Paracoccidioidomicose duodenal com sangramento digestivo

Apresenta-se um caso de hematêmese fatal por úlcera duodenal paracoccidioidomicótica. Tanto esta localização da paracoccidioidomicose, como sua manifestação clínica são incomuns, resultando provavelmente do grande comprometimento da cavidade abdominal.

Comparative analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis maps (2-DE) of Helicobacter pylori from Brazilian patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer: a preliminary report

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium recognized as the major cause of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. Recently, a proteome-based approach was developed to investigate pathogenic factors related to H. pylori. In this preliminary study, H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsies of patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers. A partial proteomic analysis of H. pylori strains was performed by bacterial lyses and proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). A comparative analysis was performed to verify a differential protein expression between these two 2-DE maps. These data should be useful to clarify the role of different proteins related to bacterial pathogenesis. This study will be completed using a larger number of samples and protein identification of H. pylori by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.

Helicobacter pylori genotyping from positive clotests in patients with duodenal ulcer

Even though the seroprevalence of H. pylori may be high in the normal population, a minority develops peptic ulcer. Colonization of the gastric mucosa by more pathogenic vacA strains of H. pylori seems to be associated with enhanced gastric inflammation and duodenal ulcer. H. pylori genotyping from positive CLOtests was developed to determine the vacA genotypes and cagA status in 40 duodenal ulcer patients and for routine use. The pathogenic s1b/ m1/ cagA genotype was the most frequently occurring strain (17/42.5%); only two (5%) patients presented the s2/ m2 genotype, the less virulent strain. Multiple strains were also detected in 17 (42.5%) patients. Multiple strains of H. pylori colonizing the human stomach have been underestimated, because genotyping has been performed from cultures of H. pylori. We concluded that genotyping of H. pylori from a positive CLOtest had the advantages of reducing the number of biopsies taken during endoscopy, eliminating the step of culturing H. pylori, and assuring the presence of H. pylori in the specimen being processed.

Bile duct-duodenal fistula caused by AIDS/HIV-associated tuberculosis

Allthough infrequent, digestive fistulae in HIV/AIDS patients have been reported throughout the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, with predominance of esophageal fistulae. AIDS/HIV-associated opportunistic infections may invade the digestive system and lead to fistula formation. Tuberculosis is the most common infection associated with these esophageal fistulae. We report here one case of bile duct-duodenal fistula in a female AIDS patient with associated abdominal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection compromising lymphnodes of the hepatic pedicle where the fistula was found. According to the reviewed literature, this is the third case of bile duct-duodenal fistula associated with abdominal tuberculosis in AIDS patient, and the first where both the fistula and the tuberculosis infection were diagnosed at laparotomy for acute abdomen. Whether the AIDS patient with abdominal pain needs or not a laparotomy to treat an infectious disease is often a difficult matter for the surgeon to decide, as most of the times appropriate medical treatment will bring more benefit.

Hematoma intramural duodenal como complicação de terapia anticoagulante com Warfarin: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Relatamos o caso de uma paciente em terapia anticoagulante oral com Warfarin, apresentando obstrução intestinal aguda. A tomografia computadorizada revelou hematoma intramural duodenal. O tratamento baseou-se na correção das provas de coagulação e medidas expectantes. Este caso ilustra o valor da tomografia computadorizada e da abordagem conservadora nos pacientes em terapia anticoagulante com obstrução aguda do intestino delgado.

Obstrução duodenal por hematoma parietal pós-trauma: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Os hematomas parietais de alças intestinais por trauma abdominal fechado, determinando rápida obstrução luminal, são lesões raras e podem ser confundidas com afecções neoplásicas estenosantes (parietais ou por mecanismo de compressão extrínseca). Neste estudo é relatado um caso de obstrução intestinal por hematoma parietal da terceira porção duodenal pós-trauma e são discutidos o diagnóstico por imagem e o tratamento para tal obstrução.

