18 resultados para mercosur

em Scielo Saúde Pública - SP


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The article discusses if nationalism is getting in the way of regional integration through a Brazilian prism due to Brazil’s pivotal role in regional integration in Mercosur and South America.

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Este artículo analiza la política de Brasil y Argentina en relación a los procesos de integración y cooperación regionales, en particular hacia el Mercosur. Se hace previamente una reflexión teórica sobre la regionalización o regionalismo, luego se presenta someramente el Mercosur para en seguida abordar las respectivas políticas exteriores. En Sudamérica el Mercosur coexiste hoy con otras dos iniciativas. Como nuevos escenarios de regionalización aparecen, desde diciembre de 2004 la Unasur (Unión Sudamericana de Naciones) como esquema de cooperación y concertación liderado por Brasil y, desde la misma época, ALBA (Alternativa Bolivariana de Integración) promovida por el presidente Chávez como proyecto contrario al Mercosur, al cual considera "neoliberal".

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The aim of this article is to analyze Brazil's foreign policy towards the South American region during President Lula's administration. As such, the article intends to highlight two specific dimensions: the extent to which foreign policy during this period has differed from previous periods and the relative importance granted by Brazilian diplomacy to recent cooperation and integration efforts, more specifically the Unasur and Mercosur. The article argues that the Lula administration has behaved differently from its predecessors by prioritizing the building up of Brazilian leadership in South America on several different fronts, especially by strengthening multilateral institutions in the region

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El artículo analiza la búsqueda de posiciones comunes del Mercosur Ambiental, teniendo en cuenta la evolución del proceso regional. Desde el constructivismo social se pretende identificar las contribuciones de las comunidades epistémicas y de la sociedad civil para definir una agenda ambiental para Brasil y Argentina, y se describen algunas perspectivas.

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La relevancia que ha tomado la Sociedad de la Información en los últimos tiempos a nivel mundial, ha hecho que los gobiernos de las naciones incluyan dentro de su organización estructural, entes que se dediquen exclusivamente a atender el desarrollo de la SI a nivel nacional. Así también a nivel regional específicamente en el Mercosur, dentro de la RECyT se ha creado el Grupo de Trabajo Sociedad de la Información con el fin de lograr alcanzar la equidad en el acceso a la información y al conocimiento en un mundo eminentemente globalizado. Nuestro objetivo con este artículo, es realizar un diagnóstico de la situación actual del desarrollo de la SI en el Mercosur señalando cuáles son las debilidades y fortalezas de cada país para ingresar en forma proactiva a la SI.

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El derecho a la información, que tiene implícito el derecho de acceso a la información, es un pilar fundamental del moderno Estado de Derecho. En el acceso a la información intervienen hoy procesos calificados de organización del conocimiento y de técnicas de recuperación de información, asociadas a las nuevas tecnologías. Las fuentes de información jurídica, en especial en lo que hace a las normas constitucionales y legislativas, deben ser de acceso libre, indiscriminado, gratuito y no restringido, garantizando los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos. Es responsabilidad de los Estados facilitar el acceso a esa información, a través de la publicidad de las normas. Internet es un vehículo adecuado para permitir la realización de los principios arriba mencionados del modo más amplio y democrático. En este trabajo se identifican y analizan los sitios oficiales de legislación de cada país integrante del Mercosur. Se caracterizan los sitios en función de parámetros que permitirán cuantificar y calificar el nivel de cumplimiento del principio de publicidad: normas disponibles, período abarcado, formas de acceso, costo, actualización, enlaces, modalidades de recuperación temática, etc. Se realiza un análisis comparativo, se muestran y comentan los resultados y se lleva a cabo una evaluación general.

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The success of the possible Mercosur. Mercosur can be observed from two different perspectives. One from an ideal integration project, whose reference is the European Union. The other, based in the profound prevailing asymmetries within the region and the progress achieved since the founding bilateral agreements of presidents Alfonsin and Sarney, in 1985. From the first perspective, Mercosur in a failure; from the second, it has achieved considerable success. The integration process is displayed in three levels: the national density prevailing in the member countries, the rules of the game of the system and the common standings vis a vis the rest of the world. The future of Mercosur depends on progress achieved in these three levels and the opening of new possibilities of national development for each member country in a regional framework.

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This study analyzes the impact of globalisation on the organization and strategies outlined by the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study intends to understand how countries from the periphery deal with new institutional challenges resulting from globalization, using the case of the Brazilian diplomatic service.

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There have been two key initiatives taken in the last two decades in Brazil to create a counter-hegemonic project for the country. One initiative resulted from Brazil's business community and high-level State bureaucracy and aimed at forming a regional economic and political bloc that would guarantee and enlarge a relative independence from the hegemonic powers. The other resulted from the emergence of the new unionist movement in São Paulo and from the formation of Partido dos Trabalhadores and aimed at promoting radical democratization and reducing social exclusion. Both initiatives have created policies and changes that have converged to enhance Brazil's counter-hegemonic position as a regional and emerging power.

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En los últimos años, Brasil se está convirtiendo en una potencia mundial, a la vez que se le considera el líder regional. En este trabajo se aborda el papel creciente de Brasil en el ámbito internacional, al tiempo que aumentan las tensiones con sus vecinos. ¿Cuál es la prioridad de la política exterior brasileña: las relaciones regionales o los asuntos mundiales?

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Mercosur: the dilemma between the customs union and a free trade area. In 2001, the government of Argentina - facing a major economic crisis - took a rather controversial decision and reduced the tariff rates of all capital goods to zero. This became a main source of conflict with Brazil, the only country of Mercosur that produces such goods. This paper discusses two possible scenarios for the resolution of this issue. In the first one, the countries would opt for the maintenance of the customs union. The authors present some suggestions for the rebuilding of the Common External Tariff (CET), by which the countries would take a middle course acceptable to all. The other possible outcome would be a step back in the direction of a free trade area, with no CET at all.

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South America in movement. This paper discusses the prospects for the integration of South America, stressing that there are two competing projects. One the one hand, we have the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), as proposed by Washington, or bilateral free trade agreements with the United States in the FTAA format. On the other hand, we have Mercosur, recently expanded by the accession of Venezuela. Washington's still very significant but declining influence in South America, relations between Argentina and Brazil, Venezuela's entry into Mercosur, and the role of smaller countries are successively examined.

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Trade between South America and China has been an important source of the high growth shown by those economies in the 2000s. During the globalization of the 1990s, trade between the region and China had not developed so much. A rather sharp growth in China's presence in world trade since the beginning of the 2000s changed the world trade trends for MERCOSUR countries, or, at least, for many of them. The impact of the increasing trade of agrifood has been very relevant, and different per country. Strategy is another important issue, referring to bilateral relations with China. This country should be seen as a partner in the global trade, and not as a new foreign investor for the region, but this may be different in the context of different national strategies of South American countries.