Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXXVIII. deficiências de macronutrientes em alface (Juactuoa sativa L.), cv. Brasil e Clause's Aurélia

Com os objetivos de: a) obter o quadro síntomatológico das deficiências de macronutrientes; b) relacionar o quadro sintomatológico a composição química das plantas, foi conduzido um ensaio em casa de vegetação, cultivando o cv. Brasil 48 e Clause's Aurélia em solução nutritiva, tendo como substrato silica finamente moida. Os tratamentos foram: completo, omissão de nitrogênio, omissão de fósforo, omissão de potássio, omissão de cálcio, omissão de magnésio e omissão de enxofre. Os autores observaram e identificaram as deficiências de nutrientes que se traduziram por sintomas típicos e facilmente identificáveis, com exceção do enxofre. As concentrações de macronutrientes nas folhas para plantas sem sintomas e com sintomas para o cultivar Brasil 48 foram: N% 3,37 a 1,86; P% 0,44 a 0,16; K% 5,54 a 1,32; Ca% 0,97 a 0,20; Mg% 0,35 a 0,05. As concentrações de S% foram iguais a 0,16. Para o cv. Clause's Aurélia, as concentrações nas folhas correspondentes a plantas sem e com deficiências foram: N% 3,02 a 2,68; P% 0,71 a 0,19; K% 7,7 a 1,54; Ca% 1 ,47 a 0,31; Mg% 0,43 a 0,10 e S% 0,25 a 0,24.

Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XLIX. concentração e acúmulo de macronutrientes em alface (Lactuca sativa L.) Cv. Brasil 48 e Clause's Aurélia

Com os objetivos de: - obter e analisar o crescimento dos cultivares; - determinar a concentração e extração de macronutrientes nas plantas em função da idade. Foi realizado um ensaio de campo no qual os dois cultivares foram plantados colhendo-se plantas aos 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 dias de idade após o transplante. Determinou-se a produção de matéria seca e as concentrações de macronutrientes. Observou-se que o crescimento e a extração de nutrientes foi lenta no ensaio sofrendo aceleração a partir dos 30 dias, mantendo-se intensos e não alcançando o ponto de máxima acumulação até a colheita. O crescimento expresso de produção de matéria seca, foi semelhante para os dois cultivares, 12,7 g/planta para o cultivar Brasil 48 e 12,5 g/planta para o cultuvar Clause's Aurélia. Porcentagens acima de 59 da matéria seca e entre 43% a 69% dos nutrientes foram acumuladas pelos dois cultivares durante os 20 dias que antecederam a colheita. Uma planta do cultivar Brasil 48 acumulou por ocasião da colheita 469 mg N, 100 mg P, 1017 mg K, 161 mg Ca, 47 mg Mg e 21 mg S. Quantidades semlehantes foram acumuladas por uma planta do cultivar Clause's Aurélia - 410 mg N, 100 mg P, 759 mg K, 200 mg Ca, 52 mg Mg e 21 mg S.

Nutrição mineral de hortaliças. XL. concentração e acúmulo de micronutrientes em alface (Lactuca sativa L.) Cv. Brasil 48 e Clause's Aurélia

Com os objetivos de: - Determinar a concentração e acumulação de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nos cultivares Brasil 48 e Clause's Aurélia em função da idade. Foi conduzido um ensaio de campo em Piracicaba, São Paulo sobre o solo Terra Roxa Estruturada, série "Luiz de Queiroz" que vem sendo cultivado com hortaliças há mais de 50 anos. Mudas com 20 dias foram transplantadas para um espaçamento de 0,30 x 0,25 m. A adubação constou em aplicação de 200 g por metro quadrado da fórmula 4-14-10. Aos 20 e 40 dias após o transplante foi aplicado 5 g de sulfato de amônio por planta. A cultura foi irrigada sempre que necessário. As amostragens foram feitas por ocasião do transplante e depois a intervalos de dez dias aproximadamente. As plantas foram cortadas rente ao solo, lavadas, secas e analisadas para B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn de acordo com as instruções contidas em SARRUGE & HAAG (1974). Houve diferenças na concentração de nutrientes, mostrando-se o cultivar Brasil 48 mais exigente. Os cultivares Brasil 48 e Clause's Aurélia acumularam ao final do ciclo respectivamente, 896 g e 958 µg de B, 196µg e 168 µg de Cu, 6800 µg de Fe, 3534 µg e 1025 µg de Mn, 4462 µg e 2425 µg de Zn.

Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Soil Combining Sewage Sludge and Straw

ABSTRACT The combined incorporation of sewage sludge (SS) and oat straw (OS) to the soil can increase straw carbon mineralization and microbial nitrogen immobilization. This hypothesis was tested in two laboratory experiments, in which SS was incorporated in the soil with and without OS. One treatment in which only straw was incorporated and a control with only soil were also evaluated. The release of CO2 and mineral N in the soil after organic material incorporation was evaluated for 110 days. The cumulative C mineralization reached 30.1 % for SS and 54.7 % for OS. When these organic materials were incorporated together in the soil, straw C mineralization was not altered. About 60 % of organic N in the SS was mineralized after 110 days. This N mineralization index was twice as high as that defined by Resolution 375/2006 of the National Environmental Council. The combined incorporation of SS and OS in the soil caused an immobilization of microbial N of 5.9 kg Mg-1 of OS (mean 3.5 kg Mg-1). The results of this study indicated that SS did not increase straw C mineralization, but the SS rate should be adjusted to compensate for the microbial N immobilization caused by straw.

Combining ability of twelve maize populations

Genetic progress depends on germplasm quality and breeding methods. Twelve maize populations and their crosses were evaluated to estimate combining ability and potential to be included as source populations in breeding programs. Plant height, point of insertion of the first ear, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, root and stalk lodging and grain yield were studied in two locations in Brazil, during the 1997/98 season. Genotype sum of squares was divided into general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability. Results indicated the existence of genetic divergence for all traits analyzed, where additive effects were predominant. The high heterosis levels observed, mainly in Xanxerê, suggested the environmental influence on the manifestation of this genetic phenomenon. Populations revealed potential to be used in breeding programs; however, those more intensively submitted to selection could provide larger genetic progress, showing the importance of population improvement for the increment of the heterosis in maize.

Combining ability and heterosis in common bean cultivars

The objective of this work was to determine the combining ability and heterosis, for productivity and yield components, in diallel hybrids derived from crossings between BRSMG-Talismã, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano, BRS Campeiro, IAC Tybatã, and IPR Juriti parent cultivars. Fifteen hybrids were generated from diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals. The general and specific combining abilities were significant for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, 50-seed weight, and grain yield, indicating the occurrence of both additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The best strategy to be adopted is the use of BRS Campeiro, FT Soberano and BRSMG-Talismã cultivars in common bean breeding programs involving selection. The most promising combinations were 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'IAC Tybatã', 'IPR Uirapuru' x 'FT Soberano', 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IPR Juriti', and 'BRS Campeiro' x 'IAC Tybatã'. The parents of these hybrids presented high estimates of specific combining abilities. Hybridization of cultivars belonging to distinguished commercial groups propitiates higher heterosis values in the segregant population.

Combining ability of maize grain yield under different levels of environmental stress

The objectives of this work were to caracterize the tropical maize germplasm and to compare the combining abilities of maize grain yield under different levels of environmental stress. A diallel was performed among tropical maize cultivars with wide adaptability, whose hybrid combinations were evaluated in two sowing dates, in two years. The significance of the environmental effect emphasized the environmental contrasts. Based on grain yield, the environments were classified as favorable (8,331 kg ha-1), low stress (6,637 kg ha-1), high stress (5,495 kg ha-1), and intense stress (2,443 kg ha-1). None of the genetic effects were significant in favorable and intense stress environments, indicating that there was low germplasm variability under these conditions. In low and high stresses, the specific combining ability effects (SCA) were significant, showing that the nonadditive genetic effects were the most important, and that it is possible to select parent pairs with breeding potential. SCA and grain yield showed significant correlations only between the closer environment pairs like favorable/low stress and high/intense stress. The genetic control of grain yield differed under contrasting stress environments for which maize cultivars with wide adaptability are not adequate.

