Focusing illusion in satisfaction with life among college students living in Brazil

Literature shows that there are significant associations between health and happiness. Various countries are considering, contemplating or formally incorporating the happiness variable into their public health policies. Moreover, the private sector has shown interest in the topic. Based on that This article examines the biases in the perception of satisfaction with life among young adults in two Brazilian cities. The study explores the associations between aspects of life and perception of happiness because public policies associated with happiness require an improved understanding of the subjectivity of the sense of well-being. A survey conducted among 368 college students enabled analysis through Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and linear regression. The results suggest that, although there were no significant differences in general satisfaction with life between the two cities, there were indications of focusing illusion in the perception of happiness caused by expectations arising from the feeling of personal insecurity in a metropolis.

Acceptance of nanotechnology applications and satisfaction with food-related life in southern Chile

Given the increasing use of nanotechnology in food production and packaging, its acceptance was evaluated in Temuco, Chile, and different consumer segments were identified. Different brands of sunflower oil were used at different prices as a case study. A structured questionnaire was applied to 400 supermarket shoppers. It was determined that brand was more important than nanotechnology application in packaging and food, and more important than price. The consumers preferred an average priced oil with a manufacturer's brand with nanoparticles to reduce cholesterol, and packaging with nanoparticles to increase the shelf life of the product and to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Three consumer segments were distinguished by the cluster analysis. The largest segment (44%) preferred the oil without nanotechnology. The second (35.2%) preferred the oil with nanotechnology in the food and the packaging, and the greatest preference was for packaging with nanoparticles extension in the shelf life of the product. The third segment (20.8%) had similar behavior, but it showed greater preference for the oil with nanoparticles that reduced cholesterol and for the packaging that prevented the growth of bacteria and viruses. The segments differed in terms of their satisfaction with food-related life and lifestyle. It was found that over 50% of the participants preferred oil with nanotechnology applications.

Tradução e adaptação cultural do Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales para a cultura brasileira

Este estudo teve por objetivos traduzir e adaptar o Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales para a cultura brasileira, bem como verificar seu uso prático. O instrumento contém duas escalas e tem como objetivo avaliar as experiências vivenciadas pelo paciente e a satisfação com o cuidado de enfermagem. Para o procedimento metodológico de adaptação cultural foram seguidas as etapas de tradução, síntese, retro-tradução, avaliação pelo comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. O processo de tradução e adaptação cultural foi considerado apropriado. A avaliação pelo comitê de especialistas resultou em modificações gramaticais simples para a maioria dos itens e, no pré-teste, participaram 40 sujeitos. A versão brasileira do Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales demonstrou adequada validade de conteúdo e facilidade de compreensão pelos sujeitos. Contudo, este é um estudo que antecede o processo de avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento, cujos resultados serão apresentados em publicação posterior.

Condições associadas ao grau de satisfação com a vida entre a população de idosos

OBJETIVO: Com o aumento geral da sobrevida da população, torna-se importante garantir aos idosos não apenas maior longevidade, mas felicidade e satisfação com a vida. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os fatores associados ao grau de satisfação com a vida entre a população de idosos. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistados 365 idosos no município de Botucatu, SP, em 2003, selecionados por meio de amostragem estratificada proporcional e aleatória. Utilizou-se uma composição dos questionários de Flanagan, de Nahas e o WHOQOL-100. Para complementar o inquérito, foram acrescentadas questões sobre atividade física do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física; perguntas sobre morbidade referida e avaliação emocional, situação sociodemográfica, além de uma pergunta aberta. O grau de satisfação com a vida foi medido numa escala de um a sete, utilizando reconhecimento visual. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística hierarquizada, considerando como variável dependente a "satisfação com a vida" e variáveis independentes àquelas que compuseram o questionário final, em blocos. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos idosos estava satisfeita com sua vida em geral e em aspectos específicos. Associou-se com o grau de satisfação com a vida: conforto domiciliar (OR=11,82; IC 95%: 3,27; 42,63); valorizar o lazer como qualidade de vida (OR=3,82; IC 95%: 2,28; 6,39); acordar bem pela manhã (OR=2,80; IC 95%: 1,47; 5,36); não referir solidão (OR=2,68; IC 95%: 1,54; 4,65); fazer três ou mais refeições diárias (OR=2,63; IC 95%: 1,75; 5,90) e referência de não possuir Diabetes Mellitus (OR=2,63; IC 95%: 1,31; 5,27). CONCLUSÕES: Os idosos, em sua maioria, estavam satisfeitos com a vida e isso se associou a situações relacionadas com o "bem-estar" e a não referência de Diabetes Mellitus.

