O Brasil e a organização internacional para os refugiados (1946-1952)

O artigo cuida da participação do Brasil, como Estado não-membro, nas atividades da Organização Internacional para os Refugiados (OIR). Após contextualizar do ponto de vista histórico, político e jurídico tanto o estabelecimento quanto o mandato da OIR, o autor analiza, com o uso de fontes primárias pesquisadas no Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty, os bastidores, a implementação e os resultados da política exterior do Brasil no que respeita à proteção de refugiados no periodo que se estende de 1946 a 1952.

Revisitando as origens do ensino de graduação em administração pública no Brasil (1854-1952)

A história do ensino de graduação em administração pública no Brasil é retratada por um conjunto de obras/autores que partem da instalação do curso da EBAP-FGV em 1952 como o marco zero. Contudo, pouco se escreveu sobre a pré-história dessa formação acadêmica no país; seus antecedentes carecem de sistematização. O objetivo deste artigo é rever as origens desse ensino para compreender sua evolução e institucionalização na educação superior nacional. Esse esforço contribui para a construção da memória da área de conhecimento de administração no Brasil, em geral, e do seu ensino (e pesquisa), em particular. Baseado em ampla revisão bibliográfica e em uma razoável análise documental, o artigo desvela três momentos nítidos, conexos e sucessivos entre o Segundo Império e o final do Estado Novo que precedem a institucionalização desse curso superior na década de 1950.

Prevalencia del alcoholismo durante tres décadas en Chile (1952-1982)

Mediante el método de Jellinek se estudió la evolución del número de alcohólicos y de la tasa de prevalencia de alcoholismo en Chile y sus variaciones entre los años 1952 y 1982. Se señalan los sesgos y limitaciones de la metodología empleada y se comparan los resultados obtenidos con los de otras investigaciones chilenas. Se concluye que ha habido un incremento del número de alcohólicos y de la tasa de alcoholismo en el periodo analizado que para 1982 es un 70% mayor que para 1952. Este incremento ha sido irregular y fluctuante. Nuestros resultados cuestionan la eficacia de las políticas de prevención del alcoholismo llevadas a cabo en el período.

Cephalopoda as prey of juvenile Southern elephant seals at Isla 25 de Mayo/King George, South Shetland Islands

The aim of the present study was to enhance the knowledge of the feeding habits of the juvenile component of the population of Southern elephant seals [Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758)] from Isla 25 de Mayo, South Shetland Islands, age class whose diet information is scarce. A total of 60 individuals were stomach lavaged in the spring - summer seasons of three consecutive years (2003, 2004 and 2005) of which 53.3 % (n = 32) presented food remnants. The Antarctic glacial squid Psychroteuthis glacialis Thiele, 1921 was the dominant prey taxon in terms of frequency of occurrence (68.7%), numerical abundance (60.1%) and biomass (51.5%), contributing 84.1% to the total relative importance index. Other squid prey species of importance were Slosarczykovia circumantartica Lipinski, 2001 in terms of occurrence (37.5%) and numerical abundance (14%) and Moroteuthis knipovitchi Filippova, 1972 in terms of biomass (16%). All identified cephalopod prey taxa are distributed south of the Antarctic Polar Front, except for the squid Martialia hyadesi Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 which has a circumpolar distribution associated to the Polar Frontal Zone. No significant differences in the sizes of P. glacialis preyed upon by elephant seals were found between sexes and years. However, significant interannual differences were found in the taxonomical composition of their diet. This would be associated with temporal changes in food availability at the foraging areas of seals, which in turn may have been influenced by changes in oceanographic conditions as a result of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon that occurred during part of the study period. Furthermore, a differential response of males and females to this temporal variation was observed, with the former being also associated to a predation on octopods. This would suggest a sexual segregation in foraging habits of this species from the early stages of its life cycle.

Contribuição ao estudo do gênero Phaenicia (R. D., 1863): (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

The author redescribes four species of Phaenicia refered to Brazil: P. sericata (Meigen), P. pallescens (Shannon), P. mexicana (Macquart) and P. eximia (Wiedemann). A new species, P. japuhybensis from the State of Rio de Janeiro, was also studied.

Colonization by mites of glacier-free areas in King George Island, Antarctica

This work aimed to investigate the ratio of colonization by terrestrial mites on ice-free areas created by the ongoing climate-induced melting of Antarctic glaciers. Glacier retreat opens new ice-free areas for the colonization by vegetation and animals. The study was undertaken on the Antarctic Specially Protected Area no. 128 (West Coast of the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands Islands). Transects marked between the Ecology, Baranowski and Windy Glaciers, and a sea shore were used to collect soil samples. Oribatid mites were found only on near-shore areas, on patches of vegetation of more than 30 years of age. The colonization by mite communities is strongly determined by the presence of plants.

O médico George Thomson e os primeiros desenvolvimentos do conceito de gás

The word gas was coined by the "chemical philosopher" Joan Baptista Van Helmont (1579 -- 1644) to name a very broad concept in his chemico-medical system. Eventually, some physicians who followed Helmontian ideas adopted the concept. The present paper aims to analyze the reception of the original idea of gas by an English Helmontian physician, George Thomson (1619 -- 1677). Thomson wrote that the "material cause" of the plague was a gas, and compared it to the "Gas of sulphur". He also related the human archeus to a gas, and explained some observations in the laboratory in terms of production of gases. We observe, however, that Thomson was not as interested as Van Helmont in discussing details about the structure of the matter. Thus, gas did not have the same relevance in Thomson's work as it had in Van Helmont's.