Gera����o e controle das cores luz prim��rias em vidros para dispositivos "full color"

We are working in a new multi-doped glassy material to generate simultaneously the three primary light color (by addition) of the visible spectrum, with the control of the intensity of each one, allowing the simulation of any color: a full-color generator device. Tm+3, Tb+3 and Eu+3 ions were used (0.01 to 5,0 mol%) as blue, green and red narrow line emitters. A wide color gamut was obtained under ultraviolet excitation by varying the material composition. The chromaticity diagram is covered, including the white simulation.

��reas de vulnerabilidade para co-infec����o HIV-aids/TB em Ribeir��o Preto, SP

OBJETIVO: Identificar ��reas de vulnerabilidade para os casos novos de co-infec����o HIV/tuberculose (TB). M��TODOS: Estudo descritivo ecol��gico realizado por meio do georreferenciamento dos casos novos de HIV/TB notificados em Ribeir��o Preto, SP, em 2006. Os dados foram obtidos do sistema de informa����o estadual paulista de notifica����o de TB. Os casos novos de co-infec����o HIV/TB foram analisados conforme caracter��sticas sociodemogr��ficas e cl��nicas e, posteriormente, georreferenciados na base cartogr��fica do munic��pio segundo endere��o residencial. Os setores do munic��pio foram categorizados em tr��s n��veis socioecon��micos: inferior, intermedi��rio e superior, com base na an��lise de componentes principais das vari��veis do censo demogr��fico de 2000 (renda, instru����o e percentagem de domic��lios com cinco ou mais moradores). Foi calculada a incid��ncia da co-infec����o HIV/TB para cada n��vel socioecon��mico. RESULTADOS: A co-infec����o HIV/TB acometeu mais adultos do sexo masculino em idade economicamente ativa e a forma pulmonar da TB foi a mais comum. A distribui����o espacial mostrou que as incid��ncias nas ��reas com n��veis socioecon��micos intermedi��rios e inferiores (8,3 e 11,5 casos por 100 mil habitantes, respectivamente) foram superiores ��quela (4,8 casos por 100 mil habitantes) de n��vel socioecon��mico superior. CONCLUS��ES: A taxa de incid��ncia de co-infec����o HIV/TB analisada por n��veis socioecon��micos mostrou padra��o espacial de distribui��a��o n��o homog��neo e apresentou valores mais altos em ��reas de maior vulnerabilidade social. O estudo diagnosticou a��reas geogra��ficas priorita��rias para o controle da co-infec����o e a tecnologia do sistema de informa����o geogr��fica pode ser empregada no planejamento das a����es em sa��de pelos gestores municipais.

Use of the 2,3-diacyl-trehalose and the purified protein derivative in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in AIDS

The effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on IgG production against purified protein derivative (PPD) and 2,3-diacil-trehalose (SL-IV) was investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Comparison between the antigens showed that immunocompetent patients produce preferentially antibodies to SL-IV than to PPD (73.3% versus 63.3%). Combination of these results showed an increase of the sensitivity to 80%, which decreased over the spectrum of immunodepression caused by HIV. In the tuberculous HIV seropositive group the sensitivities of SL-IV and PPD were 36.4% versus 40% and 0% versus 22.2% in the tuberculosis/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (TB/AIDS) group. Combination of these results gave respectively 54.5% and 20%, showing that serological tests have limited value for diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients. High antibody levels were observed in HIV seropositive asymptomatic group, but only two individuals were positive for both antigens. In the follow up, one of them developed tuberculous lymphadenitis, indicating that further work is needed to access the value of serological tests in predicting tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals.