Transtorno mental, indicadores demográficos e satisfação com a vida

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência de rastreamento positivo para transtornos mentais não-psicóticos, variáveis sociodemográficas e presença de doença crônica não-psiquiátrica nos escores da Escala de Satisfação Com a Vida. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo os moradores de uma área atendida pelo Programa de Saúde da Família em Santa Cruz do Sul (RS). De 30 de junho a 30 de agosto de 2006 os participantes responderam ao instrumento de rastreamento psiquiátrico Self-report Questionnaire-20 items e à Escala de Satisfação Com a Vida, esta para avaliar o componente cognitivo do bem-estar subjetivo. RESULTADOS: O total de indivíduos participantes do estudo foi de 625. Ser do sexo feminino apresentou associação significativa e inversa com satisfação com a vida. O mesmo ocorreu entre escores do rastreamento psiquiátrico e da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Por outro lado, a idade apresentou associação significativa e positiva com a Escala. Após análise multivariada, todas as três variáveis permaneceram associadas ao desfecho. Indivíduos com doença crônica não-psiquiátrica não diferiram dos sem doença nos escores da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. CONCLUSÕES: A associação positiva entre a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e idade está de acordo com sua validação no Brasil. A relação inversa entre escores do instrumento de rastreamento psiquiátrico e a Escala confirma o impacto negativo dos transtornos mentais.

Professional and community satisfaction with the Brazilian family health strategy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the strengths and limitations of the Family Health Strategy from the perspective of health care professionals and the community. METHODS: Between June-August 2009, in the city of Vespasiano, Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the Family Health Strategy (ESF) with 77 healthcare professionals and 293 caregivers of children under five. Health care professional training, community access to health care, communication with patients and delivery of health education and pediatric care were the main points of interest in the evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals as well as to assess the statistical significance of the variables studied. RESULTS: The majority of health care professionals reported their program training was insufficient in quantity, content and method of delivery. Caregivers and professionals identified similar weaknesses (services not accessible to the community, lack of healthcare professionals, poor training for professionals) and strengths (community health worker-patient communications, provision of educational information, and pediatric care). Recommendations for improvement included: more doctors and specialists, more and better training, and scheduling improvements. Caregiver satisfaction with the ESF was found to be related to perceived benefits such as community health agent household visits (OR 5.8, 95%CI 2.8;12.1), good professional-patient relationships (OR 4.8, 95%CI 2.5;9.3), and family-focused health (OR 4.1, 95%CI 1.6;10.2); and perceived problems such as lack of personnel (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.2;0.6), difficulty with access (OR 0.2, 95%CI 0.1;0.4), and poor quality of care (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1;0.6). Overall, 62% of caregivers reported being generally satisfied with the ESF services. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the limitations and strengths of the Family Health Strategy from the healthcare professional and caregiver perspective may serve to advance primary community healthcare in Brazil.

