Sôbre a cópula e a constituicäo do aparelho genital de Succinea meridionalis Orbigny, 1846: (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Succineidae)

Neste trabalho é feita a descrição anatômica e histológica do aparelho genital de Succiena meridionalis Orbigy, 1846, considerando-se também a concha, mandíbula, rádula e câmara paleal. As variações da concha, rádula e "talon", bem como a intensidade de pigmentação de diversas estruturas também são discutidas. Além dêstes aspectos, são relatados alguns dados biológicos da espécie e disposição anatômica do aparelho copulador por ocasião do ato sexual. Como caracteres importantes para diagnose desta espécie, dentro do gênero, consideramos: 1 - Conchas geralmente translúcidas e frágeis, como comprimento, nos adultos, variando de 6,0 a 13,1 mm e número de espiras compreendida entre 2 1/6 e 3 1/6. 2 - Ovotestis constituído por numerosos folículo reunidos num só grupo. 3 - Canal coletor do ovotestis unido à vesícula seminal subterminalmente. 4 - Vagina curta e mais dilatada na porção proximal, podendo formar um ângulo reto ou agudo com o oviduto. 5 - Bainha muscular do pênis envolvendo a porção distal do falus e sendo atravessada subrterminalmente pelo canal deferente. 6 - Porção proximal do falus bem dilatada, tendo dobrada contra si o epifalus. 7 - Presença de uma papila na comunicação do epifalus com a porção proximal do falus e que se projeta para a luz dêste último. 8 - Inserção terminal do músculo retrtor no epifalus.

First record of molluscs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in Brazil

Seeking the identification of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as a potential etiological agent of three clinical cases of eosinophilic meningitis, mollusc specimens were collected in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The snails were identified as Sarasinula marginata (45 specimens), Subulina octona (157), Achatina fulica (45) and Bradybaena similaris (23). Larvae obtained were submitted to polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism diagnosis. Their genetic profile were corresponded to A. cantonensis. Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected with third-stage larvae, developed menigoencephalitis, and parasites became sexually mature in the lungs. Additionally, larvae obtained from A. fulica snails, from São Vicente, state of São Paulo, also showed genetic profiles of this nematode. This is the first record of Brazilian molluscs infected with this nematode species.

Larva de quinto estádio e pupa de Opsiphanes quiteria meridionalis Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolinae)

É apresentada a descrição da larva de quinto estádio e pupa de Opsiphanes quiteria meridionalis Staudinger, 1877 de material proveniente do sul do Brasil. Os imaturos, exceto ovo, e o adulto são ilustrados. Larvas alimentam-se de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae).

Desenvolvimento de iniciadores para detecção e identificação de Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis em sementes de soja

Considerando a grande variabilidade apresentada pelo complexo Diaporthe/Phomopsis, os métodos rotineiros de sanidade de sementes, empregados na detecção do gênero Diaporthe, não são confiáveis visto que, para sua identificação são utilizadas as características morfológicas das colônias que se desenvolvem sobre as sementes. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver iniciadores específicos, bem como um método confiável para detecção e identificação de Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis (Dphm), em sementes de soja. Amostra de sementes da cultivar IAS5, analisada previamente para sanidade, não portadoras de Diaporthe (SS) foram inoculadas com Dphm (SI), obtendo-se amostras com as seguintes proporções de SI:SS: 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200 e 1:400. Para a extração de DNA do micélio do patógeno das sementes foi necessário primeiro incubar as sementes por 7 dias, utilizando-se o método do papel de filtro modificado com 2,4 D e, em seguida submetê-las à lavagem em tampão de extração (1% de SDS, 10 mM de TRIS/HCL e 25 mM de EDTA) por 20 min, sob agitação a 100 rpm. Em seguida, alíquotas de 350 miL do sobrenadante foram transferidas para novos microtubos contendo 350 miL de resina de sílica gel da Wizard/Promega permanecendo em contacto com a mesma por 1 minuto. Os DNAs extraídos foram utilizados como molde na reação de PCR com os iniciadores: DphLe (TCG GCC TTG GAA GTA GAA AG) e DphRi (ACT GAA TGC GTT GCG ATT CT) Utilizando-se estes iniciadores, foi possível detectar a presença de D. phaseolorum var meridionalis em sementes de soja, na proporção de uma semente infectada com o patógeno em amostras de 400 sementes (0,25% de incidência), utilizando-se o método do papel de filtro modificado com 2,4 D associado à técnica de PCR.

