A comunidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em áreas florestais do Parque Estadual de Itapuã (Viamão, RS): diversidade, abundância relativa e atividade sazonal

A comunidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) foi estudada no Parque Estadual do Itapuã, município de Viamão, no que diz respeito à diversidade, abundância relativa e atividade sazonal. As abelhas foram coletadas sobre as flores em duas áreas florestais, durante dois dias consecutivos por área, quinzenalmente, das 8 h às 18 h. No total, foram capturadas 3.306 abelhas pertencentes a 95 espécies das cinco famílias ocorrentes no Brasil. Dentre elas, Apidae foi a família mais abundante (2.860 indivíduos) e mais diversificada (36 espécies), seguida de Halictidae com 308 indivíduos e 26 espécies. Comparações realizadas com a fauna de abelhas de outras comunidades revelaram uma baixa diversidade na região estudada. Representantes de Apidae e Halictidae foram encontrados o ano todo nas flores, com uma redução gradual de atividade em março e abril quando foi registrado o menor índice de precipitação e temperaturas mais altas do ano.

Floral resources used by insects in a grassland community in Southern Brazil

The goal of the present study was to identify plant species used as food source, the floral resources utilized, and the insects that visit flowers in a grassland community in southern Brazil. The study was carried out in an area of one hectare, located in a grassland formation in the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The flowering pattern was seasonal, and richness and abundance of insects was higher during the period of high resource availability. Flowers of 106 species of angiosperms (73 genera and 34 families) were used as source of floral resources for 219 species (2,767 specimens) of insects. A total of 91.5% of plant species were visited by bees, 53.8% by flies, 34.9% by wasps, 22.6% by butterflies, and 12.3% by beetles. Nectar was the main resource consumed by the visitors (41.1%). Asteraceae was the richest (38 spp.) and most visited family, with 63.1% of the species and 49.5% of all specimens of recorded insects. Bees were the most representative insects (33.2% spp., 65% indiv.), followed by flies (26.9% spp., 16.5% indiv.), wasps, butterflies and beetles. 40 plant species were considered important resources for the floral visitors' community, due to high number of, both, species and individuals recorded in their flowers. The family Asteraceae as a species set was the main floral resource used by insect visitors through the year and has great importance for the maintenance of populations of many species of bees, flies, wasps and butterflies in the studied area.