Brazilian version of the Quality of Care Scale: the perspective of people with disabilities

OBJECTIVE To analyze evidence of the validity and reliability of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Quality of Care Scale from the perspective of people with physical and intellectual disabilities.METHODS There were 162 people with physical disabilities and 156 with intellectual disabilities from Porto Alegre and metropolitan region, who participated in the study in 2008. Classical psychometrics was used to independently analyze the two samples. Hypotheses for evidence of criterion validity (concurrent type) were tested with the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal distributions. Principal components analysis was used to explore factorial models. Evidence of reliability was calculated with Cronbach alpha for the scales and subscales. Test-retest reliability was analyzed for individuals with intellectual disabilities through intra-class correlation coefficient and the Willcoxon test.RESULTS The principal components in the group with physical disabilities replicated the original model presented as a solution to the international project data. Evidence of discriminant validity and test-retest reliability was found.CONCLUSIONS The transcultural factor model found within the international sample project seems appropriate for the samples investigated in this study, especially the physical disabilities group. Depression, pain, satisfaction with life and disability may play a mediating role in the evaluation of quality of care. Additional research is needed to add to evidence of the validity of the instruments.

Criação de uma escala de satisfação com a vida por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item

RESUMO Objetivo A satisfação com a vida é um julgamento cognitivo de alguns domínios específicos na vida e depende de uma comparação entre as circunstâncias de vida do indivíduo e um padrão por ele estabelecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir uma escala de satisfação com a vida por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). Métodos Para a criação da escala, foi utilizado o questionário “Estilo de Vida e Hábitos de Lazer de Trabalhadores da Indústria” e a Teoria da Resposta ao Item com base no modelo de resposta gradual proposto por Samejima. Participaram do estudo 47.477 trabalhadores brasileiros da indústria. Resultados A escala contou com sete itens do bloco de perguntas “indicadores de saúde e comportamentos preventivos”, com assuntos relacionados ao estado de saúde, qualidade de sono, nível de estresse, sentimento de tristeza ou depressão e percepção de vida no lar, no trabalho e no lazer. Conclusão São poucos os estudos que tiveram seu foco direcionado à satisfação com a vida no Brasil, e aqueles que de alguma forma o abordaram incluíram somente uma questão específica sobre felicidade ou satisfação de vida, principalmente em estudos sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. Os resultados mostraram que a TRI foi eficiente para criar a escala, medindo principalmente aqueles indivíduos com valores intermediários de satisfação com a vida.

A simple HPLC-fluorescence method for the measurement of R,S-sotalol in the plasma of patients with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias

R,S-sotalol, a ß-blocker drug with class III antiarrhythmic properties, is prescribed to patients with ventricular, atrial and supraventricular arrhythmias. A simple and sensitive method based on HPLC-fluorescence is described for the quantification of R,S-sotalol racemate in 500 µl of plasma. R,S-sotalol and its internal standard (atenolol) were eluted after 5.9 and 8.5 min, respectively, from a 4-micron C18 reverse-phase column using a mobile phase consisting of 80 mM KH2PO4, pH 4.6, and acetonitrile (95:5, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min with detection at lex = 235 nm and lem = 310 nm, respectively. This method, validated on the basis of R,S-sotalol measurements in spiked blank plasma, presented 20 ng/ml sensitivity, 20-10,000 ng/ml linearity, and 2.9 and 4.8% intra- and interassay precision, respectively. Plasma sotalol concentrations were determined by applying this method to investigate five high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation admitted to the Emergency Service of the Medical School Hospital, who received sotalol, 160 mg po, as loading dose. Blood samples were collected from a peripheral vein at zero, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 24.0 h after drug administration. A two-compartment open model was applied. Data obtained, expressed as mean, were: CMAX = 1230 ng/ml, TMAX = 1.8 h, AUCT = 10645 ng h-1 ml-1, Kab = 1.23 h-1, a = 0.95 h-1, ß = 0.09 h-1, t(1/2)ß = 7.8 h, ClT/F = 3.94 ml min-1 kg-1, and Vd/F = 2.53 l/kg. A good systemic availability and a fast absorption were obtained. Drug distribution was reduced to the same extent in terms of total body clearance when patients and healthy volunteers were compared, and consequently elimination half-life remained unchanged. Thus, the method described in the present study is useful for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes, pharmacokinetic investigation and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic sotalol studies in patients with tachyarrhythmias.