Comparative analysis of leaf cell-wall polysaccharides of Dialypetalanthus fuscescens and Bathysa meridionalis: evidence of biochemical similarities between Dialypetalanthaceae and Rubiaceae-Cinchonoideae

Dialypetalanthus fuscescens is an Amazonian endemic species with problematic taxonomic position. This neotropical rainforest tree belongs to the monospecific Dialypetalanthaceae. In the present work, we analysed the leaf cell-wall polysaccharide composition of Dialypetalanthus fuscescens and compared it to that of Bathysa meridionalis (Rubiaceae-Cinchonoideae). Glycosyl composition and glycosyl-linkage analysis indicated that both species have similar cell wall composition. Arabinogalactans were the major component of the pectic polysaccharides and xylans, although being reported in minor amounts in dicots, were found to be the predominant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cell walls of both species. These findings are in agreement with previous data on cell wall composition reported for Rubiaceae and corroborate the current suggestion of the possible link between this family and Dialypetalanthaceae.

Theory of reasoned action for continuous improvement capabilities: a behavioral approach

The importance of interaction between Operations Management (OM) and Human Behavior has been recently re-addressed. This paper introduced the Reasoned Action Theory suggested by Froehle and Roth (2004) to analyze Operational Capabilities exploring the suitability of this model in the context of OM. It also seeks to discuss the behavioral aspects of operational capabilities from the perspective of organizational routines. This theory was operationalized using Fishbein and Ajzen (F/A) behavioral model and a multi-case strategy was employed to analyze the Continuous Improvement (CI) capability. The results posit that the model explains partially the CI behavior in an operational context and some contingency variables might influence the general relations among the variables involved in the F/A model. Thus intention might not be the determinant variable of behavior in this context.

Influence of discount price announcements on consumer's behavior

The theoretical framework that underpins this research study is based on the Prospect Theory formulated by Kahneman and Tversky, and Thaler's Mental Accounting Theory. The research aims to evaluate the consumers' behavior when different patterns of discount are offered (in percentage and absolute value and for larger and smaller discounts). Two experiments were conducted to explore these patterns of behavior and the results that were obtained supported the view that the framing effect was a common occurrence. The patterns of choice of individuals in a sample were found to be different due to changes in the ways discounts were offered. This can be explained by the various ways of presenting discount rates that had an impact on the influence of purchase intentions, recommendations and quality perception.

Radiometric studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis

An in vitro assay system that included automated radiometric quantification of 14CO2 released as a result of oxidation of 14C- substrates was applied for studying the metabolic activity of M. tuberculosis under various experimental conditions. These experiments included the study of a) mtabolic pathways, b) detection times for various inoculum sizes, c) effect of filtration on reproducibility of results, d) influence of stress environment e) minimal inhibitory concentrations for isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol and rifampin, and f) generation times of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. These organisms were found to metabolize 14C-for-mate, (U-14C) acetate, (U-14C) glycerol, (1-14C) palmitic acid, 1-14C) lauric acid, (U-14C) L-malic acid, (U-14C) D-glucose, and (U-14C) D-glucose, but not (1-14C) L-glucose, (U-14C) glycine, or (U-14C) pyruvate to 14CO2. By using either 14C-for-mate, (1-14C) palmitic acid, or (1-14C) lauric acid, 10(7) organisms/vial could be detected within 24 48 hours and as few as 10 organisms/vial within 16-20 days. Reproducible results could be obtained without filtering the bacterial suspension, provided that the organisms were grown in liquid 7H9 medium with 0.05% polysorbate 80 and homogenized prior to the study. Drugs that block protein synthesis were found to have lower minimal inhibitory concentrations with the radiometric method when compared to the conventional agar dilution method. The mean generation time obtained for M. bovis and different strains of M. tuberculosis with various substrates was 9 ± 1 hours.

Entomoftoromicose rinofacial por Conidiobolus coronatus: registro de um caso tratado com sucesso pelo fluconazol

É descrito um caso de entomoftoromicose rinofacial por Conidiobolus coronatus, em paciente procedente de São Paulo (Capital), tratado com sucesso pelo fluconazol, por via oral, através terapêutica prolongada. Dados histopatológicos e micológicos confirmaram o diagnóstico.

TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION MIGHT INCREASE THE RISK OF INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT

Deep Candida infections commonly occur in immunosuppressed patients. A rare case of a multiple deep organ infection with Candida albicansand spinal tuberculosis was reported in a healthy young man. The 19-year-old man complained of month-long fever and lower back pain. He also had a history of scalded mouth syndrome. Coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans was diagnosed using the culture of aspirates from different regions. Symptoms improved considerably after antifungal and antituberculous therapy. This case illustrates that infection with tuberculosis might impair the host's immune system and increase the risk of invasive candidiasis in an immunocompetent patient.

