7 resultados para Semicondutores nanoestruturados

em Scielo Saúde Pública - SP


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Titanium dioxide is an efficient photocatalist, being possible to improve its efficiency with better charge separation which occurs when it is coupled with other semiconductors. Nanometric particles of ZnO were used to impregnate TiO2 P25 in order to optimize its photocatalytic properties. ZnO/TiO2 composites were obtained at different proportions and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, measurement of surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy data revealed a change on the TiO2 surface due the presence of ZnO which was observed by an enlargement of TiO2 peaks and a change on the relation rate between anatase and rutile phases of the composites. The photodegradation of azo-dye Drimaren red revealed better efficiency for ZnO/TiO2 3% nanocomposite and for ZnO pure.

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The development of new magnetic materials has attracted attention of researchers of different areas. In the last decades, a distinguished class of materials emerged in magnetism, in which the magnetic moment is delocalized over molecules. By varying the synthetic conditions it is possible to obtain a large variety of structures and properties using the same starting molecules. These materials have a great scientific appeal due to the possibility of presenting not only magnetic, but also optical or electrical transport properties. In this review we will present an overview of some molecular magnetic compounds, in particular molecular nanomagnets.

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Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots, have attracted great attention since they have interesting size-dependent properties due to the quantum confinement effect. These nanoparticles are highly luminescent and have potential applications in different technological areas, including biological labeling, light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. The synthetic methods of semiconductor nanocrystals have progressed in the last 30 years, and several protocols were developed to synthesize monodisperse nanocrystals with good optical properties, different compositions and morphologies. This review describes the main methods used to synthesize nanocrystals in the II-VI and III-V systems, and the recent approaches in this field of research.

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Titanium dioxide nanostructured catalysts (nanotubes) doped with different metals (silver, gold, copper, palladium and zinc) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method in order to promote an increase in their photocatalytic activity under visible light. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and specific area and pore volume determination. The materials' photocatalytic activity was evaluated by rhodamine B decomposition in a glass batch reactor. Under UV radiation, only nanotubes doped with palladium were more active than the TiO2 P25, but the samples doped with silver, palladium and gold exhibited better results than the undoped samples under visible light.

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In this work, nanostructured samples of barium zirconate (BaZrO3) and calcium zirconate (CaZrO3) were synthesized by the gel-combustion method, using glycine as fuel. The ceramic powders were calcined at 550 °C for 2 h and subsequently heat treated at 1350 °C for 10 min (fast-firing). The X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify and characterize the crystalline phases present in the synthesized powders, using the Rietveld method. Monophasic nanostructured samples of BaZrO3 and CaZrO3 presenting average crystallite sizes of around 8.5 and 10.3 nm, respectively, were found after fast-firing.

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New techniques for treating wastewater, particularly the removal or degradation of organic pollutants and heavy metals, among other pollutants, have been extensively studied. The use of nanostructured iron oxides as adsorbent and photocatalyst for the removal of these contaminants has proved a promising approach, not only because of their high treatment efficiency, but also for their cost-effectiveness, having the flexibility for in situ and ex situ applications. In this review, we briefly introduced the most used kinds of iron oxide nanoparticles, some synthesis techniques for iron oxide nanostructure formation, their potential benefits in environmental clean-up, and their recent advances and applications in wastewater treatment. These advances range from the direct applications of synthesized nanoparticles as adsorbents for removing toxic contaminants or as catalysts to oxidize and break down noxious contaminants (including bacteria and viruses) in wastewater, to integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies, such as composite photocatalytic filters (membranes, sand and ceramic) that combine separation technology with photocatalytic activity. Finally, the impact of nanoparticles on the environment and human health is briefly discussed.

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A substituição de parte do tecido ósseo se faz necessária muitas vezes na rotina cirúrgica, seja em função de fraturas, neoplasias ósseas ou enfermidades ortopédicas que acarretem em perda óssea. Neste sentido, têm se buscado biomateriais capazes de promover esta substituição, evitando o uso de enxertos ou transplantes ósseos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade osteoregenerativa de biomateriais em diferentes composições, em tíbias de ovinos. Foram utilizadas oito ovelhas mestiças texel, com 12 meses de idade e peso médio de 28,5±7,4kg. Após adequada preparação anestésica e cirúrgica, foram produzidos três defeitos ósseos na diáfise das tíbias em sua face medial, totalizando seis defeitos de 6mm cada, sendo que quatro foram preenchidos por biomateriais, e dois por fragmentos ósseos retirados do próprio animal (autocontrole). Os materiais implantados foram: hidroxiapatita (HA), tricálcio fosfato-β (TCP-β), hidroxiapatita/tricálcio fosfato-b 60/40 (HA/TCP-b 60/40) e o nanocompósito hidroxiapatita/alumina a 5% (HA/Al2O3 a 5%). Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos: Grupo 60 (n=04), em que os animais foram eutanasiados após 60 dias da colocação dos implantes e Grupo 90 (n=04), em que a eutanásia ocorreu 90 dias após a colocação dos implantes. Foram realizadas radiografias nos períodos pré-operatório, imediatamente após o procedimento e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório, a fim de excluir qualquer alteração prévia ou complicação pós-operatória, capaz de comprometer o estudo. Após a eutanásia, foram coletadas as tíbias para avaliação macro e microscópica, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia óptica. Os resultados encontrados mostraram uma boa capacidade de neoformação óssea e uma lenta absorção da HA. O TCP-β foi rapidamente absorvido e apresentou boa capacidade osteoindutiva e osteocondutiva, sendo observada neoformação óssea no interior dos grânulos deste biomaterial. O composto bifásico HA/TCP-β (60/40) apresentou o melhor resultado a longo prazo, devido ao melhor controle na solubilização e liberação dos íons cálcio e fosfatos para o meio biológico durante o processo de neoformação óssea. O biomaterial nanocompósito HA/Al2O3 a 5% não apresentou resultados promissores neste estudo, e sugerem-se novas pesquisas a fim de investigar melhor o potencial e aplicabilidade deste novo biomaterial. Conclui-se que a hidroxiapatita, o tricálcio fosfato-β e a associação HA/TCP-β (60/40) apresentam excelente capacidade de reparação óssea, podendo ser utilizados como substitutos ósseos; a associação HA/TCP-β (60/40) é o melhor dentre os biomateriais estudados, pois apresenta velocidade de absorção intermediária em relação à HA e ao TCP-β isolados, fornecendo ainda uma sustentação adequada ao tecido neoformado; o biomaterial HA/Al2O3 5% se mostrou incompatível, provocando reação de rejeição por parte do hospedeiro e com insignificante formação de tecido ósseo, sugerindo novas pesquisas acerca deste material.