Satisfação com a prótese auditiva na vida diária em usuários do Sistema de Saúde do Exército

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o nível de satisfação com a prótese auditiva na vida diária em usuários do Sistema de Saúde do Exército e fatores associados. Foram selecionados adultos e idosos, usuários do convênio de saúde da 3ª Região Militar, que adquiriram prótese auditiva entre os anos de 1998 e 2003, para responderem ao questionário SADL (Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life). Foram excluídos do estudo indivíduos com idade inferior a 18 anos; que adquiriram a prótese auditiva há menos de 6 semanas; com grave limitação da capacidade de compreensão e expressão; e que não concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes estavam consideravelmente satisfeitos com o uso da prótese auditiva. Houve menor satisfação na subescala fatores negativos do SADL, especialmente em relação ao uso do telefone. Tiveram associação com a satisfação fatores ligados à pessoa e, principalmente, à reabilitação auditiva. Os dados mostraram que, além da seleção da prótese tecnicamente mais adequada, tem fundamental importância a implantação de programas de reabilitação auditiva, com experiência domiciliar, orientações e aconselhamento, buscando que o paciente tenha expectativas realistas.

Cut-off point for WHOQOL-bref as a measure of quality of life of older adults

OBJECTIVE To propose a cut-off for the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-bref) as a predictor of quality of life in older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 391 older adults registered in the Northwest Health District in Belo Horizonte, MG, Southeastern Brazil, between October 8, 2010 and May 23, 2011. The older adults’ quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-bref. The analysis was rationalized by outlining two extreme and simultaneous groups according to perceived quality of life and satisfaction with health (quality of life good/satisfactory – good or very good self-reported quality of life and being satisfied or very satisfied with health – G5; and poor/very poor quality of life – poor or very poor self-reported quality of life and feeling dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with health – G6). A Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was created to assess the diagnostic ability of different cut-off points of the WHOQOL-bref. RESULTS ROC curve analysis indicated a critical value 60 as the optimal cut-off point for assessing perceived quality of life and satisfaction with health. The area under the curve was 0.758, with a sensitivity of 76.8% and specificity of 63.8% for a cut-off of ≥ 60 for overall quality of life (G5) and sensitivity 95.0% and specificity of 54.4% for a cut-off of < 60 for overall quality of life (G6). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic interpretation of the ROC curve revealed that cut-off < 60 for overall quality of life obtained excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value for tracking older adults with probable worse quality of life and dissatisfied with health.

Tuberculosis Control Program and patient satisfaction, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors associated with users’ satisfaction in the Tuberculosis Control Program. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 295 patients aged ≥ 18 years, with two or more outpatient visits in the Tuberculosis Control Program, in five cities in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. Considering an estimated population of 4,345 patients, the sampling plan included 15 health care units participating in the program, divided into two strata: units in Rio de Janeiro City, selected with probability proportional to the monthly average number of outpatient visits, and units in the other four cities. In the units, four temporal clusters of five patients each were selected with equal probability, totaling 300 patients. A questionnaire investigating the users’ clinical and sociodemographic variables and aspects of care and service in the program relevant to user satisfaction was applied to the patients. Descriptive statistics about users and their satisfaction with the program were obtained, and the effects of factors associated with satisfaction were estimated. RESULTS Patients were predominantly males (57.7%), with a mean age of 40.9 and with low level of schooling. The mean treatment time was 4.1 months, mostly self-administered (70.4%). Additionally, 25.8% had previously been treated for tuberculosis. There was a high level of satisfaction, especially regarding medication provision, and respect to patients by the health professionals. Patients who were younger (≤ 30), those on self-administered treatment, and with graduate level, showed less satisfaction. Suggestions to improve the services include having more doctors (70.0%), and offering exams in the same place of attendance (55.1%). CONCLUSIONS Patient satisfaction with the Tuberculosis Control Program was generally high, although lower among younger patients, those with university education and those on self-administered treatment. The study indicates the need for changes to structural and organizational aspects of care, and provides practical support for its improvement.

