New Host, geographical record and a synonym for Phyllodistomum Spatula Odhner, 1902 (Trematoda, Gorgoderidae)

In the present note Phyllodistomum spatula Odhner, 1902 is recorded for the first time from Brazil and in a New host Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) (Pisces, serrasalmidae), and Plyllodistomum spatulaeforme Odhner, 1902 is considered its synonym.

Planorbis meridaensis Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), a synonym of Biomphalaria prona (Martens, 1873)

Biomphalaria prona from Lake Valencia, Venezuela (type locality) has a polymorphic shell wich in the great majority of specimens is wider, with fewer rapidly expanding whorls, the outer one subcarinate on the left side and more or less strongly deflected leftward. Besides those modal forms there are little frequent variants characterized by narrower shell with less rapidly expanding, regularly curved whorls directed forward. Recent studies have shown that such variants constitute the predominant shell phenotype in extralacustrine populations, but are anatomically and biochemically indistinguishable from the modal class of the Lake. In the present paper it is demonstrated that the nominal species Planorbis meridaensis Preston, 1907, from Mérida, Venezuela, is identical with B. prona (Martens, 1873) of wich it must be considered a junior synonym.

Limnaea peregrina Clessin, 1882, Synonym of Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)

A description is given of the shell, radula, renal region, reproductive system and egg capsules of topotypic specimens of limnaea peregrina Clessin, 1882. This investigation intends contributing to define the specific identity of that nominal species. A close anatomical comparison with Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 from Michigan, USA, shows that both forms are indistinguishable, giving support to previous inferences from some authors. Data on egg hatching are presented.

Ixodes (Haemixodes) longiscutatum Boero (new status) and I. (H.) uruguayensis Kohls & Clifford, a new synonym of I. (H.) longiscutatum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Females of Ixodes (Haemixodes) uruguayensis Kohls & Clifford, 1967, a species whose adults were unknown until the present, were obtained in the laboratory from engorged nymphs collected on rodents (Scapteromys tumidus and Oxymycterus nasutus) in the counties of Maldonado and San José, Uruguay. Morphological characters of these females were identical to those given in the description of the female of Ixodes longiscutatum Boero, 1944. I. uruguayensis is, thus, relegated to a junior subjective synonym of I. longiscutatum. However, because of the unique morphological characters of the immature stages, the validity of the subgenus Haemixodes Kohls & Clifford, 1967 is not questioned. Therefore, the new status of Ixodes (Haemixodes) uruguayensis Kohls & Clifford, 1967 is Ixodes (Haemixodes) longiscutatum Boero, 1944.

Onychomycosis caused by Scytalidium dimidiatum. Report of two cases. Review of the taxonomy of the synanamorph and anamorph forms of this coelomycete

The authors report two cases of onychomycosis in the dystrophic form, one of them involving an HIV-positive patient, provoked by Scytalidium dimidiatum, previously called Scytalidium lignicola. The subject is reviewed from the taxonomic viewpoint, considering the anamorph Hendersonula toruloidea as a synonym of Nattrassia mangiferae, and having Scytalidium dimidiatum as the major synanamorph. According to many mycologists, Scytalidium hyalinum may be a separate species or a hyaline mutant of Scytalidium dimidiatum. Scytalidium lignicola Pesante 1957 was considered to be the type-species of the genus by ELLIS (1971)13 and later to be a "conidial state" of Hendersonula toruloidea by the same author, today known as Nattrassia mangiferae. The microorganism lives only on the roots of certain plants (mainly Platanus and Pinus). It produces pycnidia and is not considered to be a pathogen, although it is considered as a possible emerging agent capable of provoking opportunistic fungal lesions. The importance of this topic as one of the most outstanding in fungal taxonomy, so likely to be modified over time, as well as its interest in the field of dermatologic mycology, are emphasized.

Phlebotomine sandfly fauna and natural Leishmania infection rates in a rural area of Cerrado (tropical savannah) in Nova Mutum, State of Mato Grosso in Brazil

Introduction American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been reported in every municipality of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, but the transmission epidemiology remains poorly understood. Our study was developed in a rural area of the Nova Mutum municipality where four autochthonous cases of ACL were reported in 2009. Our aims were to describe the local phlebotomine sandfly fauna and to investigate the infection rates and infecting Leishmania species in the captured sandflies. Methods Entomological captures were performed bimonthly at 10 fixed sites close to the edge of a forested area between June 2011 and April 2012. Results A total of 3,743 phlebotomine sandflies belonging to 31 distinct species were captured. Approximately 75% of the specimens were females. The most abundant species (45.4%) was Lutzomyia antunesi, which was consistently captured at every site. Species that are epidemiologically important for ACL, such as L. flaviscutellata, L. whitmani and L. umbratilis, were also captured. L. antunesi and L. ubiquitalis were naturally infected by Leishmania braziliensis or Le. guyanensis, with minimum infection rates of 0.88% and 6.67%, respectively. Surprisingly, L. antunesi was infected by Le. infantum (synonym chagasi). Conclusions The natural infection of L. antunesi and L. ubiquitalis by Leishmania sp. suggests that these species might play a role in the zoonotic cycle of ACL in Nova Mutum. The presence of Le. infantum in L. antunesi suggests that there may be a risk of an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Nova Mutum.

