1 resultado para RECYCLING
em Coffee Science - Universidade Federal de Lavras
Filtro por publicador
- ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica - Universidad Europea (1)
- Acceda, el repositorio institucional de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España (6)
- AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (3)
- Aquatic Commons (10)
- ArchiMeD - Elektronische Publikationen der Universität Mainz - Alemanha (2)
- Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (1)
- Archive of European Integration (7)
- Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco (6)
- Aston University Research Archive (8)
- B-Digital - Universidade Fernando Pessoa - Portugal (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (3)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) (11)
- Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas da UERJ (27)
- BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça (8)
- Brock University, Canada (1)
- Bucknell University Digital Commons - Pensilvania - USA (9)
- CaltechTHESIS (4)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (51)
- CentAUR: Central Archive University of Reading - UK (49)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal (37)
- Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), India (25)
- Coffee Science - Universidade Federal de Lavras (1)
- Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) (1)
- CORA - Cork Open Research Archive - University College Cork - Ireland (2)
- Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest (2)
- Dalarna University College Electronic Archive (1)
- Deakin Research Online - Australia (69)
- Department of Computer Science E-Repository - King's College London, Strand, London (2)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (1)
- Digital Commons @ DU | University of Denver Research (2)
- DigitalCommons - The University of Maine Research (2)
- DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center (1)
- Diposit Digital de la UB - Universidade de Barcelona (3)
- DRUM (Digital Repository at the University of Maryland) (1)
- Duke University (3)
- eResearch Archive - Queensland Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry (3)
- FUNDAJ - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (1)
- Greenwich Academic Literature Archive - UK (3)
- Helda - Digital Repository of University of Helsinki (14)
- Indian Institute of Science - Bangalore - Índia (34)
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (1)
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal (32)
- Iowa Publications Online (IPO) - State Library, State of Iowa (Iowa), United States (4)
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia - Portugal (1)
- Lume - Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (3)
- Ministerio de Cultura, Spain (3)
- National Center for Biotechnology Information - NCBI (15)
- Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA) (12)
- Portal de Revistas Científicas Complutenses - Espanha (1)
- Publishing Network for Geoscientific & Environmental Data (1)
- QSpace: Queen's University - Canada (2)
- QUB Research Portal - Research Directory and Institutional Repository for Queen's University Belfast (62)
- Queensland University of Technology - ePrints Archive (84)
- RDBU - Repositório Digital da Biblioteca da Unisinos (10)
- Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal (1)
- Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal (4)
- Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV (7)
- Repositório Digital da UNIVERSIDADE DA MADEIRA - Portugal (2)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro - Portugal (3)
- Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (100)
- Research Open Access Repository of the University of East London. (2)
- Royal College of Art Research Repository - Uninet Kingdom (1)
- RUN (Repositório da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) - FCT (Faculdade de Cienecias e Technologia), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Portugal (5)
- South Carolina State Documents Depository (8)
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico (1)
- Universidad del Rosario, Colombia (15)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (5)
- Universidade de Lisboa - Repositório Aberto (3)
- Universidade dos Açores - Portugal (1)
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) (1)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (52)
- Universitat de Girona, Spain (12)
- Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany (12)
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (4)
- Université de Montréal, Canada (31)
- Université Laval Mémoires et thèses électroniques (1)
- University of Michigan (43)
- University of Queensland eSpace - Australia (8)
- WestminsterResearch - UK (4)
Resumo:
Lithium is used in the cathode and electrolyte of rechargeable batteries in many portable electronics and electric vehicles, and is thus seen as a critical component of modern technology (Gruber et al., 2011). Electric vehicles are promoted as a way to reduce carbon emissions associated with the transportation sector, which accounts for 14.3% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (OECD International Transport Forum, 2010). However, the sustainability of lithium procurement will influence the overall environmental impact of this proposed “green” solution. It is estimated that 66% of the world’s lithium resource is contained in natural brines, 24% in pegmatites, and 8% in sedimentary rocks such as hectorite clays (Gruber et al., 2011). It has been shown that “[r]ecycling of lithium from Li-ion batteries may be a critical factor in balancing the supply of lithium with future demand” (Gruber et al., 2011). In an attempt to quantify energy and materials consumption associated with production of a unit of useful lithium compounds, industry reports and peer-reviewed scientific literature concerning lithium mining and lithium recycling were reviewed and compared. Other aspects of sustainability, such as waste or by-products produced in the production of a unit of useful lithium, were also explored. Thus, this paper will serve to further the evaluation of the comparative environmental consequences associated with lithium production via extraction versus recycling. Efficiencies must be made in both processes to maximize productivity while minimizing ecological harm.