COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE AS REGIÕES VITÍCOLAS DE SÃO JOAQUIM – SC, BRASIL E SAN MICHELE ALL’ADIGE – TN, ITÁLIA

A fenologia da videira, a produtividade das plantas e a qualidade da uva apresentam forte relação com os fatores ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as regiões vitícolas de altitude elevada de Santa Catarina com a região de San Michele All’Adige localizada na Itália. Para os estudos, utilizou-se dos dados da Estação Experimental de São Joaquim - EPAGRI (28°16’30,08”S, 49°56’09,34”O, altitude 1.400 m), localizada em São Joaquim e do Istituto Agrario di San Michele All’Adige – Fondazione Edmund Mach46°11’41,46”N, 11°08’04,41”L, altitude 223 m), localizado na Província de Trento. A variedade avaliada foi a Rebo, para a qual foram determinados osprincipais estádios fenológicos e calculada a exigência térmica através dos graus-dia, temperaturas média, máxima, mínima, amplitude, precipitação, umidade relativa do ar, insolação e radiação solar global. No momento da colheita, foi avaliado o desempenho agronômico da variedade Rebo. Em São Joaquim, o ciclo da variedade Rebo é mais longo, o acúmulo térmico é menor, a precipitação pluviométrica e a radiação solar global acumulada são maiores do que em San Michele All’Adige. As temperaturas mais baixas e a menor insolação durante a floração-mudança de cor das bagas são os principais fatores climáticos relacionados com as menores produtividades das plantas. Em São Joaquim, as baixas temperaturas e as elevadas taxas de radiação solar global na maturação contribuem de maneira positiva na formação dos compostos fenólicos, mas dificultam a degradação dos ácidos da variedade Rebo.

Los desafíos a la reunificación de China y Taiwán: la Ley Antisecesión (2005) y el Acuerdo Marco de Cooperación Económica (2010)

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el problema de la reunificación entre la República Popular China y Taiwán en la última década, en el marco de dos hitos: por un lado, la promulgación de la Ley Antisecesión del 14 de marzo de 2005 y, por otro, la firma del Acuerdo Marco de Cooperación Económica el 30 de junio de 2010.

Iglesia y cuestión social: la intervención de la Iglesia Católica en la construcción de demandas de educación, tierra y vivienda en el Gran Buenos Aires

En este trabajo nuestro objetivo es analizar las modalidades de intervención de agencias de la Iglesia Católica en la construcción territorializada de demandas sectoriales de sectores populares del conurbano bonaerense, mostrando su relación con la transformación de las políticas sociales del Estado hacia el asistencialismo y la terciarización durante las últimas décadas. Para ello presentaremos comparativamente dos casos de estudio, encarados desde un enfoque etnográfico: la construcción de demandas educativas y su progresiva integración en estructuras referenciadas en el marco del Obispado de San Isidro; y la intervención de la Vicaría de Pastoral Social del Obispado de Quilmes en los conflictos sociales entre organizaciones de tierra y vivienda y el estado local. De esta manera nuestro propósito es visibilizar los límites y posibilidades que suponen estas formas de intervención de la Iglesia Católica sobre la recomposición de formas organizativas del campo popular, marcando tanto las especificidades locales e históricas de cada diócesis como la lógica común que las atraviesa y orienta.

Risk perception about zoonoses in immigrants and Italian workers in Northwestern Italy

OBJETIVO: To assess factors associated with a low risk perception of zoonoses and to identify the gaps in knowledge about transmission and prevention of zoonoses in immigrant and Italian workers. MÉTODOS: A cross-sectional study with 175 workers in the agro-livestock and agro-food industry in Piemonte, Italy, was carried out. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire based on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey. We calculated proportions and used chi-square tests and odds ratios to assess associations. Eight individual interviews with key informants on immigration and public health in Piemonte were carried out. RESULTADOS: Participants were 82 (47%) Italians and 93 (53%) immigrants. Immigrants were from Romania, Morocco, Albania, India, China, Argentina, Peru, Macedonia, Ivory Coast, Ukraine and Colombia. The study revealed significant differences in risk perception at work (p = 0.001). We found associations between "not having correct knowledge about zoonoses" and the following variables: i. "being immigrant" OR = 4.1 (95%CI 1.7;9.8 p ≤ 0.01); ii. "working in the livestock industry" OR = 2.9 (95%CI 1.2;15.4 p = 0.01); and iii. "being an unqualified worker" OR = 4.4 (95%CI 2.9;15.4 p ≤ 0.01). Another strong association was found between being immigrant and having a low job qualification OR = 6.7 (IC95% 2.9 - 15.4 p ≤ 0.01). Asian immigrants were the group with the highest frequency of risky behaviours and the lowest level of knowledge about zoonoses. CONCLUSÕES: Our results indicate that there were differences in risk perception of zoonoses between the groups participating in our study. These results suggest that immigrant status can be considered a risk factor for having lower risk perception and lower level of knowledge of zoonoses at work. There is a relationship between this specific knowledge of zoonoses and lack of training and instruction among migrant populations. Our results stress the need for developing education programs on zoonoses prevention among the immigrant population in Piemonte, Italy.

