Aspectos da integração regional em defesa no Cone Sul

Trata-se de avaliar como a aproximação entre os países promovendo a integração regional incide sobre qualidade da democracia e como esta se apresenta no setor de defesa e segurança. A perspectiva adotada é que o grau de estabilidade nas relações civil-militares incide diretamente sobre a formulação e desenvolvimento da cooperação em segurança regional e na estabilidade da democracia latino-americana.

Morbidade hospitalar em município da região Sul do Brasil em 1992

Com o objetivo de caracterizar a morbidade hospitalar, foi analisada uma amostra constituída por 2.518 internacões de 8 hospitais gerais do Município de Maringá-PR, Brasil, em 1992, segundo as variáveis: diagnóstico, sexo, idade, procedência, fonte de financiamento, tempo de permanência e tipo de saída. Os diagnósticos mais importantes foram: as complicacões da gravidez, parto e puerpério, doenças do aparelho respiratório e doenças do aparelho circulatório. Das internacões, 42,8% foram para pacientes do sexo masculino e, quando ajustadas por ano de idade, se concentraram em crianças de até 4 anos. A maior parte das internações foi financiada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (73,8%) e pelos pacientes procedentes do Município de Maringá (66,4%). A duração média da internação foi de 3,6 dias e o coeficiente de mortalidade hospitalar de 2,7 óbitos em cada 100 internações.

Confiabilidade de diagnósticos nos formulários de autorização de internação hospitalar

OBJETIVO: Analisar a confiabilidade dos diagnósticos registrados nos formulários de autorização de internação hospitalar(AIH). MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 1.595 internações referentes a uma amostra representativa das internações ocorridas nos 8 hospitais gerais do Município de Maringá, PR. Os diagnósticos registrados nos prontuários médicos foram comparados aos registrados nas AIH correspondentes. Foi utilizada a estatística Kappa, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidas concordâncias que variaram de k=0,79 (doenças do aparelho geniturinário) a k=0,98 (complicações da gravidez, parto e puerpério) e k=0,79 (fraturas) a k=0,97 (causas obstétricas diretas) para os 5 grupos e agrupamentos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças - 9 (CID9) mais freqüentes, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Alguns fatores como a falta de treinamento para a codificação dos diagnósticos e o sistema de pagamento das internações hospitalares, são apresentados como possíveis razões de discordância. Evidenciou-se a possibilidade de utilização do banco de dados SIH-SUS (Sistema de Internação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde) para o Município de Maringá, em 1992, com certo grau de confiabilidade segundo grupos de diagnósticos, lembrando que segundo os agrupamentos poderá haver maior variabilidade.

Qualidade da informação sobre causas externas no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares

OBJETIVO: Analisar a cobertura e a qualidade das informações sobre internações por causas externas no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS: As internações ocorridas no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares de 11 hospitais, em 2004, em dois municípios (Londrina e Maringá, PR), foram comparadas com aquelas identificadas como conseqüências de causas externas por pesquisa em laudos médicos, complementadas por dados de mortalidade e de serviço pré-hospitalar. Foram calculados indicadores de concordância bruta, sensibilidade e valor preditivo positivo. Comparou-se o perfil de agrupamentos de causas das internações registradas no Sistema com o obtido na pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Foram registradas no Sistema 3.002 internações por causas externas em Londrina e 1.403 em Maringá, enquanto a pesquisa detectou 4.018 e 2.370, respectivamente. O Sistema apresentou alto valor preditivo positivo para internações por causas externas em ambos os municípios (97,7% em Londrina e 98,6% em Maringá). Porém, a sensibilidade foi baixa: 57,3% em Maringá e 73% em Londrina, denotando sub-registro dessas causas. A comparação dos perfis de tipos de causas externas revelou que há subestimação de algumas causas no Sistema, especialmente por acidentes por exposição a forças mecânicas inanimadas, agressões e lesões autoprovocadas. CONCLUSÕES: Há sub-registro de internações por causas externas e algumas distorções em relação aos tipos de causas no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares nos dois municípios estudados. A detecção dessas deficiências pode contribuir para o processo de qualificação da informação desse Sistema.