Genetic and Antigenic Analysis of Adenovirus Type 3 Strains Showing Intermediate Behavior in Standard Seroneutralization Test

During an epidemiological survey of acute respiratory infection in Rio de Janeiro, among 208 adenovirus isolates, we found two strains that we were not able, by a standard neutralization procedure, to distinguish between type 3 or 7. However, DNA restriction pattern for the two strains with different enzymes were analyzed and showed a typical Ad3h profile. Using a cross-neutralization test in which both Ad3p and Ad7p antisera were used in different concentration against 100 TCID50 of each adenovirus standard and both isolates, we were able to confirm that the two isolates belong to serotype 3. An hemagglutination inhibition test also corroborated the identification of both strains as adenovirus type 3. Comparing Ad3h and Ad3p genome, we observed 16 different restriction enzyme sites, three of which were located in genomic regions encoding polypeptides involved in neutralization sites

Cell proliferation and interferon-gamma response to recombinant MBP-3, NarL, MT-10.3, and 16kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in Brazilian tuberculosis patients

Human pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health problem. In resistant individuals, control of the infection mainly requires development of a Th1 cell immune response with production of cytokines, of which interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)plays an important role. Several antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been described for use in vaccine development or for diagnostic purposes, however little evaluation has been done in endemic area for TB. The proliferative and IFN-gamma human T cell immune responses, to four recombinant proteins (MBP-3, NarL, MT-10.3, 16 kDa) and PPD, of 38 Brazilian TB patients (6 untreated and 32 treated) and 67 controls (38 positive and 29 negative tuberculin skin test - TST) were compared. The highest reactivity mean rate was obtained with PPD followed by 16 kDa in TB patients. While most of the patients (87%) and controls (> 64%) respond to the PPD, 16kDa was more specifically recognized (> 21%) although less sensitive (54%). When TB patients were divided according to treatment status, opposite to PPD, higher average level of IFN-gamma was induced by 16kDa in untreated (505 pg/ml) compared to treated TB patients and TST+ (269.8 pg/ml x 221.6pg/ml, respectively), although the difference was not significant. These data show that in contrast with the other recombinant proteins, the stimulatory potency of 16kDa to induce proliferative and INF-gamma response was more effective and is more recognized by active TB untreated patients, eliciting in control individuals a more selective immune response than PPD.

Evaluation of Lionex TB kits and mycobacterial antigens for IgG and IgA detection in cerebrospinal fluid from tuberculosis meningitis patients

To evaluate commercial Lionex TB together with four antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MPT-64, MT10.3, 16 kDa and 38 kDa) for IgG and IgA cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) detection in the diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) with CSF negative acid-fast bacilli staining, 19 cases of TBM, 64 cases of other infectious meningoencephalitis and 73 cases of other neurological disorders were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. IgA-MPT-64 and IgG Lionex showed the highest sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (63.2%, 47.4%; 95%, 93.7%; 40%, 98% and 28.4%, 97.1%, respectively). However, while grey zone was 12.7% and 6%, respectively, lowering sensitivity but maintains high specificity (> 95%). High protein concentration in CSF was associated with antibody positivity CSF/HIV+ which did not influence the sensitivity of both tests. To our knowledge, this is the first description of IgA-MPT-64 and IgG Lionex antibodies in CSF-TBM and, although there is good specificity, adjustments are needed based on antigen composition to enhance sensitivity.

Genetic polymorphisms of NAT2, CYP2E1 and GST enzymes and the occurrence of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis in Brazilian TB patients

Isoniazid (INH), one of the most important drugs used in antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment, is also the major drug involved in hepatotoxicity. Differences in INH-induced toxicity have been attributed to genetic variability at several loci, such as NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1, that code for drug-metabolising enzymes. Our goal was to examine the polymorphisms in these enzymes as susceptibility factors to anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis in Brazilian individuals. In a case-control design, 167 unrelated active tuberculosis patients from the University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were enrolled in this study. Patients with a history of anti-TB drug-induced acute hepatitis (cases with an increase to 3 times the upper limit of normal serum transaminases and symptoms of hepatitis) and patients with no evidence of anti-TB hepatic side effects (controls) were genotyped for NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Slow acetylators had a higher incidence of hepatitis than intermediate/rapid acetylators [22% (18/82) vs. 9.8% (6/61), odds ratio (OR), 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-7.68, p = 0.04). Logistic regression showed that slow acetylation status was the only independent risk factor (OR 3.59, 95% CI, 2.53-4.64, p = 0.02) for the occurrence of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis during anti-TB treatment with INH-containing schemes in Brazilian individuals.

Serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay and tuberculin skin test to diagnose latent tuberculosis in household Mexican contacts: conversion and reversion rates and associated factors using conventional and borderline zone definitions

A cohort of 123 adult contacts was followed for 18&#8208;24 months (86 completed the follow-up) to compare conversion and reversion rates based on two serial measures of QuantiFERON (QFT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) (PPD from TUBERSOL, Aventis Pasteur, Canada) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) in household contacts of TB patients using conventional (C) and borderline zone (BZ) definitions. Questionnaires were used to obtain information regarding TB exposure, TB risk factors and socio-demographic data. QFT (IU/mL) conversion was defined as <0.35 to &#8805;0.35 (C) or <0.35 to >0.70 (BZ) and reversion was defined as &#8805;0.35 to <0.35 (C) or &#8805;0.35 to <0.20 (BZ); TST (mm) conversion was defined as <5 to &#8805;5 (C) or <5 to >10 (BZ) and reversion was defined as &#8805;5 to <5 (C). The QFT conversion and reversion rates were 10.5% and 7% with C and 8.1% and 4.7% with the BZ definitions, respectively. The TST rates were higher compared with QFT, especially with the C definitions (conversion 23.3%, reversion 9.3%). The QFT conversion and reversion rates were higher for TST &#8805;5; for TST, both rates were lower for QFT <0.35. No risk factors were associated with the probability of converting or reverting. The inconsistency and apparent randomness of serial testing is confusing and adds to the limitations of these tests and definitions to follow-up close TB contacts.

S��ntese, caracteriza����o e propriedades espectrosc��picas de criptatos de lantan��deo do tipo [Ln��(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2(3+)]

This work reports on the synthesis, characterization (infrared and hidrogen nmr spectra) and photophysical properties (luminescence spectra and emission quantum yield) of the lanthanide cryptates [Ln<FONT FACE=Symbol>��</FONT>(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2]3+ with Ln = Eu3+, Tb3+ or Gd3+, which can be applied as efficient Light-Conversion-Molecular-Devices. From emission spectra of [Eu<FONT FACE=Symbol>��</FONT>(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2]3+ it was possible to assign C3 symmetry to the metal ion. The spectroscopic studies show a higher emission quantum yield (q=25%) for [Tb<FONT FACE=Symbol>��</FONT>(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2]3+ in aqueous solution, whereas the europium cryptate presents q=14%. This is justified by a more efficient energy transfer between triplet and emission levels of terbium (T->5D4).

Estudos espectrosc��picos e estruturais dos pol��meros de coordena����o 2D, &#8734;[Tb(DPA)(HDPA)] e &#8734;[Gd(DPA)(HDPA)]

This paper presents the synthesis of the coordination polymers &#8734;[Ln(DPA)(HDPA)] (DPA=2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate; Ln= Tb and Gd), their structural and spectroscopic properties. The structural study reveals that the &#8734;[Ln(DPA)(HDPA)] has a single Ln+3 ion coordinated with two H2DPA ligands in tridentade coordination mode, while two others H2DPA establish a syn-bridge with a symmetry-related Ln3+, forming a two-dimensional structure. The spectroscopic studies show that &#8734;[Tb(DPA)(HDPA)] compound has high quantum yield (q x&#8776; 50.0%), due to the large contribution of radiative decay rate. Moreover triplet level is localized sufficiently over the emitter level 5D4 of theTb3+ ion, avoiding a retrotransference process between these states.