Bullying among adolescents in a Brazilian urban center – “Health in Beagá” Study

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of bullying and its associated factors in Brazilian adolescents.METHODS Data were used from a population-based household survey conducted by the Urban Health Observatory (OSUBH) utilizing probability sampling in three stages: census tracts, residences, and individuals. The survey included 598 adolescents (14-17 years old) who responded questions on bullying, sociodemographic characteristics, health-risk behaviors, educational well-being, family structure, physical activity, markers of nutritional habits, and subjective well-being (body image, personal satisfaction, and satisfaction with their present and future life). Univariate and multivariate analysis was done using robust Poisson regression.RESULTS The prevalence of bullying was 26.2% (28.0% among males, 24.0% among females). The location of most bullying cases was at or on route to school (70.5%), followed by on the streets (28.5%), at home (9.8%), while practicing sports (7.3%), at parties (4.6%), at work (1.7%), and at other locations (1.6%). Reports of bullying were associated with life dissatisfaction, difficulty relating to parents, involvement in fights with peers and insecurity in the neighborhood.CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of bullying among participating adolescents was found, and the school serves as the main bullying location, although other sites such as home, parties and workplace were also reported. Characteristics regarding self-perception and adolescent perceptions of their environment were also associated with bullying, thus advancing the knowledge of this type of violence, especially in urban centers of developing countries.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em adolescentes: revisão da literatura

OBJETIVO: Revisar criticamente a disponibilidade de instrumentos de satisfação com a vida utilizados para avaliar a qualidade de vida em adolescentes. MÉTODO: Nesta revisão foram selecionados estudos que utilizavam escalas de satisfação com a vida em adolescentes, exclusivamente. Foram excluídos estudos dirigidos à população em geral, ou que investigassem satisfação na relação com os pais, com cuidadores e com serviços de saúde. Foram consultadas as bases eletrônicas MedLine, Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed e Adolec, sendo incluída checagem manual das referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 22 estudos conforme os critérios de inclusão, verificando-se a existência de nove escalas de satisfação com a vida, sendo duas variações (abreviada e versão adolescente) da escala de um mesmo autor. Foi adicionada à seleção uma escala de qualidade de vida que continha avaliações de domínios de satisfação com a vida. CONCLUSÃO: As validações das principais escalas são descritas, observando-se o reduzido número de estudos transculturais disponíveis. O uso do conceito de qualidade de vida por meio de instrumentos de satisfação com a vida é relativamente novo, e necessita de estudos mais abrangentes no que diz respeito à cultura e às diferentes realidades econômicas.

Qualidade de vida de pacientes com esquizofrenia internados em hospital de custódia

OBJETIVO: Investigar a qualidade de vida (QV) de pacientes com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia que cumprem medida de segurança em regime fechado. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico com delineamento transversal, realizado com pacientes de um hospital de custódia. As entrevistas foram conduzidas utilizando questionário sociodemográfico e a escala de qualidade de vida Quality of Life Scale (QLS-BR), específica para pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Foi realizada análise descritiva e multivariada. A associação entre os escores de QV e as características clínicas, sociodemográficas e do delito foi obtida por análise multivariada, através da árvore de decisão, por meio do algoritmo Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). RESULTADOS: Participaram deste estudo 54 pacientes, sendo 90,7% do sexo masculino, com a média de idade de 40 anos. Todos os domínios de qualidade de vida, inclusive o global, apresentaram escores compatíveis com uma QV muito baixa. O domínio ocupacional apresentou-se como o mais comprometido. Maior duração da doença, ter cometido homicídio e estar com idade superior a 40 anos foram as variáveis associadas a uma baixa qualidade de vida pela análise multivariada. CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se uma baixa QV dos pacientes que cumprem medida de segurança em regime fechado, realidade que precisa ser modificada a partir da viabilização de mudanças nas políticas brasileiras.