Migração de clipe metálico para úlcera duodenal após colecistectomia videolaparoscópica: Ligaclip migration into a duodenal ulcer following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

We report a rare cause of pyloric stenosis caused by migration of surgical clips into a duodenal ulcer following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Even after endoscopic removal of the clips the inflammatory reaction during the healing process caused a stenosis of the pylorus that eventually required a truncal vagotomy and gastroenterostomy.

Tumor estromal do trato gastrintestinal primário da papila duodenal

The majority gastrointestinal wall tumors previously considered leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas were reclassified into Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours because of typical imunohistochemic, genetic and biologic behaviors findings. We present a case report of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor primary of the duodenal papilla causing digestive haemorrage that was submitted to surgical treatment.

Tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida

OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida, realizadas no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do HC-UFPE (SCG/HC-UFPE). MÉTODO: No período de novembro de 1997 a fevereiro de 2001 foram operados 228 pacientes oriundos do Ambulatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica do SCG/ HC-UFPE e da clínica privada dos dois primeiros autores. A idade variou de 20 a 59 anos de idade (média de 34 anos). O índice de massa corporal médio (IMC) foi de 46 Kg/m², variando entre 35 e 98 Kg/m². O sexo feminino foi predominante, constituindo 58% dos casos. RESULTADOS: A gastroplastia com bypass jejunal em Y de Roux (operação de Fobi/Capella) foi realizada em 207 pacientes (47 com colecistectomia), gastroplastia vertical (Operação de Mason) em três casos, sete casos de operações descritas por Scopinaro, cinco casos de utilização de banda gástrica por via laparoscópica, cinco casos gastroplastias verticais em Y de Roux (operação de Fobi/Capella) videolaparoscópica e um caso de " Switch duodenal". As comorbidades mais freqüentemente encontradas foram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (68%), refluxo gastroesofágico (34%), varizes de membros inferiores (36%), artropatia degenerativa (31%), dislipidemia (21%), e diabetes (19%). A presença de colelitíase, com indicação de colecistectomia, ocorreu em 21% dos pacientes. A ferida operatória foi o principal sítio das complicações pós-operatórias: formação de seroma e infecção ocorrendo em 33% e 8,1% respectivamente. Complicações graves ocorreram em 18 pacientes (7,8%), com quatro óbitos (1,8%). O período médio de internamento foi de 4,3 dias. O acompanhamento ambulatorial demonstrou que a perda ponderal média em 12 meses atingiu 41% do peso pré-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida é uma alternativa eficaz e eficiente no controle do excesso de peso.

Megacólon chagásico associado a pneumatose cística difusa do delgado e úlcera péptica duodenal

Diffuse intestinal pneumatosis appears as gaseous cysts in the intestinal wall in the submucosal layer or, more frequently, sub-serous layer. It affects more the jejunum than the ileum, can be diffuse and may extend into the colon. It's diagnosis is established during a small bowel transit examination, necropsy examination or during surgical exploration of the peritoneal cavity.

Tratamento de doença bílio-pancreática em pacientes portadores de divertículo duodenal periampolar

OBJETIVO: Analisar o tratamento da doença bílio-pancreática na presença do divertículo periampolar. MÉTODO: De janeiro de 1999 a julho de 2003, 13 doentes com diagnóstico de divertículo periampolar e doença bílio-pancreática associada foram tratados pelo grupo de vias biliares e pâncreas do Departamento de Cirurgia da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Foram analisados retrospectivamente quanto à idade, sexo, quadro clínico e exames laboratoriais e radiológicos, com intuito diagnóstico. O tratamento endoscópico ou cirúrgico e seus resultados foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Quatro pacientes eram do sexo masculino (30,8%) e nove (69,2%) do sexo feminino, a maioria com idade superior a 70 anos. Os principais sintomas foram de icterícia (61,5%) e dor abdominal (53,8%). Dois doentes apresentaram-se com pancreatite aguda e um com hemorragia digestiva alta. Onze doentes tinham coledocolitíase e dois, diagnóstico de colangiocarcinoma. Dez doentes foram submetidos a colangio-pancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica com 30% de sucesso no tratamento da coledocolitíase. Os outros doentes foram operados: três coledocoduodenostomias, quatro coledocolitotomias com drenagem em T da via biliar. Três doentes foram submetidos à diverticulectomia (23,1%) e um deles (7,7%) à papiloesfincteroplastia. A mortalidade na amostra foi de 7,7%. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de sucesso do tratamento endoscópico da coledocolitíase foi baixa na presença de divertículo periampolar e a diverticulectomia com ou sem esfincteroplastia pode elevar a morbidade e a mortalidade nestes doentes.

