Quando a fotografia (já) fazia os antropólogos sonharem: O jornal La Lumière (1851-1860)

Na efervescente metade do século XIX, marcada pela febre da ordem e do progresso, da racionalidade e das luzes, os antropólogos-naturalistas franceses descobrem, ao lado de muitos outros cientistas, as possibilidades heurísticas que a fotografia ofereceria à "visão" que eles tinham da "antropologia", a saber essa tentativa de mapeamento da "espécie humana", das raças e, dentre elas, dos tipos humanos, numa perspectiva claramente evolucionista. O jornal La Lumière (1851-1867), primeira publicação francesa dedicada à "Fotografia, às Artes e às Ciências", foi parcialmente reimpresso em 1995. Mergulhando nas colunas desse semanário, o leitor, além de adquirir uma idéia das origens da antropologia francesa, descobre as profissões de fé que se erguem em torno do novo suporte técnico e da nova "retina do cientista". Descobre, também, como essa prótese instaura uma nova ordem do olhar e levanta, em termos de uma epistemologia do conhecimento, um interessante questionamento em torno de dois outros meios de representações figurativas nos círculos antropológicos da época: os desenhos e as moldagens.

A disparada do burro e a cartilha do feitor: lógicas morais na construção de redes de sociabilidade entre escravos e livres em fazendas do Sudeste, 1860-1888

O objetivo principal do autor é pensar as relações de trabalho entre senhores, escravos, lavradores, administradores e feitores, em fazendas de café do Sudeste, nas décadas finais da escravidão. Para isso, tais relações sociais são analisadas através de dois estudos de caso, nos quais se chama a atenção para o conflito entre homens livres e escravos na formação de alianças em torno das regras sociais de justiça e trabalho, as quais são constantemente rompidas e reafirmadas, em permanente conflito social.

Myracetyma piraya SP. NOV. (COPEPODA, ERGASILIDAE) DAS BRÂNQUIAS DE Pygocentrus nattereri (KNER, 1860) (CHARACIFORMES: SERRASALMIDAE) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

Myracetyma pirayasp. nov. é proposta. Os espécimens foram coletados dos filamentos branquiais de Pygocentrus nattereri(KNER, I860). A espécie nova difere das outras, no tamanho, no formato do cefalotórax, nas extensões cuticulares dei antena e no formato e ornamentações dos ramos das pernas.

Ergasilus yumaricussp. n. (COPEPODA: ERGASILIDAE) DAS BRÂNQUIAS DE Pygocentrus nattereri (KNER, 1860), Serrasalmus rhombeus (LINNAEUS, 1819) E Pristobrycon eigenmanni (NORMAN, 1929) (CHARACIFORMES : SERRASALMIDAE) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

Ergasilus yumaricussp. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) é proposta. Os espécimens foram coletados dos filamentos branquiais de Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus rhombeuse Pristobrycon eigenmannido Rio Guaporé próximo à Pimenteiras, rios Guaporé e Mamoré próximo à Surpresa, rio Jiparaná próximo à Jiparaná e Pacaás Novos próximo à Guajará-Mirim, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. A nova espécie tem uma seta forte, pectinada e falciforme no primeiro exopodito, indicando uma relação com outras seis espécies amazônicas. Esta espécie difere das outras na forma do corpo, ornamentações das pernas, antenas e urossomitos.

Sobre Dipetalonema spiralis (Molin, 1860) (Nematoda, Filarioidea)

The authors give a description of Dipetalonema spiralis (Molin, 1860), based on two samples collected by the C. E. E. L. V. A. in the joints of the hands and feet of Choloepus didactylus (L.) at Piratuba, State of Pará, Brazil, both containing males and females. A study of the literature is made and original drawings are presented.

On Thelazia anolabiata (Molin, 1860) Railliet & Henry, 1910 (Nematoda, Thelazioidea): a new host record and systematic considerations

Thelazia anolabiata (Molin, 1860) Raillet & Henry, 1910, parasite of eyes of birds, is reported in s new host, Ortalis canicolis pantanalensis Cher & Reich from Salobra, Mato Grosso do Sul State; T. digitata Travassos, 1918 and T. lutzi Travassos, 1918 are considered its synonyms.

