Larvicidal effect of dried leaf extracts from Pinus caribaea against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae)

In this study, the larvicidal activity of dried leaf extracts from Pinus caribaea Morelet against Aedes aegypti was evaluated for the first time. Pinus caribaea extracts were obtained by macerating dried leaves in alkaline hydroethanol, ethanol and acetone solutions followed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The lignin content was quantified using the thioglycolic acid complexation method. Lethality bioassays (LC50 and LC90) were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The results showed that the acetone extract from Pinus caribaea was more active, and that larvicidal activity was associated with lignin concentration.

Provenance and family variation of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis from Guatemala and Honduras, grown in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela

Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénécl) Barr. & Golf. is a tropical pine that naturally occurs in lowland areas of Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and eastern Mexico. It has been one of the most studied tropical pines and the one with the most commercial importance in Brazil. The objective of this work was to select the best provenances for plantations and best trees in families for the establishment of seed orchards. For that a trial with five provenances and 47 open-pollinated families was planted near Planaltina, Federal District, in the Cerrado Region of Brazil. The provenances tested were Poptun (Guatemala), Gualjoco, Los Limones, El Porvenir and Santa Cruz de Yojoa (Honduras) and assessed at 12 years of age. Poptun and Gualjoco had larger volume, and Los Limones and El Porvenir the lowest incidence of forks and foxtails. Individual tree heritabilities for volume, stem form and branch diameter were 0.34, 0.06, and 0.26 respectively. More than 90% of the trees had defects, common in unimproved P. caribaea. Selection criteria for quality traits need to be relaxed in the first generation of breeding to allow for larger genetic gains in productivity. Results from this test compared with P. caribaea var. hondurensis trials in other Brazilian, Colombian and Venezuelan sites suggest that provenance x site and family x site interactions are not as strong as in other pine species.

Micronutrientes no sistema solo-Pinus caribaea Morelet em plantios apresentando amarelecimento das acículas e morte de plantas

Com o objetivo de contribuir no diagnóstico de causas que têm levado à morte precoce de pinheiros, verificada após amarelecimento e necrose progressiva das acículas, foi desenvolvido este estudo em áreas de cerrado, no oeste de Minas Gerais. Foram comparadas árvores de Pinus caribaea Morelet das variedades caribaea e hondurensis, plantadas entre 1977-82. Em cada local de amostragem coletou-se material de 20 árvores, sendo 10 com acículas amarelecidas e 10 normais. Foram coletados acículas e tecidos do xilema e floema de raízes, nos quais foram analisados os teores de Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu e B. A classe de solo dos sítios de estudo é Latossolo Amarelo ácrico típico. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250 e 250-300 cm, nas quais foram analisados os teores trocáveis de Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu e B. Os teores de Fe, Zn, Cu e B não diferiram significativamente entre acículas verdes e amarelecidas, enquanto os teores de Mn foram significativamente inferiores nestas. Observou-se também que os teores de Mn foram maiores no xilema e menores nas acículas das plantas anormais, ocorrendo o inverso nas plantas normais. Os sintomas visuais, confirmados pelos resultados analíticos, revelam haver deficiência de manganês no sistema solo-planta estudado.

Bleached kraft pulp production from Pinus tecunumanii (Eguiluz e Perry)

The use of 12-year-old Pinus tecunumanii (Eguiluz e Perry) grown in Colombia was evaluated for bleached kraft pulp production. Kraft pulps of kappa number 30 ± 1 were produced, and oxygen delignified and bleached to 90% ISO with ECF processes. The bleached pulps produced under optimum conditions were evaluated with regard to their strength properties. Pinus tecunumanii wood required low effective alkali charge to reach the desired kappa number and the unbleached pulp showed high oxygen delignification efficiency and bleachability when a OD(EO)DED sequence was used. The bleached pulps presented good physical-mechanical properties, which are comparable to those obtained with more traditional pines such as Pinus taeda and Pinus radiata. The results demonstrate that this tropical pine species is a suitable raw material for bleached kraft pulp production

Macronutrientes no sistema solo-Pinus caribaea Morelet em palntios apresentando amarelecimento das acículas e morte de plantas

Este estudo foi desenvolvido em áreas de Cerrado, no oeste de Minas Gerais, visando contribuir para o diagnóstico de causas que têm levado à morte precoce de pinheiros, verificada após amarelecimento e necrose progressiva das acículas. Foram comparadas árvores de Pinus caribaea Morelet das variedades caribaea e hondurensis, plantadas entre 1977-82. Em cada local de amostragem, coletou-se material de 20 árvores, sendo 10 com amarelecimento das acículas e 10 normais. Foram coletadas acículas e tecidos do xilema e floema de raízes nos quais foram analisados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A classe de solo dos sítios de estudo é Latossolo Amarelo ácrico típico. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250 e 250-300 cm, nas quais se analisaram os teores trocáveis de Ca, Mg, P e K, bem como o pH em água e em KCl, a acidez extraível (H+Al) e o teor de matéria orgânica. Os teores de N, P, K e S não diferiram significativamente entre acículas verdes e amarelecidas, enquanto os teores de Ca e Mg foram significativamente inferiores nelas. Os sintomas visuais, confirmados pelos resultados analíticos, revelaram um quadro complexo de deficiências no sistema solo-planta estudado, envolvendo principalmente os macronutrientes Ca e Mg.

O Brasil e a medicina tropical

São feitas considerações sobre o papel das endemias tropicais no desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira. Aborda-se a atualidade das pesquisas que tratam da temática das doenças infecciosas. Comparando o significado para o primeiro mundo, conclui-se pela necessidade de estimular as pequisas nessa área e de prestigiar os periódicos nacionais destinados a divulgá-las.

Evaluation of the double diffusion, enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting techniques, for the diagnosis of human hydatid disease in tropical areas

Hydatid disease in tropical areas poses a serious diagnostic problem due to the high frequence of cross-reactivity with other endemic helminthic infections. The enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the double diffusion arc 5 showed respectively a sensitivity of 73% and 57% and a specificity of 84-95% and 100%. However, the specificity of ELISA was greatly increased by using ovine serum and phosphorylcholine in the diluent buffer. The hydatic antigen obtained from ovine cyst fluid showed three main protein bands of 64,58 and 30 KDa using SDS PAGE and immunoblotting. Sera from patients with onchocerciasis, cysticercosis, toxocariasis and Strongyloides infection cross-reacted with the 64 and 58 KDa bands by immunoblotting. However, none of the analyzed sera recognized the 30 KDa band, that seems to be specific in this assay. The immunoblotting showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% when used to recognize the 30 KDa band.