Higher education of tourism in Spain and its adaptation to the European higher education area

The international tourism system has deeply undergone structural changes in the last decades which not remain outside the subsystem higher education in tourism, especially in the European case. This article has two objectives: firstly, describes the European higher education area and the objectives, skills and subjects taught in the main Spanish universities that offer higher education in tourism. On the other hand, in the light of knowledge that researchers' descriptive models, provide experience of the implementation of European credit and thorough a deeply review of the literature on the topic higher education in tourism, to propose strategies that will enable other tourism higher education systems approach to the European reality. These policy proposals are aimed at agents and elements from higher education in tourism subsystem and they specifically include: the institutions providing education in tourism, the curriculum, the teaching methods, teachers and students.

Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) no Brasil: V - Sobre o Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi sp.n. e a revisão do Simulium (C.) laneportoi Vargas, 1941

Uma espécie nova, Simulium friedlanderi, do subgênero Simulium (Chirostilbia) Enderlein é descrita, sendo a mesma procedente do norte da Província Hidrogeológica do Centro-Oeste, subprovíncia Alto Paraguai. Simulium (Chirostilbia) laneportoi Vargas, 1941 é revisada, sendo o Simulium (C.) dekeyseri Shelley e Py-Daniel, 1981 colocada em sua sinonimia, e apresentando uma distribuição geográfica tanto no norte da Província Hidrogeológica do Centro-Oeste, subprovíncia Alto Paraguai, como no sudeste da Província Hidrogeológica do Escudo Central. São apresentadas chaves diferenciativas para larvas e pupas do grupo pertinax.

Self-perceived health status in older adults: regional and sociodemographic inequalities in Spain

OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in self-perceived health status among older adults. METHODS: A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 non-institutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS: Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION: The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.

Stomoxys calcitrans as possible vector of Trypanosoma evansi among camels in an affected area of the Canary Islands, Spain

Introduction Trypanosoma evansi was first identified in the Canary Islands in 1997, and is still present in a small area of the Archipelago. To date, the disease has exclusively affected camel herds, and has not been detected in any other animal hosts. However potential vectors of Trypanosoma evansi must be identified. Methods One Nzi trap was placed on a camel farm located in the infected area for a period of one year. Results Two thousand five hundred and five insects were trapped, of which Stomoxys calcitrans was the sole hematophagous vector captured. Conclusions Stomoxys calcitrans could be exclusively responsible for the transmission of Trypanosoma evansi among camels in the surveyed area, as other species do not seem to be infected by S. calcitrans in the presence of camels.

Vanamea GEN. NOV. FOR Livoneca symmetricaVAN NAME,1925, (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE) AND A REDESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES BASED ON SPECIMENS FROM BRAZILIAN PIRANHAS

Studies of the cymothoid isopod Livoneca symmetricaVan Name, 1925, showed that this species has characters that preclude its inclusion in LivonecaLeach, 1818, or in any other known genus. The species is redescribed on the basis of male and female specimens from the mouth cavities of Amazonian piranhas (Serrasalmus spilopleura(Kner) and S. elongatusKner) and Vanameagen. nov. is proposed for it. The new genus is defined as having: a cephalon that is not immersed in pereonite 1; mandibles that are "foot-shaped" and without incisors, pereopods that are long and unequal in size and shape; a pleon that is not immersed in the pereon; and a pleotelson that is inflated anteriorly and medially.

Anatomia histológica de alguns órgãos da lagarta e do adulto da Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925

O autor continuando os seus estudos sôbre a Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, estende-o a anatomia histológica de alguns órgãos, do adulto e da lagarta, especialmente do aparelho digestivo e do reprodutor.

Anatomia morfológica, externa e interna da lagarta, e do adulto da Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925

O autor neste trabalho faz a descrição morfológica externa e interna da lagarta e do adulto de Brassolis sophorae Laurentii Stichel, inseto praga das palmeiras. Descreve o aspecto externo e após dissecação em líquido Ringer, estuda a morfologia dos diversos aparelhos, inclusive a genitalia do macho e ovos.

Notas sôbre Tabânidas brasileiros: I. Fidena longipalpis Enderlein, 1925

The male of Fidena longipalpis End., 1925 is described, and femme femme that were referred to Pangonia incisuralis Macq., 1847 by Lutz in 1909 are now identified as belonging to Enderlein's species. It is emphasised that in his addenda to Macquart's description Lutz gave a characterization which though short is diagnostic for F. longipalpis.