The species of Notiobia Perty (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) from Brazil

The new species Notiobia glabrata, N. maxima and N. pseudolimbipennis are described. A key to the 11 Notiobia (s.str.) species known from Brazil, data about the distribution of each species and taxonomical remarks are provided. Notiobia parilis Bates, 1878 is a junior synonym of N. nebrioides Perty, 1830, and Notiobia umbrata Bates, 1882 is a junior synonym of N. jlavicinctus Erichson, 1847. The Brazilian Notiobia species belong to at least three different species groups, each distributed from Brazil over the North-Western part of South America, Central America to Mexico.

Revision of the Chilean species of Empididae (Diptera) described by J. Macquart

Four Chilean species of Empididae (Diptera) are revised: Aplomera pachymera (Macquart, 1838), A. gayi Macquart, 1838, Empis nudipes Macquart, 1838 and E. polita Macquart, 1838. Aplomera chilensis (Bezzi, 1909) was also studied and it is being considered junior synonym of A. pachymera. Empis nudipes Macquart, 1838 is confirmed to be a junior synonym of A. gayi Macquart, 1838. Lectotype is being designated for A. pachymera, A. chilensis and E. polita. Illustration of terminalia and photomicrographs of wings are also included.

Redescrição de duas espécies neotropicais de Empididae (Diptera) descritas por Curran e revalidação do gênero Porphyrochroa

The two species described in the genus Axelempis Curran, 1931, junior synonym of Macrostomus Wiedemann, 1817, Axelempis fulvithorax Curran, 1931 and A. fasciventris Curran, 1931 are redescribed from the types. The first one remains in the genus Macrostomus and the second one is transferred to Porphyrochroa Melander, 1928, here revalidated.

Sinopse dos gêneros Scopadus e Omosarotes (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

Descriptions, synonym, new combinations and key to the species of Omosarotes Pascoe, 1860 are given. The male of Scopadus ciliatus Pascoe, 1857 is described. New species described: Omosarotes ater (type locality: Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador). New synonym proposed: Acanthomerosternoplon Tippmann, 1955 with Omosarotes Pascoe, 1860. New combinations: Omosarotes nigripennis (Zajciw, 1970) (from Scopadus Pascoe, 1857), O. paradoxum (Tippmann, 1955) and O. foxi (Lane, 1973), both from Acanthomerosternoplon Tippmann, 1955.

Revisão do gênero Satipoella (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

The genus Satipoella Lane, 1964 is revised and a new synonym is proposed, Icarai Galileo & Martins, 1998, with Satipoella. A new species, S. ochroma, is described from Amazonas, Brazil. New combination: Satipoella bufo (Thomson, 1864) from Icarai. The three species of Satipoella are illustrated and keyed.

Revisão taxonômica e relações filogenéticas das espécies de Roeboides grupo-microlepis (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)

The Roeboides microlepis species-group is revised. Four species are recognized: R. myersii Gill, 1870 from the Amazon basin, R. microlepis (Reinhardt, 1851) from river Paraguay, middle and lower river Paraná, R. araguaito sp. nov. from the river Orinoco basin, and R. margareteae sp. nov. known only from Rio Parnaíba and Pindaré-Mearim, northeastern Brazil. The type-locality of R. microlepis is restricted to river Paraguay; R. bonariensis (Steindachner, 1879) is considered a synonym of R. microlepis. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that R. myersii and R. araguaito are most parsimoniously related and may be a sister group. These two species are here considered as sister group of the monophyletic lineage which includes R. microlepis and R. margareteae. A key to the microlepis species-group genus Roeboides is given.

Variações morfológicas em Edessa rufomarginata e revalidação de E. albomarginata e E. marginalis (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)

Based on the types of Edessa rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773) and its synonyms, on morphology of the paramere and coloration, seven patterns are described for E. rufomarginata. Pentatoma furcata Palisot de Beauvois, 1805, Cimex cruentus Fabricius, 1775, Aceratodes flavovirens Stål, 1855 and A. flavomarginatus Stål, 1855 are mantained as junior synonyms of E. rufomarginata. A. albomarginatus Stål, 1855 and A. marginalis Dallas, 1951 are removed from the synonymy of E. rufomarginata and are reinstated in Edessa. Aceratodes discolor Dallas, 1951 is removed from the synonymy of E. rufomarginata and is considered junior synonym of Edessa abdominalis Erichson, 1848.

Taxonomic revision of doubtful Brazilian freshwater shrimp species of genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

The freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 are widely distributed in rivers of tropical and subtropical regions and represent an interesting group with controversial taxonomy. The morphological characters traditionally used to separate species have shown a high intraspecific variation. Doubts about the status of M. birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986, M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978 and M. petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 have been arisen due to the high resemblance of the former two species with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836), and the latter one with M. potiuna (Müller, 1880). Therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis of these species, including new characters not usually used in the species recognition. The present results here with molecular data lead us to conclude that M. birai and M. holthuisi are junior synonyms of M. olfersi, and M. petronioi is a junior synonym of M. potiuna. Considering these synonymies, 17 valid species are now reported for the Brazilian territory.

Description of the male of Mangora brokopondo (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on Mangora species from Brazilian Oriental Amazon

The male of Mangora brokopondo Levi, 2007 is described and illustrated for the first time. Variation in the color pattern of the females is documented. Mangora woytkowskii Levi, 2007 is considered a junior synonym of M. hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878). New records of M. alinahui Levi, 2007 and M. pia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 are presented.