Estratégia nas empresas de internet: lições da informalidade

Pesquisas realizadas sobre o tema de formação de estratégias em pequenas empresas indicam que estas não usam abordagens formais para o apoio ao processo de planejamento estratégico. Elas tendem a utilizar uma abordagem informal e oportunista na criação de estratégias. Os resultados deste artigo mostram que pequenas firmas de prestação de serviços para a Internet não adotam ferramentas do tipo tool-kit. Elas aplicam um conjunto de atividades influenciadas por três dimensões características na formação de estratégias: "incrementalismo", informalidade e networking. Este estudo revela, ainda, que as empresas não empregam, de forma sistemática, as ferramentas acadêmicas concebidas para apoiar o processo de desenvolvimento de estratégias. Essas ferramentas foram percebidas como consumidoras de tempo e impróprias para a adoção pelas empresas analisadas.

The relevance of subsidiary initiatives for Brazilian multinationals

The purpose of this paper is to analyze relationship patterns between headquarters and subsidiaries of Brazilian Multinationals Enterprises (BrMNEs). The key construct for that investigation is Subsidiary Initiative, which comprises Subsidiary Entrepreneurial Orientation, Autonomy, Integration, Local Competitive Context and Business Network. A survey was carried out in a sample of 65 subsidiaries of 29 BrMNEs. The main outcome is that subsidiaries are highly integrated and receive Entrepreneurial Orientation from Headquarters (HQs), but Initiative is limited. Actually, the main determinants of subsidiary's initiatives are Local Context and Business Networking in the host country. This apparent paradox may be explained by what we call 'rebellious subsidiaries', which take initiatives based on their business environment and connections, regardless of their HQs' directions or delegation of autonomy.

Social capital, social participation and life satisfaction among Chilean older adults

OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with social participation and their relationship with self-perceived well-being in older adults. METHODS This study was based on data obtained from the National Socioeconomic Characterization (CASEN) Survey conducted in Chile, in 2011, on a probability sample of households. We examined information of 31,428 older adults living in these households. Descriptive and explanatory analyses were performed using linear and multivariate logistic regression models. We assessed the respondents’ participation in different types of associations: egotropic, sociotropic, and religious. RESULTS Social participation increased with advancing age and then declined after the age of 80. The main finding of this study was that family social capital is a major determinant of social participation of older adults. Their involvement was associated with high levels of self-perceived subjective well-being. We identified four settings as sources of social participation: home-based; rural community-based; social policy programs; and religious. Older adults were significantly more likely to participate when other members of the household were also involved in social activities evidencing an intergenerational transmission of social participation. Rural communities, especially territorial associations, were the most favorable setting for participation. There has been a steady increase in the rates of involvement of older adults in social groups in Chile, especially after retirement. Religiosity remains a major determinant of associativism. The proportion of participation was higher among older women than men but these proportions equaled after the age of 80. CONCLUSIONS Self-perceived subjective well-being is not only dependent upon objective factors such as health and income, but is also dependent upon active participation in social life, measured as participation in associations, though its effects are moderate.

Proposição de um modelo exploratório dos fatores relevantes para o desempenho profissional do CIO brasileiro

O objetivo neste trabalho é obter um modelo exploratório dos fatores relevantes para o desempenho profissional do Chief Information Officer (CIO) brasileiro. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória por meio de abordagem quantitativa. Foram considerados na pesquisa seis frameworks teóricos encontrados na literatura mundial, os quais descrevem atributos associados ao desempenho profissional do CIO, buscando assim obter-se um melhor entendimento do problema de pesquisa. A partir daí, foi elaborado um questionário, sendo esse o instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado neste estudo. Aplicado o questionário, a partir de um web survey, obteve-se a participação de 111 respondentes, todos CIOs brasileiros. Uma vez efetuada a coleta de dados, foi adotada análise fatorial exploratória, com o propósito de obter-se um modelo exploratório. Como resultado do estudo, propôs-se um modelo exploratório de sete fatores relevantes para o desempenho profissional do CIO brasileiro, quais sejam: visão do negócio; suporte à organização via tecnologia da informação (TI); capacidade de influenciar a organização; capacidade técnica; networking externo; gestão da operação de TI; e visão inovadora do uso de TI. Ao final, são apresentadas as limitações do artigo, assim como propostos passos futuros para essa linha de pesquisa.

Rock outcrop vegetation in Brazil: a brief overview

This paper overviews the special issue of the Brazilian Journal of Botany dedicated to "Rock outcrop vegetation in Brazil". The main topics covered by this issue are phytogeography and vegetation ecology, plant life on shallow soils, plant reproduction and auto-ecology, morpho-physiology and plant adaptation, and finally conservation and global change. This collection of studies, in addition to other recent publications on Brazilian rocky outcrop vegetation, show that measurements of most of the relevant ecological and evolutionary parameters are under way and that scientific attention is now given to most Brazilian regions. However, there are still several gaps to be bridged: 1) inselbergs and high mountains in the Amazon and the Brazilian northeast, in particular, are still largely unknown to science; 2) long-term studies are almost totally unavailable, which hinders global change monitoring and assessment; 3) national and international networking are urgently needed to speed up scientific production about such habitats.