Las Memorias del duque de Sully (o los avatares del primer proyecto de unión europea)

El presente artículo se consagra al análisis de la redacción, edición y difusión de las Memorias del duque de Sully. Con ese propósito, la prim-era sección refiere el contexto que rodea la preparación de la obra; la segunda presenta las características generales de la confederación y la tercera profundiza en las discrepancias de sus versiones; en la cuarta, quinta y la sexta se estudian la cronología y las etapas de la redacción, los cambios operados en los manuscritos y sus vías de difusión; la séptima examina el debate sobre la primacía histórica de las Memorias. El artículo pretende reconstruir las condiciones que determinan la elaboración y recepción del primer proyecto paneuropeo.

Access to information: assessment of the use of automated interaction technologies in call centers

With the purpose of at lowering costs and reendering the demanded information available to users with no access to the internet, service companies have adopted automated interaction technologies in their call centers, which may or may not meet the expectations of users. Based on different areas of knowledge (man-machine interaction, consumer behavior and use of IT) 13 propositions are raised and a research is carried out in three parts: focus group, field study with users and interviews with experts. Eleven automated service characteristics which support the explanation for user satisfaction are listed, a preferences model is proposed and evidence in favor or against each of the 13 propositions is brought in. With balance scorecard concepts, a managerial assessment model is proposed for the use of automated call center technology. In future works, the propositions may become verifiable hypotheses through conclusive empirical research.

Advertisement call and female sexual cycle in Uruguayan populations of Physalaemus henselii (Anura, Leiuperidae)

Physalaemus henselii (Peters, 1872) is a little known leiuperid frog that has not been studied since the 1960’s. Herein, we redescribe its advertisement call, and assess the female sexual cycle and the reproductive period on the basis of the macroscopic analysis of the ovaries and field observations. The Ovarian Size Factor (OSF) was calculated. The study was made in Departamento de Rivera, northern Uruguay. The advertisement call consists of short (177 ± 21ms), multipulsed (20 ± 3 pulses/note) notes, with a note repetition rate of 1.57 ± 0.13 notes/s. Physalaemus henselii has a female sexual cycle with unimodal distribution of gravid females, which are present from February to September. The OSF and the ratio "females with mature oocytes / females without mature oocytes" reached the highest values from April to June. The number and size of oocytes were positively correlated with female size. The smallest female (SVL =18.94mm, weight =0.78g) with mature oocytes was found in July. The observed sexual cycle with a single annual reproductive period during the cold season (autumn and early winter), is an uncommon fact for anuran species in the region.

Reproductive behavior of Leptodactylus mystacinus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with notes on courtship call of other Leptodactylus species

Here we present data on the reproductive behavior of Leptodactylus mystacinus (Burmeister, 1861), including details on courtship behavior. We also describe and compared the courtship calls of L. mystacinus, L. furnarius Sazima & Bokermann, 1978 and Leptodactylus sp. (L. aff. andreae). Field works were conducted in Uberlândia (central Brazil). During courtship, a female approaches a calling male and is led to a previously excavated chamber; a female can approach a silent male that beat his hands and/or feet on the ground as well. The courtship call of L. mystacinus consists of one single arch-shaped note (duration = 0.04 s) repeated 258 times per minute; the courtship calls of L. furnarius (0.06 s, 84 times per minute) and Leptodactylus sp. (0.15 s, 5 times per minute) also are arch-shaped. The courtship behavior of L. mystacinus is similar to that of other species of the L. fuscus (Schneider, 1799) group; unique to it is that males can beat his hands and/or feet on the ground while courting. The male behavior of conducting the female to a previously excavates chamber and the arch-shaped courtship call may represent other shared derived features of members of the L. fuscus group, including the former Adenomera species.

Comprometimento organizacional de trabalhadores de call center

RESUMOO Neste artigo, analisa-se como se apresenta o comprometimento organizacional de trabalhadores de um call center, localizado em Belo (A Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Após o delineamento conceitual UJ do tema central, são expostos os resultados de um estudo de caso descritivo, realizado com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados de 399 questionários e 22 entrevistas são, respectivamente, tratados estatisticamente e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. A base de comprometimento que predominou entre esses infoproletários foi "obrigação pelo desempenho" e, em menor grau, "afetiva". Foi observado que quanto maior é o seu tempo de experiência nesse tipo de organização, menores são os níveis de comprometimento de modo geral, fatos esclarecidos, parcialmente, por meio das entrevistas.

Avaliação da interação micorrízica em cultivares de oliveira (Olea europea L.)

A maioria dos estudos com oliveira no Brasil e no mundo tem sido direcionada à produção e ao manejo. Apesar da importância para o crescimento vegetal e resistência a estresses diversos, não há estudos sobre a ocorrência de associação micorrízica em oliveira, no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a interação micorrízica em cultivares de oliveira na Fazenda Experimental de Maria da Fé - MG (FEMF - EPAMIG), a qual serve como ponto de partida na produção de inoculantes comerciais de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares para a cultura. Amostras de solo e de raízes de sete cultivares de oliveira foram coletadas para determinação do comprimento de micélio extrarradicular ativo e total e avaliação da percentagem e intensidade de colonização micorrízica, bem como da densidade e diversidade de esporos. Nas rizosferas das cultivares de oliveira, foram isoladas nove espécies de fungos micorrízicos: Acaulospora denticulata, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Acaulospora sp1, Acaulospora sp2, Entrophospora sp1, Gigaspora sp1, Glomus mosseae, Scutellospora pellucida e Scutellospora sp1. Os resultados comprovaram o micotrofismo da espécie. No entanto, não houve efeito das cultivares na distribuição dos propágulos de FMAs, os quais estiveram homogeneamente distribuídos nas diferentes rizosferas.

Modelos de demanda por manzanas frescas chilenas en países de la Unión Europea

Se usó la técnica de regresión de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios para estimar la demanda por importaciones de manzanas frescas exportadas por Chile en cinco países de la Unión Europea. Para las estimaciones se utilizaron observaciones anuales del periodo 1984 a 2003. Los resultados demuestran que (1) la demanda por importaciones de manzanas frescas chilenas depende de las tradicionales variables ingreso o gasto en consumo per cápita, (2) los precios relativos y la variación del tipo de cambio real juegan un papel destacado en la explicación de la demanda por importaciones, y (3) la demanda responde de manera diferente frente a los cambios en las variables explicativas en cada mercado.

Ultrasound call detection in capybara

The vocal repertoire of some animal species has been considered a non-invasive tool to predict distress reactivity. In rats ultrasound emissions were reported as distress indicator. Capybaras[ vocal repertoire was reported recently and seems to have ultrasound calls, but this has not yet been confirmed. Thus, in order to check if a poor state of welfare was linked to ultrasound calls in the capybara vocal repertoire, the aim of this study was to track the presence of ultrasound emissions in 11 animals under three conditions: 1) unrestrained; 2) intermediately restrained, and 3) highly restrained. The ultrasound track identified frequencies in the range of 31.8±3.5 kHz in adults and 33.2±8.5 kHz in juveniles. These ultrasound frequencies occurred only when animals were highly restrained, physically restrained or injured during handling. We concluded that these calls with ultrasound components are related to pain and restraint because they did not occur when animals were free of restraint. Thus we suggest that this vocalization may be used as an additional tool to assess capybaras[ welfare.