Sinopse do gênero Strongylaspis Thomson, 1860 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Macrotomini)

Synopsis of the genus Strongylaspis Thomson, 1860 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Macrotomini). The genus Strongylaspis Thomson, 1860 with its twelve known species are briefly treated herein: S. batesi Lameere, 1903, S. bullatus Bates, 1872, S. championi Bates, 1884, S. corticarius (Erichson, 1848), S. dohrni Lameere, 1903, S. fryi Lameere, 1912, S. graniger Bates, 1884, S. hirticollis Tippmann, 1953, S. kraepelini Lameere, 1903, S. macrotomoides Tippmann, 1953, S. sericans Tippmann, 1953, S. sericeus Zajciw, 1970. The genus as well as the species, Strongylaspis championi, S. bullatus and S. corticarius are redescribed; the last one including characterization of wings and male and female terminalia. Four new species are added: S. aureus sp. nov. (BRASIL, Amazonas), S. migueli sp. nov. (BRASIL, Mato Grosso), S. christianae sp. nov. (BRASIL, Mato Grosso) and S. bolivianus sp. nov. (BOLIVIA). All the species, but S. dohrni, are illustrated and keyed. Maps of distribution are also given.

Observações sôbre alguns diplópodos de interêsse agrícola

This paper deals with some Millipedes (Diplopoda), which have been verified associated with or attacking on cultivated plants. The following forms are reported: 1) Orthomorpha (Orthomorpha) coarctata (Saussure, 1860) - Enormous numbers of individuals belonging to this species, whose synanthropic habits are frequentely emphasized, were collected around coffee-plants kept in a nursery. Young plants (with 10 cm) are mentioned as damaged by the species, which gnaws the stem, just above the roots. The dusting with benzene hexachloride (BHC) was successfully employed to prevent the invasions. Other occurrences of O. coarctata are reported, ecological and biological informations being also added. 2) Orthomorpha (Kalorthomorpha) gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) - Observed frequentely associated with the former species, being however less numerous. Both forms are very active, seemming to be widely distributed throughout the State of S. Paulo. 3) Cylindroiulus (Aneuloboiulus) britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891) - This species represents the first european Millipede verified in Brazil, by O. SCHUBART (1942a). The Author obtained a few specimens associated with O. gracilis, from the roots of lettuce plants. The lesions shown by the stem just above the roots seem to be due to both species. 4) Alloporus setiger Broelemann, 1902; Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 and Pseudonannolene tricolor Broelemann, 1902 - Total damages determined by these species (mainly G. olivaceus) were observed in cultures of sugar-beet and melon. Actually, the Millipedes destroyed entirely the roots of the former plant and the fruits of the latter, representing a serious pest, here reported by the first time. Ecological and bionomical data are also included. 5) Pseudonannolene sp. (possibly P. paulista Broelemann, 1902) - Verified gnawing sweet-potatoes, about the crackings exhibited by the tubers. The crackings in sweet-potatoes appear to result in certain instances from a root-knot nematodes infection (Meloidogyne sp). P. paulista was recentely observed attacking potatoes, destroying from 6 to 30% of the tubers, according to the variety (BOOCK & LORDELLO, 1952).

Sinopse dos gêneros Scopadus e Omosarotes (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

Descriptions, synonym, new combinations and key to the species of Omosarotes Pascoe, 1860 are given. The male of Scopadus ciliatus Pascoe, 1857 is described. New species described: Omosarotes ater (type locality: Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador). New synonym proposed: Acanthomerosternoplon Tippmann, 1955 with Omosarotes Pascoe, 1860. New combinations: Omosarotes nigripennis (Zajciw, 1970) (from Scopadus Pascoe, 1857), O. paradoxum (Tippmann, 1955) and O. foxi (Lane, 1973), both from Acanthomerosternoplon Tippmann, 1955.

Revalidação de Mauesini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), transferência de gêneros, sinonímias e novos táxons

The tribe Mauesini Lane, 1956 is revalidated (type genus, Mauesia Lane, 1956). The following genera are transferred from Anisocerini to Mauesini: Taurolema Thomson, 1860 and Coroicoia Lane, 1966. New synonyms proposed: Taurolema nasicornis Schwarzer, 1930 with T. albopunctata Gounelle, 1906 and T. lineata Fuchs, 1966 with T. cicatricosa Lane, 1966. New species described from Brazil: Taurolema nigropilosa (Espírito Santo); Mauesia bicornis and M. acorniculata (both from Amazonas). A key to the genera of Mauesini is added.

