Empowerment como forma de prevenção de problemas de saúde em trabalhadores de abatedouros

O objetivo do artigo foi ressaltar a necessidade de esforços educativos que visem ao empowerment de funcionários de abatedouros, baseado nos principais problemas de saúde por eles enfrentados. A rotina em abatedouros consiste em tarefas estressantes e cansativas. As conseqüências incluem problemas músculo-esqueléticos, transmissão de zoonoses, problemas de pele e acidentes com materiais pérfuro-cortantes e animais. Esses trabalhadores geralmente não são especializados, não têm controle sobre suas tarefas, e podem não estar conscientes dos determinantes que afetam sua saúde. Os veterinários são geralmente responsáveis pela rotina de trabalho nesses locais e conhecem os riscos à saúde que a execução dessas tarefas representam. Portanto, esses profissionais poderiam participar mais ativamente na educação para o empowerment dos trabalhadores e não se concentrarem apenas em questões referentes à segurança alimentar.

Public hearings as a tool to improve participation in regulatory policies: case study of the National Agency of Electric Energy

The participation of citizens in public policies is an opportunity not only to educate them, but also to increase their empowerment. However, the best way for deploying participatory policies, defining their scope and approach, still remains an open and continuous debate. Using as a case study the Brazilian National Agency of Electric Energy (Aneel), with its public hearings about tariff review, this paper aims at analyzing the democratic aspects of these hearings and challenges the hypothesis of many scholars about the social participation bias in this kind of procedure. This study points out a majority participation of experts, contrasting with the political content of discussions. And, this way, it contributes to a critical analysis of the public hearings as a participatory tool, indicating their strengths and their aspects which deserve a special attention.

Incidence and risk factors for intimate partner violence during the postpartum period

OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for intimate partner violence during postpartum.METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted with women, aged between 18-49 years, enrolled in the Brazilian Family Health Strategy in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Of the 1.057 women interviewed during pregnancy and postpartum, 539 women, who did not report violence before or during pregnancy, were evaluated. A theoretical-conceptual framework was built with three levels of factors hierarchically ordered: women’s and partners’ sociodemografic and behavioral characteristics, and relationship dynamics. Incidence and risk factors of intimate partner violence were estimated by Poisson Regression.RESULTS The incidence of violence during postpartum was 9.3% (95%CI 7.0;12.0). Isolated psychological violence was the most common (4.3%; 95%CI 2.8;6.4). The overlapping of psychological with physical violence occurred at 3.3% (95%CI 2.0;5.3) and with physical and/or sexual in almost 2.0% (95%CI 0.8;3.0) of cases. The risk of partner violence during postpartum was increased for women with a low level of education (RR = 2.6; 95%CI 1.3;5.4), without own income (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9) and those who perpetrated physical violence against their partner without being assaulted first (RR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2;3.4), had a very controlling partner (RR = 2.5; 95%CI 1.1;5.8), and had frequent fights with their partner (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9).CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of intimate partner violence during postpartum and its association with aspects of the relationship’s quality between the couple, demonstrated the need for public policies that promote conflict mediation and enable forms of empowerment for women to address the cycle of violence.

Dengue in Brazil and Colombia: a study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Introduction This study was conducted in Brazil and Colombia,where dengue is endemic and vector control programs use chemical insecticides. Methods We identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices about dengue and determined the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti in one Brazilian and four Colombian communities. Results The surveys show knowledge of the vector, but little knowledge about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Vector infestation indices show Brazil to have good relative control, while Colombia presents a high transmission risk. Conclusions Given the multidimensionality of dengue control, vertical control strategies are inadequate because they deny contextualized methods, alternative solutions, and local empowerment.

Factors related to transmission of and infection with Schistosoma mansoni in a village in the South-eastern Region of Brazil

In this transversal study, factors related to infection with and transmission of Schistosoma mansoni were explored. Based on stool examinations of two Kato-Katz smears of a single sample, the prevalences of schistosomiasis and geohelminths were established. In a multivariable analysis, sets of demographic, socio-economic and water contact pattern variables were tested for strength of relation with infection. Males presented a 3.39-times higher risk for infection than females. The age groups between 10-19 years and 20-30 years showed risks of infection 7.1- and 7.5-times higher, respectively, than the control age group between 0-10 years. Individuals practicing leisure activities had a 1.96-times higher risk than those without these activities. The malacological survey identified snails of the species Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria straminea and Biomphalaria tenagophila. Two exemplars of B. glabrata (0.53%) proved positive for S. mansoni. The socio-economic improvements observed in the locality suggest a protective and preventive effect towards infection with schistosomiasis, which requires further investigation with a longitudinal and more detailed study design. Considering our findings, a proposal for an integrated control program should be based on two pillars: one horizontal, which involves social empowerment and health education, and another more vertical, which delivers treatment and infrastructure improvements.