Association between social capital and self-perception of health in Brazilian adults

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between social capital and social capital and self-perception of health based on examining the influence of health-related behaviors as possible mediators of this relationship.METHODS A cross-sectional study was used with 1,081 subjects, which is representative of the population of individuals aged 40 years or more in a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil. The subjects who perceived their health as fine, bad or very bad were considered to have a negative self-perception of their health. The social capital indicators were: number of friends, people from whom they could borrow money from when needed; the extent of trust in community members; whether or not members of the community helped each other; community safety; and extent of participation in community activities. The behaviors were: physical activity during leisure time, fruits and vegetable consumption, tobacco use and alcohol abuse. The odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) 95% were calculated by binary logistic regression. The significance of mediation was verified using the Sobel test.RESULTS Following adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, subjects with fewer friends (OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.08;1.80), those who perceived less frequently help from people in the neighborhood (OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.01;1.68), who saw the violent neighborhood (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.01;1.74) and who had not participated in any community activity (OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.07;1.80) had more negative self-perception of their health. Physical activity during leisure time was a significant mediator in the relationship between all social capital indicators (except for the borrowed money variable) and self-perceived health. Fruit and vegetable consumption was a significant mediator of the relationship between the extent of participation in community activities and self-perceived health. Tobacco use and alcohol abuse did not seem to have a mediating role in any relationship.CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle seems to only partially explain the relationship between social capital and self-perceived health. Among the investigated behaviors, physical activity during leisure time is what seems to have the most important role as a mediator of this relationship.

Use of saprophytic leptospira strains in the serodiagnosis of experimental leptospirosis in guinea-pigs (Cavia sp)

The efficiency of four Leptospira biflexa strains (Buenos Aires, Patoc 1, Rufino and São Paulo) as single antigen in the serodiagnosis in guinea-pigs experimentally infected with seven Leptospira interrogans serovars (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, tarassovi and wolffi) was evaluated by the microscopic agglutination test. The four saprophytic strains were not able to reveal antibody titres in sera of guinea-pigs experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans. Serological cross-reactions were observed between strains Patoc 1 and São Paulo and between serovars wolffi and hardjo.

NEW PRIMERS FOR DETECTION OF Leishmania infantum USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

SUMMARY Leishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World. The diagnosis of VL is confirmed by parasitological and serological tests, which are not always sensitive or specific. Our aim was to design new primers to perform a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detecting L. infantum. Sequences of the minicircle kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) were obtained from GenBank, and the FLC2/RLC2 primers were designed. Samples of DNA from L. infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania guyanensis, Leishmania naiffi, Leishmania lainsoni, Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi were used to standardize the PCR. PCR with FLC2/RLC2 primers amplified a fragment of 230 bp and the detection limit was 0.2 fg of L. infantum DNA. Of the parasite species assayed, only L. infantum DNA was amplified. After sequencing, the fragment was aligned to GenBank sequences, and showed (99%) homology with L. infantum. In the analysis of blood samples and lesion biopsy from a dog clinically suspected to have VL, the PCR detected DNA from L. infantum. In biopsy lesions from humans and dogs with cutaneous leishmaniasis, the PCR was negative. The PCR with FLC2/RLC2 primers showed high sensitivity and specificity, and constitutes a promising technique for the diagnosis of VL.

Parto prematuro após uso de antimonial pentavalente: relato de um caso

Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 19 anos, na 24ª semana de gravidez e com leishmaniose visceral. Tratada com antimonial pentavalente na posologia de 850mg/dia por 20 dias, ocorreu parto prematuro no quinto dia de tratamento e óbito da criança um dia após nascimento. Considerando a importância da protozoose no nosso meio e a raridade da associação com a gestação, julgamos de interesse a publicação do caso.

Vitamin C effects in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C in reducing the consequences generated by the production of free radicals in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease, two different doses of ascorbic acid were administered orally to 60 mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain. METHODS: The animals were divided into six groups: G1, G2, and G3 for the acute phase study, and G'1, G'2, and G'3 for the chronic stage. The groups G1 and G'1 received 8.6x10-4mg/g of vitamin C daily, whereas G2 and G'2 received 7.14x10-3mg/g daily. The other groups, G3 and G'3, were considered placebos and received 10µL of mineral water. RESULTS: The study of the acute phase showed statistically significant differences between G1 and the other groups at various count days of the parasitemia evolution. The multiplying parasite was slower in G1 until the 11th day, but on the 22nd day it had greater parasitemia than in G2 and G3, and from the 36th day on, parasitemia stabilized at higher levels. However, when the histopathology of acute and chronic phases is considered, one does not note significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of two different doses of vitamin C was not able to protect mice and to contain the oxidative stress caused by free radicals formed by the metabolism of oxygen (reactive oxygen species) and nitrogen (reactive nitrogen species).

