to analyze the point of view of parents in relation to the cochlear implant, their level of information concerning the implant, its risks and benefits, and their expectations towards their children's future. Ten parents of deaf children candidate for the cochlear implant at Unicamp's Clinical Hospital were interviewed. Based on a qualitative approach, a content analysis showed that the majority of parents seek the cure for deafness, and consequently, the acquisition of speech with the cochlear implant. For these families, the cochlear implant is seen both as the solution to their children's deafness and as a path for a better future. It has been evidenced that during the acquisition of knowledge about the implant, parents experienced anxiety and anguish when faced with the risks and benefits of the procedure, and the need to choose between performing and not performing the cochlear implant.

Aprendizagem autorregulada da leitura: resultados positivos de uma intervenção psicopedagógica

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pedagogical intervention to improve the reading comprehension of fourth grade students of a public primary school. Two classes of 28 students were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The students were assessed during three different moments by means of an informative questionnaire, a Learning Strategies Scale and two cloze tests for reading comprehension. The intervention consisted of seven sessions which included learning strategies instruction, reading strategies instruction, meta-cognition activation, motivational support and study guidance. Results showed improvement in meta-cognition and in reading comprehension in both groups. However, gains were higher and more consistent in the experimental group.

A teoria e a prática: a questão da diferençano discurso sobre e da sala de aula

The main purpose of this paper is to question the relationship between theory and practice or basic and applied research in the domain of Applied Linguistics and classroom discourse. In order to achieve our aim, some theoretical texts, some recorded and transcribed classes as well as some teachers and students opinions about reading and writing were analysed. Results have shown that 1) practice is not the direct application of theoretical data: the relationship between them is not as simple as some applied linguists seem to believe because of the action of the unconscious in the constitution of subjectivity; 2) the conceptualization of the theoretical issues takes place in a confused and disorderly manner mixed up with personal experiences and previous knowledge (practice). We intend to question the fact that practice comes as secondary to theory.

As diferenças rítmicas entre o português europeu e o português brasileiro: uma abordagem otimalista e minimalista

The aim of this paper is to discuss some rhythmic differences between European and Brazilian Portuguese and their relationship to pretonic vowel reduction phenomena. After the basic facts of PE and PB are presented, we show that the issue cannot be discussed without taking into account secondary stress placement, and we proceed to present the algorithm-based approach to secondary stress in Portuguese, representative of Metrical Phonology analyses. After showing that this deterministic approach cannot adequately explain the variable position of secondary stress in both languages regarding words with an even number of pretonic syllables, we argue for the interpretation of secondary stress and therefore for the construction of rhythmic units at the PF interface, as suggested in Chomsky s Minimalist Program. We also propose, inspired by the constrain hierarchies as proposed in Optimality Theory, that such interpretation must take into account two different constraint rankings, in EP and BP. These different rankings would ultimately explain the rhythmic differences between both languages, as well as the different behavior of pretonic vowels with respect to reduction processes.

Intercompreensão de texto escrito por falantes nativos de português e de espanhol

The aim of this paper is to verify the level of text comprehension (reading and translation) in Portuguese, by native speakers of Spanish and vice-versa. The subjects are freshmen, from different fields (300 native speakers of Portuguese and 300 of Spanish), who have never studied the other language neither as a second (L2) nor as a foreign language (FL). The results show that, in each group of subjects, there is a high level of comprehension of the foreign language, which varies from 58% to 94%, depending on the context and on the lexical/semantic similarity (or difference) between the key-words in the texts used in this research.

As relativas que são fáceis na aquisição do português brasileiro

The acquisition of Portuguese by two Brazilian children (aged 2;0 -5;0) is discussed in an attempt to describe and explain the first relative clauses produced in naturalistic, observational studies, according to the framework of generative syntax theory. The results show that at around 3;0: a) the child starts to deal with relative clauses as modifiers of N; b) cleft sentences appear before relative clauses, and c) the first relatives confirm the prevalence of the vernacular strategy of relativization in Brazilian Portuguese identified by other studies based on adult data.

Lingüística textual: quo vadis?

This paper aims to discuss the future -- and the proper survival of Textlinguistics this millenium, and the challenges it has to face in order to contribute to the development of Human Sciences in a new era.

As relações entre saber e poder em testes psicodiagnósticos a partir de M. Foucault

In this article my main objective is to approach some questions related to the tests used in psychodiagnostics processes of children who are considered as having learning difficulties. Having the book Discipline and Punish (1975/1986) by Foucault as theoretical basis, I intend to investigate the hypothesis that the child is considered ill or abnormal due to the factors related to imposed norms and not to organic aspects and/or neurological pathology. My interest is to analyse the signs that allow us to point out the written language conception of tests. This language is expected and privileged, however it may not be the language that the child uses and experiences every day.

O ensino de línguas para crianças no contexto educacional brasileiro: breves reflexões e possíveis provisões

This article aims at discussing about the foreign language teaching to young learners, taking the principles of the Sociocultural Theory (Vygotksy, 1978) and of the Communicative Approach (Almeida Filho, 1993, 2005) related to Primary English teaching (Cameron, 2001; Brewster, Ellis & Girard, 2002) as a theoretical references. Considerations about the importance of language learning in childhood will be made, as well as about the role of the grammar, oral language and mother tongue in the process. Likewise, the importance of Teacher Education will be briefly approached. This work is ended with the discussion about some possible procedures in the language teaching processes followed by a brief presentation of possible guidelines based on the bakhtinian notion of discourse genres.

Folhas verdes, folhas secas, fibra do colmo e a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar

The presence of vegetal impurities in sugarcane delivered to sugarmills as green and dry leaves is a problem not only because they are non-value materials to be processed along with sugarcane stalks, but also because they can rise the color of the clarified juice and, consequently, the color of the sugar produced, with a reduction of its quality for the market. Another problem is the mud volume sedimented in the clarifiers, which also can result in a larger recirculation and greater volume of filtrate juice, with higher losses of sucrose and utilization of the vacuum rotary filters. The objective of this work was to observe the effect of the presence of green and dry leaves on sugarcane juice clarification, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiments were planned based on the addition of quantities of fibrous sources in order to formulate samples with absolute increase of 0.25 , 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane stalks (control treatment). The juice clarification was conducted with a laboratory clarifier. The clarified juice color and the mud volume were evaluated. The presence of green leaves caused higher color and mud volume due to the extraction of non-sucrose components of the leaves. Soluble compounds of dry leaves were also extracted, though not detected by juice analysis. The addition of the fiber extracted from the stalks did not induce alterations in the clarification process.

A formação humana na perspectiva histórico-ontológica

The theme of human formation is at the centre of the philosophy of education, whose aim is precisely the process of human promotion brought about by education. Starting from the critical vigilance proper to philosophy, the text sketches a phenomenology of the present time, verifying that the ideas prevailing in education at present are centred on the critique of reason and on the notions of truth and objectivity. This neo-pragmatism, which in the attempt to oppose metaphysics becomes deeply metaphysical, reducing everything to language, is contested by the authors with Marx's thoughts as a historicising philosophy that concerns not abstract subjects, but real individuals, historical subjects that are constituted as a synthesis of social relations. To that end, the authors resort to the historical ontological reflection on human formation contained in Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. The article concludes by defending the proposition that access to the classics is a necessary condition for human formation.