Avaliação de uma cartilha educativa de promoção ao cuidado da criança a partir da percepção da família sobre temas de saúde e cidadania

Este estudo avalia o instrumento de promoção ao cuidado infantil, a cartilha educativa Toda Hora é Hora de Cuidar, através da análise da percepção dos cuidadores sobre os temas por ela discutidos. Estudo descritivo, utilizando-se das abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa como complementaridade, realizado com 89 cuidadores familiares, usuários do Programa de Saúde da Família, na cidade de São Paulo. Observou-se uma predominância de mães, com ensino fundamental incompleto que relataram compreensão e interesse pelos conteúdos da cartilha. O conceito sobre o cuidado com a criança aparece enquanto ação afetiva e de labor. A Unidade Básica de Saúde se destaca como importante apoio social em detrimento de outras instituições. Conclui-se que existem evidências de efetividade da cartilha como instrumento promotor de habilidades e potenciais da comunidade, família e indivíduos, sendo importante o uso de instrumentos facilitadores do processo de aprendizado com enfoque na promoção da saúde e do empowerment das comunidades.

O Agente Comunitário de Saúde: possibilidades e limites para a promoção da saúde

A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as ações realizadas pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), analisando-as à luz do paradigma da Promoção da Saúde. Para isto optou-se por uma pesquisa exploratória do tipo quantitativa, com os ACS de São Bernardo do Campo (SP). Como resultado, evidenciou-se que as competências Integração da equipe com a população local, Prevenção e monitoramento de risco ambiental e sanitário, Prevenção e monitoramento a grupos específicos e morbidades são em sua maioria realizadas pelos ACS; enquanto que as competências de Planejamento e avaliação das ações de saúde e Promoção da saúde são realizadas de forma heterogênea no município. Conclui-se pela necessidade de se fortalecer a competência do ACS para a Promoção da Saúde, de forma que esta possa encaminhar para o empowerment da comunidade e para a intersetorialidade.

Empowering a group of seniors in a rural community

OBJECTIVE To describe the stages of the empowerment process of a group of seniors in a rural community. METHOD Convergent care research whose foundation is to use the scope of practice. Conducted with the proposal to change the practice of 21 seniors and nine health professionals, with the aim of health promotion empowerment. Data were collected during 22 meetings, and group interviews at the end of the intervention. RESULTS Showed that despite the initial impact of the change, the group was able to welcome the new change, taking advantage of the space to express anxieties, share joys, and build new knowledge, which led to the incorporation of changes that reflected in the development of healthy habits and improvements in interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSION The convergent care research consisted of strategy that changed the group's lives, empowering them with health promoting actions.

Como as necessidades de informação podem se relacionar com as competências informacionais

O presente artigo busca discutir uma conexão teórica entre os temas necessidades de informação e competência informacional. Dois construtos teóricos são apresentados de forma a expressar as semelhanças identificadas entre as dimensões das necessidades de informação e das competências, possibilitando o estabelecimento de uma ligação teórica em um terceiro construto. Repercussões dessa conexão teórica são aventadas, considerando-se que o reconhecimento de necessidades de informação pode corresponder, na prática, ao desenvolvimento de competências informacionais que possam atendê-las. Dessa forma, poder-se-ia proporcionar empowerment aos usuários de informação, no sentido de que fossem capazes de atender a suas próprias necessidades de informação desenvolvendo eles próprios as competências para tal.

Mudança em tempos de globalização: o capitalismo não é mais progressista?

Technical progress and economic development are promotions of capitalism, says a well known idea hereby contradicted. Recent changes under neoliberalism show that the more freedom of move to capital the less development of productive forces. There was no synchronicity and coherence fostering economic growth between changes at the micro level of techno-productive and managerial innovations and the ones at the macro level of institutional structures and economic policy. Empowerment of finance capital and monopolies got them opportunity to control the state and set its economic policy to support fictitious capital accumulation and to rule restructuring of corporate management. Surplus redistribution favoring finance capital is a burden to be carried on the back of society's productive structures, lowering investment, employment and growth. Focusing Latin America and Brazil, the same picture is seen, worsened by external fragility that deepens historical dependency.