Diagnostic value of the tilt-table test for the assessment of syncope in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE - To assess the diagnostic value, the characteristics, and feasibility of tilt-table testing in children and adolescents. METHODS - From August 1991 to June 1997, we retrospectively assessed 94 patients under the age of 18 years who had a history of recurring syncope and presyncope of unknown origin and who were referred for tilt-table testing. These patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (children) - 36 patients with ages ranging from 3 to 12 (mean of 9.19±2.31) years; group II (adolescents) - 58 patients with ages ranging from 13 to 18 (mean of 16.05±1.40) years. We compared the positivity rate, the type of hemodynamic response, and the time period required for the test to become positive in the 2 groups. RESULTS - The positivity rates were 41.6 % and 50% for groups I and II, respectively. The pattern of positive hemodynamic response that predominated in both groups was the mixed response. The mean time period required for the test to become positive was shorter in group I (11.0±7.23 min) than in group II (18.44±7.83 min). No patient experienced technical difficulty or complications. CONCLUSION - No difference was observed in regard to feasibility, positivity rate, and pattern of positive response for the tilt-table test in children and adolescents. Pediatric patients had earlier positive responses.

Comparison between tilt-table testing results performed during different periods of the day

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influences of circadian variations on tilt-table testing (TTT) results by comparing the positivity rate of the test performed during the morning with that of the test performed in the afternoon and to evaluate the reproducibility of the results in different periods of the day. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients with recurrent unexplained syncope or near-syncope referred for TTT were randomized into 2 groups. In group I, 68 patients, TTT was performed first in the afternoon and then in the morning. In group II, 55 patients, the test was performed first in the morning and then in the afternoon. RESULTS: The TTT protocol was the prolonged passive test, without drug sensitization. Twenty-nine (23.5%) patients had a positive result in at least one of the periods. The positivity rate for each period was similar: 20 (16.2%) patients in the afternoon and 19 (15.4%) in the morning (p=1.000). Total reproducibility (positive/positive and negative/negative) was observed in 49 (89%) patients in group I and in 55 (81%) in group II. Reproducibility of the results was obtained in 94 (90.4%) patients with first negative tests but in 10 (34%) patients with first positive tests. CONCLUSION: TTT could be performed during any period of the day, and even in the 2 periods to enhance positivity. Considering the low reproducibility rate of the positive tests, serial TTT to evaluate therapeutic efficacy should be performed during the same period of the day.

Importância da interação entre a integrina Mac-1 dos leucócitos e a glicoproteína Iba das plaquetas para o recrutamento de leucócitos pelas plaquetas e para a resposta inflamatória à lesão vascular

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a importância da interação entre a integrina Mac-1 dos leucócitos (a Mb 2) e a glicoproteína (GP) Iba das plaquetas para o recrutamento de leucócitos após a lesão vascular e o efeito da neutralização da interação Mac-1-GPIba sobre a proliferação celular e a hiperplasia neointimal desencadeadas por lesão vascular. MÉTODOS: Um peptídeo denominado M2 ou anticorpo anti-M2 foi desenvolvido para bloquear a interação Mac-1-GPIba . Esse peptídeo foi injetado e comparado com anticorpo-controle em camundongos C57B1/6J submetidos a lesão vascular da artéria femoral com corda-guia. Um, cinco ou 28 dias após a lesão vascular, as artérias femorais foram retiradas para a realização de morfometria e imuno-histoquímica. RESULTADOS: O bloqueio da interação Mac-1-GPIba promoveu uma redução estatisticamente significativa do número de leucócitos na camada média no primeiro dia após a lesão vascular (controle: 7,9±5,0% do total de células versus anti-M2: 2,0±1,6%, p=0,021), bem como determinou uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa do acúmulo de leucócitos na neoíntima em cinco e 28 dias (controle: 42,3±12,9% versus anti-M2: 24,6±10,8%, p=0,047 e controle: 7,9±3,0% versus anti-M2: 3,3±1,3%, p=0,012; respectivamente). A proliferação celular na camada média do vaso em cinco dias pós-lesão foi reduzida com o bloqueio da interação Mac-1-GPIba (controle: 5,0±2,9% do total de células versus anti-M2: 1,8±0,5%; p=0,043), assim como houve diminuição significativa da proliferação celular na camada íntima do vaso em 28 dias (controle: 3,8±1,7% versus anti-M2: 2,0±1,2%; p=0,047). O bloqueio da interação Mac-1-GPIba também determinou uma redução estatisticamente significativa do espessamento intimal em 28 dias pós-lesão (controle: 10.395±3.549 µm² versus anti-M2: 4.561±4.915 µm²; p=0,012). CONCLUSÃO: O recrutamento de leucócitos após a lesão vascular é dependente da interação Mac-1-GPIba e a neutralização dessa interação inibe a proliferação celular e a formação neointimal.