Vidros recobertos com camadas delgadas transparentes de SnO2

SnO2 thin layers, prepared from aqueous colloidal suspensions by the sol-gel process, have been dip-coated on commercial borosilicate glasses. The effect of the conditions of deposition on the optical and structural characteristics of the thin layers was analysed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, x-ray reflectometry and electron scanning microscopy. Layers prepared with withdrawal speed in between 0.1 and 10cm/min show thickness smaller than 90nm, roughness of the order of 2nm and transmittance higher than 80%, resulting in good optical quality samples. The roughness increases from 2 to 11nm as the withdrawal speed increases from 10 to 80cm/min, what seems to be associated to the enlargement of the layers thickness (> 90nm). The measurements of mass loss, done after etching with fluoridric acid show that the coated samples are more corrosion resistant than the uncoated borosilicate glass.

Estudo de efeito dos sais precursores sobre as propriedades eletrocatalíticas de eletrodos de Ti-SnO2/Sb preparados por decomposição térmica

The physical and electrochemical properties of Ti-SnO2/Sb electrodes obtained by the thermal decomposition of solutions of the precursor salts SnCl2×2H2O/SbCl3 and SnSO4/Sb2(SO4)3 were investigated. The reversibility of the cyclic voltammetric response of the Fe(CN)6(4-)/Fe(CN)6(3-) redox couple was assessed using the obtained electrodes. Their catalytic activity for the oxygen-evolving reaction and maximum capacity for electronic transfer were also evaluated by potential and current linear scans in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy analyses allowed the visualization of the morphology of the oxide films obtained. The best results were presented by the electrodes obtained from the chloride salt precursors.

Efecto de la naturaleza del precursor sobre las caracteristicas de las nanoparticulas de SnO2 sintetizadas

Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely used in industry as raw material for electronic devices, plating of different types of materials, for dyes and pigments, for electroplating, heterogeneous catalysis, etc. In this work SnO2 was obtained by a controlled precipitation method with special attention to the effects the tin precursor has on the microstructure of the final product. The most appropriate pH for obtaining SnO2 with the rutile structure as the main phase is 6.25 for SnCl2 and 6.40 for SnSO4. After heat treatment at 600 °C, particles of nanometric order (~10 - 30 nm approx) were obtained. The characterization of the solid phase was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/TG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Emprego de catalisadores heterogêneos de CaO e SnO2 suportados em cinza de casca de arroz na obtenção de biodiesel

Silica obtained from rice husk after acid leaching and calcination was compared to commercial silica as a catalyst support. CaO and SnO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation and tested in the transesterification of soybean oil and the esterification of oleic acid. CaO catalysts showed basic character and were the most active for transesterification, whereas SnO2 catalysts were acid and the most effective for esterification. In both cases the performances of the catalysts prepared with rice husk ash and commercial silica were similar. These results demonstrate that rice husk is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly source of silica that can be used as a catalyst support.

Estudo da corrosão de cadinhos de SnO2-ZnO, na fusão de vidros contendo metais pesados

Neste trabalho foi estudada resistência de cadinhos de SnO2 dopados com 1%mol de ZnO frente a corrosão na fusão de vidro contendo metais pesados. Os cadinhos foram obtidos através do processo de colagem de barbotina, e a sinterização foi realizada até a temperatura de 1400ºC por 4 horas. Os vidros foram fundidos uma única vez por 1 hora, sendo que o vidro de composição 50B2O3-50PbO à 700 ºC, o de composição 60B2O3-40BaO à 1150 ºC e o de composição 66,67B2O3-33,33PbO à 700 ºC, sendo resfriados no interior dos cadinhos. Estes cadinhos foram então preparados e analisados por MEV-EDS.

Preparação e caracterização do complexo sólido de estanho(II)-EDTA e influência do tratamento térmico sobre a morfologia do resíduo SnO2

A síntese do complexo sólido de estanho(II)-EDTA é descrita e sua caracterização efetuada através da análise elementar, espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho, difratometria de raios X e ressonância magnética nuclear de ¹H e 13C. O comportamento térmico é avaliado através das curvas termogravimétricas TG e de análise térmica diferencial DTA em atmosferas inerte e oxidante sugerindo etapas de decomposição térmica para o quelato de estequiometria [H2SnH2O(NCH2(CH2COO)2)2].¹/2H2O. As microscopias eletrônicas de varredura demonstram diferentes morfologias para os resíduos óxidos obtidos a 1200ºC em função da razão de aquecimento utilizada.

Atividade eletrocatalítica de eletrodos compostos por Pt, RuO2 e SnO2 para a eletrooxidação de formaldeído e ácido fórmico

A atividade eletrocatalítica para a oxidação de ácido fórmico e formaldeído em eletrodos binários de Pt e SnO2 e ternários de Pt, RuO2 e SnO2 em diferentes composições, foi investigada através das técnicas de voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria. Os materiais foram preparados por decomposição térmica de precursores poliméricos na temperatura de 400°C. Os experimentos de voltametria cíclica mostraram que os eletrodos mistos proporcionaram uma diminuição de ~100 mV (ERH) no potencial de pico de oxidação das moléculas orgânicas em relação ao eletrodo contendo somente Pt e indicaram que a composição Pt0,6Ru0,2Sn0,2Oy possui maior densidade de corrente de oxidação em potenciais inferiores ao potencial de pico. Os experimentos de cronoamperometria confirmam a contribuição da adição de SnO2 e RuO2 para o aumento da atividade catalítica em menores valores de potencial.

Dióxido de estanho nanoestruturado: síntese e crescimento de nanocristais e nanofitas

The objectives of this work are to supply a basic background on nanostructured materials and also to report about the obtaining of nanoparticles, mainly, tin dioxide nanocrystalline particles (obtained by using the polymeric precursor method) presenting a high stability against particle growth due to the usage of a metastable solid solution. The synthesis and growth of SnO2 nanoribbons by a carbothermal reduction process are also discussed.

Preparação de eletrodos opticamente transparentes

A simple experiment for the preparation of transparent conducting glass electrodes by deposition of pure and fluorine doped SnO2 films is described. This procedure was tested in the undergraduate inorganic course at IQ-UNICAMP. The success in achieving a conducting layer was easily checked using the standard probes of a volt-ohm meter. The optical transmittance and thickness were studied by UV-vis spectrophotometry. To discuss the experimental results we place significant emphasis on molecular orbital and energy band model theories. The undergraduate students can also discuss the concepts related to the electronic properties of solids and to interesting new materials, such as transparent conducting films, which are the subject of significant current research and technological applications.

Utilization of Sn/Nb2O5 composite for the removal of methylene blue

In this work, the oxidation of methylene blue textile dye in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, using niobium oxide impregnated with different proportions of tin (1, 5 and 10% in mass) as catalyst was studied. The materials were characterized by TPR, XPS, XRD and FTIR. The oxidation tests monitored by ESI-MS showed that the composite containing the higher amount of tin was the most efficient in the removal of the dye. The XRD, XPS, and TPR data presented evidence of the formation of the tin-niobium oxide composite containing Sn0 and supported SnO2.