Regionalização para o cultivo do feijão no Rio Grande do Sul com base na interação genótipo x ambiente

A regionalização de uma cultura agrícola é estratégia utilizada para minimizar efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente. Esta abordagem baseia-se em resultados de experimentos conduzidos em diversos locais e anos, cuja análise estatística apresenta dificuldades originadas de estrutura de dados incompleta e heterogeneidade da variância do erro experimental. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a magnitude e a natureza da interação genótipo x ambiente e a possibilidade de estratificação das regiões de cultivo do feijão do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram considerados dados do Ensaio Estadual de Feijão, conduzido em 24 locais durante oito anos. Foram procedidas análises conjuntas, para cada ano, de dois subconjuntos de quatro anos e do conjunto dos oito anos, e análises de agrupamento, utilizando metodologia que contorna aquelas dificuldades da análise estatística. Os resultados das análises conjuntas anuais revelaram alta significância da interação genótipo x local. Essa interação também foi significativa no conjunto dos oito anos, mas não significativa nos dois subconjuntos de quatro anos. A interação genótipo x local x ano foi altamente significativa nesses três subconjuntos de anos. A análise de agrupamento, baseada nos oito anos, constituiu subregiões incoerentes com as subregiões formadas pelas análises anuais, que também foram inconsistentes entre si. Esses resultados indicaram inadequabilidade da regionalização do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN IT IN ORGANIZATIONS: A STRUCTURATIONAL VIEW

ABSTRACTEnvironmental sustainability has become increasingly important to businesses as a response to the rapid depletion of natural resources. Information Technology (IT) in particular represents a meaningful part of the environmental issues that society has been facing. Therefore, Green IT emerges as a way of combining available resources and sustainable and economic policies, thus, generating benefits for both the environment and businesses. The purpose of this paper, hence, is to explain the dynamics of Green IT implementation in organizations in light of the structurationist view of technology. We conducted a case study research based on the cases of three Brazilian companies interested in this movement. Results provide a better understanding of the relationship among technology, individuals, and organization institutional properties, thus enhancing the role played by IT teams in institutionalizing the environmental dimension of sustainability in organizations.

Reliability of self-reported weight and height among State bank employees

INTRODUCTION: Self-reported weight and height were compared with direct measurements in order to evaluate the agreement between the two sources. METHOD: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study on health status from a probabilistic sample of 1,183 employees of a bank, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Direct measurements were made of 322 employees. Differences between the two sources were evaluated using mean differences, limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Men and women tended to underestimate their weight while differences between self-reported and measured height were insignificant. Body mass index (BMI) mean differences were smaller than those observed for weight. ICC was over 0.98 for weight and 0.95 for BMI, expressing close agreement. Combining a graphical method with ICC may be useful in pilot studies to detect populational groups capable of providing reliable information on weight and height, thus minimizing resources needed for field work.

Difficulties in access and estimates of public beds in intensive care units in the state of Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the required number of public beds for adults in intensive care units in the state of Rio de Janeiro to meet the existing demand and compare results with recommendations by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. METHODS The study uses a hybrid model combining time series and queuing theory to predict the demand and estimate the number of required beds. Four patient flow scenarios were considered according to bed requests, percentage of abandonments and average length of stay in intensive care unit beds. The results were plotted against Ministry of Health parameters. Data were obtained from the State Regulation Center from 2010 to 2011. RESULTS There were 33,101 medical requests for 268 regulated intensive care unit beds in Rio de Janeiro. With an average length of stay in regulated ICUs of 11.3 days, there would be a need for 595 active beds to ensure system stability and 628 beds to ensure a maximum waiting time of six hours. Deducting current abandonment rates due to clinical improvement (25.8%), these figures fall to 441 and 417. With an average length of stay of 6.5 days, the number of required beds would be 342 and 366, respectively; deducting abandonment rates, 254 and 275. The Brazilian Ministry of Health establishes a parameter of 118 to 353 beds. Although the number of regulated beds is within the recommended range, an increase in beds of 122.0% is required to guarantee system stability and of 134.0% for a maximum waiting time of six hours. CONCLUSIONS Adequate bed estimation must consider reasons for limited timely access and patient flow management in a scenario that associates prioritization of requests with the lowest average length of stay.