Linfoma n��o-Hodgkin envolvendo tonsila palatina: relato de 3 casos

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em relatar tr��s casos de linfoma n��o-Hodgkin (LNH) com acometimento de tonsilas palatinas acompanhados no Hospital Universit��rio Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), com pequena revis��o de literatura. Os LNH acometem s��tios extra-nodais em 25-30% dos casos. Dos casos extra-nodais, 10-30% acometem cabe��a e pesco��o. Destes casos de LNH em cabe��a e pesco��o, 60-70% est��o presentes no anel de Waldeyer, e deste grupo, algumas s��ries relatam que 80% encontram-se na tonsila palatina. Conclu��mos, portanto, que o acometimento das tonsilas pelo LNH constitui uma apresenta����o incomum desta malignidade hematol��gica, que merece aten����o e destaque para que seja feito diagn��stico precoce, seguido de tratamento e acompanhamento corretos.

S��ndrome do aqueduto vestibular alargado: relato de 3 casos e revis��o bibliogr��fica

A S��ndrome do Aqueduto Vestibular Alargado (SAVA) �� caracterizada por um alargamento do aqueduto vestibular associado a uma perda auditiva neurossensorial, algumas vezes mista, que pode ser cong��nita ou adquirida na inf��ncia. A disacusia pode ser dividida em leve, moderada ou profunda, associada com per��odos de melhora ou de piora s��bita. O alargamento do aqueduto vestibular �� a anomalia da orelha interna mais comum. A SAVA �� admitida como resultado de uma anormalidade gen��tica no desenvolvimento do aqueduto vestibular anterior �� quinta semana de gesta����o. A incid��ncia de SAVA est�� entre 1% e 1,3%, podendo chegar a 7% dependendo da popula����o examinada. O objetivo deste estudo �� relatar 3 casos de SAVA atendidos no N��cleo de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabe��a e Pesco��o de S��o Paulo e no servi��o de Radiologia do Hospital S��o Camilo - S��o Paulo, sendo que dois pacientes s��o irm��os somente por parte materna. Dois pacientes eram do sexo feminino, um do sexo masculino e a idade variou de 9 a 30 anos. O m��todo diagn��stico de elei����o �� a TC de osso temporais. A conduta para os casos foi o tratamento conservador com ressalva a cuidados como traumatismos cranianos, barotraumas e, quando necess��rio, uso de pr��teses auditivas.

Enraizamento advent��cio de estacas do maracujazeiro silvestre Passiflora mucronata Lam.: forma de veicula����o e concentra����es do ��cido indol-3-but��rico

Passiflora mucronata Lam. apresenta como caracter��sticas ser ornamental, medicinal e resistente �� bacteriose nas folhas, al��m de ser altamente resistente �� antracnose nos frutos e ramos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a forma de veicula����o, l��quida ou s��lida, e as concentra����es do ��cido indol-3-but��rico (AIB) no enraizamento advent��cio de estacas de P. mucronata. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x5 (formas de veicula����o do AIB: l��quida e s��lida x concentra����es de AIB: 0; 250; 500; 750 e 1000 mg L-1, se l��quido, ou mg Kg-1, se s��lido), com quatro repeti����es, de 16 estacas cada. As caracter��sticas avaliadas foram enraizamento (%), n��mero de raiz, comprimento da maior raiz (cm), volume de raiz (cm��) e massa de mat��ria seca de raiz (g). Verificou-se que o enraizamento de estacas de P. mucronata Lam. independe da forma como �� veiculado o AIB, se s��lida ou l��quida, por��m a qualidade do sistema radicular, avaliada por meio do n��mero, volume e massa de mat��ria seca de ra��zes, foi superior �� obtida ao se empregar o AIB s��lido. O comportamento do enraizamento, do n��mero e do comprimento de ra��zes foi linear crescente, at�� a m��xima concentra����o de AIB (1000 mg L-1 ou mg Kg-1).