Imaturos de pentatomídeos (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): morfologia e biologia de Acrosternum obstinatum

The morphological characteristics of the egg and five immature stages of Acrosternum obstinatum (Stål, 1860), fed on passion fruit, are described and illustrated. Biological data are also provided.

Contribuição aos Hemilophini (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) da Colômbia e do Equador

New taxa described: from Ecuador, Quirimbaua gen. nov., type species Q. castroi (Napo); from Colombia: Icupima taua (Cauca), Adesmus murutinga and Tyrinthia dioneae (Valle del Cauca), Essosthrutella acatinga and Hemilomecopterus gen. nov., type species, H. alienus (Amazonas). New records for Colombia are presented for Olivensa mimula Lane, 1965, Tyrinthia paraba Martins & Galileo, 1991, Amapanesia exotica (Martins & Galileo, 1991), Sibapipunga beckeri (Martins & Galileo, 1992), Juninia annulifera (Kirsch, 1889), Isomerida albicollis (Laporte, 1840), Adesmus diana (Thomson, 1860), A. pirauna Galileo & Martins, 1999, Phoebe concinna White, 1856 and Leucophoebe albaria (Bates, 1872). A key to the species of Essosthrutella is added.

Crustáceos no cerrito Ariano Souza, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul e distribuição de Callinectes sapidus (Brachyura, Portunidae)

While all species of the genus Callinectes Stimpson, 1860 have a continuous distribution on the Atlantic coast of the Americas, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 is the only one with disjunct distribution. Considering that this species was introduced in Europe and Japan, it has been suggested that the occurrence of C. sapidus on the southern coast of Brazil was due to the transport by ballast water. In the archaeological site Ariano Souza, located in the estuary of the Patos Lagoon (southern Brazil), remains of crustaceans, including claws of approximately two thousand years ago, were found. A preliminary analysis of this material showed Callinectes chelae. Because this archaeological site is located inside the estuary, it has been hypothesized that these chelae belong either to C. sapidus or to C. danae Smith, 1869. A comparison between pincers collected in the archaeological and pincers of these two species (90 dactyls, 30 of each type) was performed. The analysis (ANOVA) considered the variability of seven characters of the dactyls, and demonstrated the existence of two groups. Results showed that the measured characters suffice to separate these species, and indicated that the material found in the archaeological site belongs to C. sapidus. The hypothesis of the introduction of C. sapidus in the area is rejected. The possible biogeographic history of the species is discussed.

New species of Thaumastus from Lagoa Santa region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bulimuloidea)

A new species of Thaumastus (Thaumastus) Martens, 1860, from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, is described and illustrated, based on the morphology of the shell, jaw, radula and soft parts.

The interference of methods in the collection of teredinids (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in mangrove habitats

In the estuary of the Mamanguape River (Paraíba, Brazil), a new collection technique was developed and applied with virgin poles of mangrove trees Avicennia schaueriana (Verbenaceae), Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae), and Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae), taking into account wood preference, water salinity and depth influence during teredinid larval settlement. Sets of poles were vertically fixed in the riverbed at three sites along a decreasing salinity gradient, where they stayed for four months. The poles were collected and divided into upper, median, and lower segments, in agreement with different immersion regimes. An increase of 239% was obtained in the number of individuals when compared to a previous study in the same area using a different methodology. The species Teredo bartschi (Clapp, 1923), Nausitora fusticula (Jeffreys, 1860) and Bankia fimbriatula Moll & Roch, 1931 were registered in both studies, and the species Psiloteredo healdi (Bartsch, 1931) is here registered for the first time as occurring in that estuary. The species Neoteredo reynei (Bartsch, 1920), previously registered on tree branches of the mangrove habitat, was not found in the present work. Bankia fimbriatula, the most abundant species, did not show preference for any substratum but occurred significantly on the lower segment of the poles. N. fusticula, second in abundance, preferred to settle on poles of A. schaueriana and on any of the three segments. Aiming to assess the habitat variations, a more accurate study on teredinids diversity in mangrove ecosystems should be performed through a concomitant analysis from tree branches of the mangrove habitat, as well as from poles of mangrove trees or panels made of pine wood or mangrove trees wood. These collection devices should be maintained along a decreasing salinity gradient exposed to different tide levels.