Prevalence and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in tuberculosis case contacts

INTRODUCTION : The tuberculin test is a diagnostic method for detecting latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially among disease contact cases. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among TB contact cases. METHODS : A retrospective cohort study was performed in a reference center for TB. The study population consisted of 2,425 patients who underwent a tuberculin test from 2003 to 2010 and whose results indicated contact with individuals with TB. The data were collected from the registry book of the tuberculin tests, patient files and the Information System Records of Notification Grievance. To verify the evolution of TB, case records through September 2014 were consulted. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In all hypothesis tests, a significance level of 0.05 was used. RESULTS : From the studied sample, 435 (17.9%) contacts did not return for reading. Among the 1,990 contacts that completed the test, the prevalence of latent TB infection was 35.4%. Of these positive cases, 50.6% were referred to treatment; the dropout rate was 42.5%. Among all of the contacts, the TB prevalence was 1.8%, from which 13.2% abandoned treatment. CONCLUSIONS : The collected data indicate the need for more effective public policies to improve TB control, including administering tests that do not require a return visit for reading, enhancing contact tracing and encouraging actions that reinforce full treatment adherence.

First report of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the State of Acre, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: This paper reports, for the first time, the presence of Rhodnius montenegrensis in the State of Acre, Brazil.METHODS: Two female R. montenegrensis were collected in a dwelling in the rural area of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.RESULTS: The occurrence of this species was confirmed, and the number of Triatominae species in the State of Acre increased from four to five.CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should be performed to reach a clearer understanding of the ecology of this arthropod, its possible role in transmitting Chagas' disease and rangeliosis, and its current geographical distribution in the region.

The use of a modular titanium endoprosthesis in skeletal reconstructions after bone tumor resections: method presentation and analysis of 37 cases

We analyzed 37 patients who underwent segmental wide resection of bone tumors and reconstruction with a modular titanium endoprosthesis at the Orthopaedic Oncology Group, between 1992 and 1998. Twelve patients were male and 25 were female, with a mean age of 30 years (9 - 81). The mean follow-up was 14 months (2 - 48). The diagnoses were: osteosarcoma (14 cases), metastatic carcinoma (10), Ewing's sarcoma (4), giant cell tumor (4), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (3), chondrosarcoma (1), and aneurysmal bone cyst (1). Eleven articulated total knee, 8 partial proximal femur with bipolar acetabulum, 8 partial proximal humerus, 3 total femur, 2 partial proximal tibia, 2 diaphyseal femur, 2 diaphyseal humerus, and 1 total proximal femur with cementless acetabulum endoprosthesis implant procedures were done. The complications related to the procedure included: infection (5 cases), dislocation (3), module loosening (1), and ulnar nerve paresthesia (1). We used the following criteria for the clinical evaluation: presence of pain, range of motion, reconstruction stability, surgical and oncologic complications, and patient acceptance. The results were good in 56.8% of the cases, regular in 32.4% and poor in 10.8%.

Parosteal osteosarcoma with myocardial metastasis 13 years after follow-up

PURPOSE: To report the case of a woman with a diagnosis of grade II (low grade) parosteal osteosarcoma with the occurrence of myocardial metastasis 13 years after resection, and to present a review of the existing literature on the subject. METHODS: Description of the case and review of the literature. CONCLUSION: The review leads to the conclusion that the occurrence of metastasis from parosteal osteosarcoma can occur in up to 38% of the cases, in spite of its relatively low aggressiveness. However, myocardial metastasis of a parosteal osteosarcoma is an event that was not found in the literature.

MORFOLOGIA DOS FRUTOS, SEMENTES E PLÂNTULAS DE Platonia insigms MART. (CLUSIACEAE). I. ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DOS FRUTOS E SEMENTES EM DESENVOLVIMENTO

São descritos aspectos morfológicos e estruturais dos frutos e sementes, em desenvolvimento, de Platonia insignis(Clusiaceae), visando principalmente esclarecer a origem da camada comestível presente no fruto. Concluiu-se que a camada carnosa branco-amarelada, que envolve as sementes, é de origem endocárpica e começa a se diferenciar já nos estádios iniciais do desenvolvimento do fruto, através de um acentuado alongamento radial das camadas mais internas do endocarpo. Estas, juntamente com as células dos septos, que também se alongam à medida que o fruto se desenvolve, vão se aderindo à testa por meio de interdigitações. Posteriormente, no fruto maduro, o endocarpo destaca-se do restante do pericarpo, permanecendo firmemente ligado à semente.