Drug susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in the western Amazon region, state of Acre, Brazil

Field studies in the western Amazon region (state of Acre, Brazil) indicate that the 4-aminoquinolines, as well as the combined regimen with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, can no longer be recomended for the treatment and prophylaxis of P. falciparum infections in this region. Quinine remains an effective drug when used correctly. However, compliance problems arise due to the often occurring side-effects during a ten day regimen. Prospects of overcoming these constraints by combining a short course of quinine with other drugs are limited, because of the lack of suitable partner compounds. For this reason quinine/clindamycin appears to be a more practical therapy of P. falciparum malaria. In vitro data from this study suggest that mefloquine is another effective alternative for the treatment of falciparum malaria in this Amazon region.

Paracoccidioidomycosis in the state of Maranhão, Brazil: geographical and clinical aspects

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to show the situation of paracoccidioidomycosis in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: This study is a descriptive case series developed in two stages. First, a survey of cases originating from the state of Maranhão at the Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, Piauí (IDTNP) from 1997 to 2007, and second, the clinical description of 29 cases diagnosed in the Centro de Referências em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Maranhão (CREDIP) from 2004 to 2010. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixteen cases have been cataloged at the IDTNP. West, east, and central regions of the state of Maranhão recorded 90.3% of cases proving to be important areas for study. The western region, with a prevalence of 10.8/100,000 inhabitants, has a significantly higher proportion of cases than the northern, southern, and eastern regions (p < 0.05). The occurrence was higher in men with 89.3% of cases, and the male-to-female ratio was 8.4:1. The majority of patients were older than 20 years, lived in rural areas, and had farming or soil management as main occupation (73.8%). At CREDIP, 29 cases were diagnosed, of which 26 (89.6%) had multifocal manifestations. Mucous tissues were involved more (75.8%) frequently, followed by lymph nodes, skin, and lungs with 65.5%, 39% and 37.9 %, respectively. The diagnosis was made by combining direct examination, culture, and histopathology. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the geographical distribution and the epidemiological and clinical aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis, revealing the significance of the disease to the state of Maranhão.

Frequency of amoebiasis and other intestinal parasitoses in a settlement in Ilhéus City, State of Bahia, Brazil

Introduction: This study evaluated the frequency of intestinal parasites, emphasizing the identification and differentiation of Entamoeba spp. Methods: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), coproantigen tests and morphometric analysis were performed for Entamoeba spp. differentiation. Results: The overall frequency of intestinal parasites was 65%. Entamoeba histolytica was detected by the coproantigen test, and the PCR showed that Entamoeba dispar predominated in the population. In contrast, morphometric analysis was important for identifying Entamoeba hartmanni. Conclusions: It is possible to identify the causative agent of amoebiasis and to differentiate this agent from other species by combining techniques.

Growth and puberty after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Over the last 20 years, after combining treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there has been an improvement in the survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, with a current cure rate of around 70%. Children with the disease have been enrolled into international treatment protocols designed to improve survival and minimize the serious irreversible late effects. Our oncology unit uses the international protocol: GBTLI LLA-85 and 90, with the drugs methotrexate, cytosine, arabinoside, dexamethasone, and radiotherapy. However, these treatments can cause gonadal damage and growth impairment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The authors analyzed 20 children off therapy in order to determine the role of the various doses of radiotherapy regarding endocrinological alterations. They were divided into 3 groups according to central nervous system prophylaxis: Group A underwent chemotherapy, group B underwent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (18 Gy), and group C underwent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (24 Gy). Serum concentrations of LH, FSH, GH, and testosterone were determined. Imaging studies included bone age, pelvic ultrasound and scrotum, and skull magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Nine of the patients who received radiotherapy had decreased pituitary volume. There was a significant difference in the response to GH and loss of predicted final stature (Bayley-Pinneau) between the 2 irradiated groups and the group that was not irradiated, but there was no difference regarding the radiation doses used (18 or 24 Gy). The final predicted height (Bayley-Pinneau) was significantly less (P = 0.0071) in both groups treated with radiotherapy. Two girls had precocious puberty, and 1 boy with delayed puberty presented calcification of the epididymis. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy was been responsible for late side effects, especially related to growth and puberty.