Processamento auditivo em idosos: estudo da interação por meio de testes com estímulos verbais e não-verbais

Em função do processo de envelhecimento, surge a perda auditiva, conhecida como presbiacusia que, além da perda auditiva, é acompanhada por um declínio do funcionamento auditivo. OBJETIVO: caracterizar o aspecto da interação de sons verbais e não-verbais em idosos com e sem perda auditiva por meio dos testes de Localização Sonora em Cinco Direções, Fusão Binaural e do Teste Pediátrico de Inteligibilidade de Fala em escuta Monótica (Pediatric Sentence Identification - PSI-MCI), levando em conta cada procedimento e o grau da perda auditiva. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo clínico com coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 110 idosos, na faixa etária dos 60 a 85 anos com audição normal ou com perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau até moderadamente-severo simétrica foram incluídos neste estudo. O comportamento auditivo comum a todos os testes selecionados foi denominado de interação. A análise foi feita por procedimento isolado e pelo grau da perda auditiva. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram mais indivíduos com inabilidade no teste de Fusão Binaural. Os procedimentos que apresentaram uma dependência estatisticamente significante com o grau da perda auditiva foram o teste de Localização Sonora e PSI-MCI (-10). CONCLUSÃO: Idosos apresentam dificuldade no processo de interação binaural quando a informação auditiva não está completa. O grau da perda auditiva interferiu principalmente no comportamentos auditivo de localização.

Dissulfeto de molibdênio, um material multifuncional e surpreendente: doze anos depois

In 2002, a review article was published in which molybdenum disulfide properties were discussed. The last sentence of the article read as follows: "Based on that described above, we can conclude that in spite of the vast applications of molybdenum disulfide in several industrial branches, many of the potential applications need to be investigated in the future". Since 2002, novel properties of molybdenum disulfide have been described which promise to revolutionize science. The objective of the present review paper was to provide an overview of the processes of 2H-MoS2 exfoliation and properties of the single layers, reported mainly in the last decade.

Expressiveness and definability in circumscription

We investigate expressiveness and definability issues with respect to minimal models, particularly in the scope of Circumscription. First, we give a proof of the failure of the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem for Circumscription. Then we show that, if the class of P; Z-minimal models of a first-order sentence is Δ-elementary, then it is elementary. That is, whenever the circumscription of a first-order sentence is equivalent to a first-order theory, then it is equivalent to a finitely axiomatizable one. This means that classes of models of circumscribed theories are either elementary or not Δ-elementary. Finally, using the previous result, we prove that, whenever a relation Pi is defined in the class of P; Z-minimal models of a first-order sentence Φ and whenever such class of P; Z-minimal models is Δ-elementary, then there is an explicit definition ψ for Pi such that the class of P; Z-minimal models of Φ is the class of models of Φ ∧ ψ. In order words, the circumscription of P in Φ with Z varied can be replaced by Φ plus this explicit definition ψ for Pi.

Preliminary data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Brazilian male and female juvenile delinquents

The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a sample of delinquent adolescents of both genders and to compare the prevalence between genders. A total of 116 adolescents (99 males and 17 females) aged 12 to 19 on parole in the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed using the screening interview based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime (KSADS-PL). Data were collected between May 2002 and January 2003. Of 373 male and 58 female adolescents present in May 2002 in the largest institution that gives assistance to adolescents on parole in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 119 subjects were assessed (three of them refused to participate). Their average age was 16.5 years with no difference between genders. The screening interview was positive for psychopathology for most of the sample, with the frequencies of the suggested more prevalent psychiatric disorders being 54% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 77% for conduct disorder, 41% for oppositional defiant disorder, 57% for anxiety disorder 57, 60% for depressive disorder 60, 63% for illicit drug abuse, and 58% for regular alcohol use. Internalizing disorders (depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and phobias) were more prevalent in the female subsample. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of illicit drug abuse between genders. There were more male than female adolescents on parole and failure to comply with the sentence was significantly more frequent in females. The high prevalence of psychopathology suggested by this study indicates the need for psychiatric treatment as part of the prevention of juvenile delinquency or as part of the sentence. However, treatment had never been available for 93% of the sample in this study.