Brote de dengue en San Jose de Guaribe, Venezuela: reporte preliminar

Comunicamos nuestra experiencia de un brote de dengue en el Municipio San José de Guaribe, Estado Guárico a mediados de Septiembre y comienzo de Octubre de 1990. Un total de 97 casos sin muertes y el estudio serológico en una muestra problacional mostró virus tipo 2. La pronta intervención y la efectividad de las medidas de control, una atención médica oportuna y un diagnóstico scrológico temprano contribuyeron al control del brote. Esta es la primera descripción de un brote de dengue en el Estado Guárico, Venezuela.

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

Cryptococcosis has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Aids. Many reservoirs of the agent Cryptococcus neoformans have been reported, but the ecology of this yeast must be elucidated in order to establish surveillance programs and to prevent infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. neoformans in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil. Ten churches were selected for sampling and detection of the yeast collecting pigeon dropping, air samples from church towers and neighboring areas during one year. The data demonstrated that C. neoformans has been present in every church selected and was present in 37.8% of 219 pigeon dropping samples. As well as, the yeast was isolated from soil, insects, eggs, pigeon nests and feathers. Fifteen air samples (4.9%) were positive. The growth on C.G.B. medium showed that all strains belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans, with 98.8% of the strains belonging to serotype A.

Enzymatic characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from bivalves harvested at Venice Lagoon (Italy) and Guanabara Bay (Brazil)

The aquatic ecosystem is the natural habitat of microorganisms including Vibrio and Aeromonas genus which are pathogenic to human and animals. In the present investigation the frequency of these bacteria and the enzymatic characteristics of 34 Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from bivalves harvested in Venice Lagoon (Italy) and Guanabara Bay (Brazil) were carried out from November 2003 to February 2004. The mussels' samples were submitted to enrichment in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added with 1% of sodium chloride (NaCl) and APW plus 3% NaCl incubated at 37 ºC for 18-24h. Following the samples were streaked onto TCBS Agar (Thiossulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar) and the suspected colonies were submitted to biochemical characterization. Also, the Vibrio alginolyticus strains were evaluated to collagenase, elastase and chondroitinase production. The results showed the isolation of 127 microorganisms distributed as follows: 105 Vibrio strains such as V. alginolyticus (32.4%), V. harveyi (19%) and V. parahaemolyticus (7.6%), 20 Aeromonas strains and two Plesiomonas shigelloides were the main pathogens isolated. We observed the production of the three enzymes from V. alginolyticus strains considered as the main virulence factors of the bacteria, especially in cases of human dermatological infection.

Extração de DNA a partir de sangue humano coagulado para aplicação nas técnicas de genotipagem de antígenos leucocitários humanos e de receptores semelhantes à imunoglobulina

O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar uma metodologia de extração de DNA de alta qualidade a partir de amostras de sangue coagulado. Quarenta e oito amostras de sangue humano coagulado foram utilizadas para a extração de DNA pelo kit comercial EZ-DNA® (Biological Industries, Beit Haemek, Israel), pelo kit de coluna Neoscience® (One Lambda Inc., San Diego, CA) e pelo método modificado de salting out. Apenas o método de salting out foi capaz de extrair altas concentrações de DNA (média, 180ng/µL), as quais foram medidas pelo detector de fluorescência Qubit® (Invitrogen, USA). Este método permitiu a amplificação dos genes HLA (human leukocyte antigens) pela tecnologia PCR-SSO (polymerase chain reaction - specific sequence of oligonucleotides) Luminex, a qual exige DNA de boa qualidade, e de genes KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) pela técnica made in house PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific of primers), a qual demanda uma concentração específica de DNA (10ng/µL). Concluímos que a técnica de salting out modificada foi muito eficiente, simples e rápida para a extração de DNA de amostras de sangue humano coagulado, com o objetivo de realizar a genotipagem de genes HLA e KIR.