Paraganglioma gangliocítico duodenal

We present a case of a 42-year-old man with abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice and a mass in the second portion of the duodenum, near the papillary region. The patient was operated and the histological study of the specimen returned duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma (a rare submucosal benign tumor of the duodenum). We also describe, after revision of the literature, the pathology, the diagnosis and its treatment.

Is there a role for pyloric exclusion after severe duodenal trauma?

Duodenal trauma is an infrequent injury, but linked to high morbidity and mortality. Surgical management of duodenal injuries is dictated by: patient's hemodynamic status, injury severity, time of diagnosis, and presence of concomitant injuries. Even though most cases can be treated with primary repair, some experts advocate adjuvant procedures. Pyloric exclusion (PE) has emerged as an ancillary method to protect suture repair in more complex injuries. However, the effectiveness of this procedure is debatable. The "Evidence Based Telemedicine - Trauma & Acute Care Surgery" (EBT-TACS) Journal Club performed a critical appraisal of the literature and selected three relevant publications on the indications for PE in duodenal trauma. The first study retrospectively compared 14 cases of duodenal injuries greater than grade II treated by PE, with 15 cases repaired primarily, all of which penetrating. Results showed that PE did not improve outcome. The second study, also retrospective, compared primary repair (34 cases) with PE (16 cases) in blunt and penetrating grade > II duodenal injuries. The authors concluded that PE was not necessary in all cases. The third was a literature review on the management of challenging duodenal traumas. The author of that study concluded that PE is indicated for anastomotic leak management after gastrojejunostomies. In conclusion, the choice of the surgical procedure to treat duodenal injuries should be individualized. Moreover, there is insufficient high quality scientific evidence to support the abandonment of PE in severe duodenal injuries with extensive tissue loss.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia and analysis of one-year reinfection rates

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is endemic worldwide. The proposed treatment is expensive and there are few reports regarding reinfection rates in Brazil. The aim of this study was to compare the eradication rates obtained with two therapeutic options and to evaluate reinfection one year after treatment. This was a prospective randomized trial with 55 patients. Thirty-nine patients had active duodenal ulcer (DU) and 16 non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), and all tested positive for HP. Diagnosis was based on at least two positive tests: ultrarapid urease test, histology and/or culture. Patients were randomized to two groups: group OMC treated with 40 mg omeprazole (once a day), 500 mg metronidazole and 250 mg clarithromycin (twice daily) for 7 days, or group NA treated with 300 mg nizatidine (once a day) and 1000 mg amoxicillin (twice daily) for 14 days. Those patients in whom HP was eradicated were followed up for one year to evaluate reinfection. Twenty-five patients were randomized for OMC and 30 for NA. HP eradication occurred in 20/25 patients (80%) treated with OMC and 13/30 (43%) treated with NA (P = 0.01). After reallocation because of initial treatment failure, the overall eradication rate was 44/51 patients (86%). After an average follow-up of one year, we evaluated 34 patients (23 with DU and 11 with NUD). Reinfection occurred in 3/34 patients (7.6%). We conclude that OMC is effective for HP eradication, and that NA should not be used. Reinfection occurs in 7.6% of the patients in the first year after eradication.