American tripanosomiasis: a study on the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms in wild rodents in San Luis province, Argentina

INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Wild and perianthropic mammals maintain the infection/transmission cycle, both in their natural habitat and in the peridomestic area. The aim of this paper was to present the results from a study on wild rodents in the central and northern regions of San Luis province, Argentina, in order to evaluate the prevalence of this infection. METHODS: Sherman traps were set up in capture areas located between latitudes 32º and 33º S, and longitudes 65º and 66º W. The captured rodents were taxonomically identified and hemoflagellates were isolated. Morphological, biometric and molecular studies and in vitro cultures were performed. Infection of laboratory animals and histological examination of the cardiac muscle and inoculation area were also carried out. Parasites were detected in circulating blood in Calomys musculinus, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis darwini and Akodon molinae. The parasites were identified using biological criteria. Molecular PCR studies were performed on some isolates, which confirmed the characterization of these hemoflagellates as Trypanosoma cruzi. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Forty-four percent of the 25 isolates were identified as Trypanosoma cruzi, and the remaining 56% as Trypanosoma cruzi-like. These findings provide evidence that wild rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms are important in areas of low endemicity.

Surgery information reduces anxiety in the pre-operative period

PURPOSE: Patients preparing to undergo surgery should not suffer needless anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety levels on the day before surgery as related to the information known by the patient regarding the diagnosis, surgical procedure, or anesthesia. METHOD: Patients reported their knowledge of diagnosis, surgery, and anesthesia. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure patient anxiety levels. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine patients were selected, and 82 females and 38 males were interviewed. Twenty-nine patients were excluded due to illiteracy. The state-anxiety levels were alike for males and females (36.10 ± 11.94 vs. 37.61 ± 8.76) (mean ± SD). Trait-anxiety levels were higher for women (42.55 ± 10.39 vs. 38.08 ± 12.25, P = 0.041). Patient education level did not influence the state-anxiety level but was inversely related to the trait-anxiety level. Knowledge of the diagnosis was clear for 91.7% of patients, of the surgery for 75.0%, and of anesthesia for 37.5%. Unfamiliarity with the surgical procedure raised state-anxiety levels (P = 0.021). A lower state-anxiety level was found among patients who did not know the diagnosis but knew about the surgery (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Increased knowledge of patients regarding the surgery they are about to undergo may reduce their state-anxiety levels.

Aspectos reprodutivos e dieta alimentar dos ninhegos de Rhinoptynx clamator (Aves: Strigidae) no campus Marco Zero da Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá-AP

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar os aspectos comportamentais de nidificação, alimentação e desenvolvimento dos ninhegos de Rhinoptynx clamator (Strigidae) em um fragmento florestal no Campus Marco Zero da Universidade Federal do Amapá. Apenas um ninho foi encontrado, no solo e na base de um tucumã Astrocaryum oleatum. Três ovos brancos com manchas marrons foram observados, cuja medida foi de 41 x 35 mm em média. A incubação durou 28 dias e foi efetuada pela fêmea, e o último filhote a nascer viveu apenas dois dias. Os filhotes sobreviventes foram medidos durante o seu desenvolvimento. Durante a estação reprodutiva foram coletadas algumas pelotas de regurgitação, sendo encontrados três tipos de vertebrados: Rattus sp., Micoureus cf. regina e Columbina talpacoti.

Influência de alguns métodos de processamento na qualidade da maça em pedaços: III - variedade Rome Beauty

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da influência de armazenamento prévio, de tratamentos para evitar o escurecimento enzímico (branqueamento, SO2 e ácido ascórbico) e de métodos de processamento (appertização, congelação e liofilização) na qualidade da maçã em pedaços da variedade Rome Beauty. Após seu recebimento na planta piloto, metade das frutas foi imediatamente processada, permanecendo o restante armazenado por seis semanas a 4,4°C para ser posteriormente processado. O melhor tratamento para a variedade em estudo, foi a combinação branqueamento-congelação para todos os atributos de qualidade, exceto para cor com seis semanas de armazenamento prévio, em que a combinação SO2-liofilização foi superior. De um modo geral, a congelação foi o método de processamento mais adequado. Para a congelação, o branqueamento e o SO2 foram considerados os melhores tratamentos para evitar o escurecimento enzímico. O armazenamento prévio teve alguma influência na qualidade da maçã em pedaços, de modo que, as amostras correspondentes à parte não armazenada foram superiores para quase todos os atributos de qualidade.

Abundancia y distribución de las especies ícticas (Osteichthyes) del río San Francisco-Cosquín, Córdoba, Argentina

It was made the characterization of the San Francisco-Cosquín Mountain River fish community, Córdoba, Argentina. Samples of fish were taken from selected sites from November 1998 to November 1999. Eleven species were recorded, eight of which are first reports for this river. Relative abundance for each species, species richness, diversity and dominance were estimated. Bryconamericus iheringi (Boulenger, 1887) y Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) were the most abundant.